RU2723725C1 - Artificial phyto-lighting system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. System comprises light-emitting diode lamps, under which plants are placed, exposure to light radiation is performed. Plants are arranged in rows arranged offset relative to each other. Linear LED plant lighter is suspended vertically above the first row. Plant lighter is made in the form of an extended light-emitting diode module, in which light-emitting diodes are mounted on an aluminium plate of the main three emission spectra: blue, red, far red in ratio 1:3:1. On top of each of said LEDs there is secondary optics, which creates asymmetric distribution of light flux. Aluminium plate is placed inside aluminium housing equipped with ribs, in which power supply source is located.EFFECT: system allows to increase crop capacity by using asymmetric lenses in light-emitting-diode lamps, which accurately concentrate light flux on the irradiation area.4 cl, 11 dwg, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The present invention relates to agriculture, namely to growing plants and seedlings in greenhouses or greenhouses, in particular to methods and devices for changing the conditions for growing plants and seedlings using light exposure to them and illumination to stimulate growth.

Known intelligent system for the production of domestic plants. The intelligent home production system includes a cabinet equipped with a hydroponic device, an automatic nutrient solution circulation system, an air conditioning system, an additional artificial lighting system and an intelligent control system. The cabinet includes a bright room, a dark room, the lower layer and the back layer. The artificial light complement system includes an installation light source plate consisting of a red LED, a blue LED, and a green LED. The system is suitable for wide varieties of plants and significantly increases productivity (Application No. WO2012100482 (A1) - 2012-08-02).

However, the well-known intelligent system, despite the presence of additional artificial light, is not intended for its use in a more open space without a cabinet with light and dark rooms.

A known method of fruit and vegetable cultivation using a green lighting system during the growing period to pollination from the formation of flower buds to the growing season, which indicates the intensity, frequency, duration of exposure (Patent No. JP5364163. Publ. 2013-12-11).

However, the known invention uses the intensity of green irradiation, without an optimal balance of colors: blue, red, far red, LEDs, in addition, the method does not involve the use of secondary optics for the exact concentration of the light flux on the irradiation zone.

A known system for growing plants, which includes: a first light source for irradiating the plant with red light; a second light source for emitting a far red light on the plant; a control part that controls the irradiation operations of the first light source and the second light source; and a time setting part that sets a time zone in which the control part controls the radiation of the first light source and the second light source. Part of the time setting is designed so that the first light source begins to emit red light before sunset; and the second light source begins to emit the far red light after irradiation with red light (Application publ. No. US 2012/0075848. Publ. 03-29-2012).

However, the known invention does not allow to develop the optimal color balance of the LEDs and the exact concentration of the light flux to the irradiation zone.

A known system for inter-row illumination of greenhouse plants, comprising a linear irradiator equipped with a set of at least two interchangeable light-converting elements, means for attaching the irradiator over greenhouse plants and means for changing the position of the irradiator in height and angle of inclination; wherein the irradiator includes a supporting body made in the form of an extended profiled part made of heat-conducting material, having side walls mated to the base and provided with end caps; at least one printed circuit board with at least one light emitting diode with a maximum radiation in the range of 430-470 nm, located on the base of the housing and provided with a terminal for connection to the supply voltage, while the housing is provided with an opening for the said conclusions; a reflector, which is an extended part with side walls and a base, while the reflector and end caps are made of material or coated with a material having a diffuse reflectance of 0.95-0.99, having a trapezoidal cross section and installed in the housing with its base on a printed circuit board with LEDs, while the base of the reflector is equipped with slots to accommodate the LEDs; means of sealing the inner space of the irradiator, and means of fastening in the housing of the light-converting element, the end cover, the board with LEDs, a reflector; and the light-converting elements are mounted in the housing at a distance from the diodes and are made of optically transparent material with a layer deposited on its inner and / or outer surface containing dispersed particles with maximum fluorescence peaks in the wavelength range of 600-680 nm and a half width in the range of 50-180 nm, while the light-converting elements are made with different maxima of the fluorescence peaks (Patent No. 2565724. Publ. 20.10.2015)

However, the known system does not allow to develop the optimal color balance of the LEDs in the fixtures to increase productivity and to accurately concentrate the light flux on the irradiation zone, taking into account the comfort of staff.

Known LED system for irradiation of meristemic plants containing LEDs of a white, red and blue spectrum of radiation connected to a control power supply, as well as reflective screens located along a number of cultivated plants, with the possibility of changing their angle. The irradiation system also includes a temperature sensor installed in the plant growing zone, connected to a temperature controller, the output of which is connected to heating elements located on the reflective screens (Patent RU127286. Publ. 04/27/2013).

However, the known system does not allow to develop the optimal color balance of the LEDs and the exact concentration of the light flux to the irradiation zone.

The technical result is the development of an optimal color balance of the LEDs in the luminaires to increase productivity by using asymmetric lenses in the LED luminaires that accurately concentrate the light flux on the irradiation zone, taking into account the comfort of staff.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in an artificial phyto-lighting system containing LED lamps, placing plants under them, the effect of light emission on them, plants are placed in rows that are positioned offset from each other, a linear LED phyto-lamp is suspended vertically above the first row, with In this case, the linear LED phyto-lamp is made in the form of an extended LED module, in which the LEDs are mounted on the aluminum board of the main three emission spectra: blue, red and far red in a ratio of 1: 3: 1, secondary optics in the form of a lens are installed on top of each of the LEDs, creating asymmetric distribution of the light flux, the aluminum board is placed inside the aluminum case, equipped with ribs, in which the power source is located.

It is advisable, to influence the onset time and the duration of the flowering phase, to use LEDs with a wavelength of: blue - 460 - 480 nm, red 650 - 670 nm and far red - 710 - 740 nm.

It is advisable to use asymmetric lenses, which are mounted on LEDs, to create, orientate and concentrate an asymmetric light flux above the zone of interest as secondary optics.

In an embodiment of the invention, the types of LEDs and their ratio are determined by the absorption peaks of light radiation.

The present invention is illustrated by a detailed description, diagrams in which:

FIG. 1 - shows a top view and a top view of the arrangement of rows of beds, LEDs, luminous flux limited by secondary optics (showing with a cross), and the passage between the rows with an illustration of the asymmetric distribution of the luminous flux;

FIG. 2 - shows the photometric data of the asymmetric distribution of the light flux of the LED with secondary optics;

FIG. 3 - characterizes the main view and top view of the arrangement of rows of beds, LEDs, without secondary optics, and the passage between the rows with an illustration of the circular distribution of the light flux;

FIG. 4 - shows photometric data distribution of the light flux of the LED without secondary optics;

FIG. 5 - shows the LEDs mounted on an aluminum board;

FIG. 6 - shows a lensed LED, when used, which does not require secondary optics;

FIG. 7 - shows the appearance of an asymmetric secondary optics (lens) mounted above each LED;

FIG. 8 - shows a perspective view of a lamp recommended for use;

FIG. 9 - characterizes the structural diagram of the luminaire of the optimal spectrum of the glow of LEDs for plants and the location of the colors of the LEDs;

FIG. 10 - shows the color of the glow of the diodes;

FIG. 11 shows the absorption spectrum of Chrolophyll A and B, in the absorption of sunlight in vivo, constituting a green pigment. The ratio of chlorophylls corresponds to a proportion of 3 (chlorophyll-A): 1 (chlorophyll B).

The artificial phyto-lighting system (hereinafter the system) is as follows.

Plants are grown in containers in soil culture. The containers are placed on supports in the form of beds or beds (hereinafter beds), which are arranged in rows 1, 2 with offset relative to each other in height and width (Fig. 1, 3). The beds 2 (one shown) are placed similarly to the beds 1. Between the beds 1 and 2, a passage 3 is left for service personnel. Above the beds 1 and 2, likewise, they hang a linear LED phyto-lamp vertically above the first row, which is located on a horizontal surface (ground, floor). The LED phyto-lamp is equipped with LEDs 4. On top of each of the mentioned LEDs 4, secondary optics 6 are installed in the form of lenses, which creates an asymmetric distribution of the light flux 7. Lenses with an asymmetric distribution of the light flux are mounted over each LED 4 and oriented accordingly. Figure 2 is a graph illustrating photometric data characterizing the areas of concentration and increase in luminous flux 7 above the beds and its decrease in the passage 3. In the vertical plane (red curve 7a in the graph), the distribution of luminous flux is uniform with an opening angle of 75 degrees. relative to the LED. In the horizontal plane (blue curve 7b on the graph) the distribution of light flux is asymmetric with a maximum on one side at an angle of 40 degrees. and powerful luminous flux in the range of 5 - 50 degrees. relative to the LED. Unnecessary radiation from the other side relative to the central optical axis of the lens is suppressed and redirected by the lens in the desired direction.

LED 4 (for comparison) without secondary optics 6 is shown in figure 3. The luminous flux 7 in this case is distributed evenly in a circle in the form of a circle, capturing the passage 3 (Fig. 4). Both curves 7a and 7b are superimposed on each other.

In the system, a linear LED phyto-lamp is made in the form of an extended LED module in which LEDs 4 are mounted on an aluminum board 8 of three emission spectra, namely blue 9, red 10 and far red 11 (Fig. 5). The main ones are three emission spectra: blue 9, red 10 and far red 11. The ratio of the three emission spectra in the system is 1: 3: 1. LEDs 4 can be lensed (Fig.6). In this case, the secondary optics 6 has a housing 13 on which the lens 14 is mounted. In addition, secondary optics 6 with an asymmetric lens can be mounted above each LED (Fig. 7). LED 4 with a lens mounted on it and is a system with secondary optics.

An aluminum board 8 is placed inside an aluminum case 15 equipped with ribs (Fig. 8). For fastening (hanging) the aluminum case 15, it is equipped with fastening elements 16 and 17. In the aluminum case, in addition to the LED module, there is a power supply 18, which is connected to a network with a voltage of ~ 220V (Fig. 9).

To influence the onset time and the duration of the flowering phase, three wavelength radiation spectra are used in the system: blue - 460 - 480 nm, red 650 - 670 nm and far red - 710 - 740 nm. (Fig. 10).

When carrying out the invention, the types of LEDs 4 and their ratio are determined by the peaks of absorption of light radiation (Figure 11). Plants absorb the red and blue spectrum and reflect green. Chlorophyll is a coloring matter of leaves and other organs of plants, causing the plants to absorb air carbon dioxide (photosynthesis). There are two variants of chlorophyll - A and B. Both chlorophyll variants (A and B) are effective photoreceptors that allow the plant to actively absorb energy from sunlight. The difference between chlorophyll variants is the length of the absorbed waves. Both chlorophylls complement each other in the absorption of sunlight. Under natural conditions, the ratio of chlorophylls corresponds to a proportion of 3 (chlorophyll-A): 1 (chlorophyll-B). Together they make up the green pigment. To obtain the optimal spectrum of irradiated light for plants, a scheme of the luminaire shown in figure 10 is proposed.

An example of using an artificial phyto-lighting system.

To test the artificial lighting system, experimental irradiators (LED lamps) 15 were used: PW (CLU04H-40/85-РW-01), PRB (CLU04H-40/85-PRB-01) based on LEDs 4, namely: Citizen CLU04H -40 / 85-PW-01 and CLU04H-40/85-PRB-01 (chip-on-board system). In the experimental luminaires, asymmetric LEDIL lenses of the STELLA series of model FN14976_STELLA-DWC2 were used.

LEDs 4 were selected in such a way as to provide an optimal spectrum for the growth and development of plants.

When testing used the color of the radiation of the LEDs 4 (used Citizen LEDs):

blue 9 - 450 nm,

red 10 - 660 nm,

far red 11 - 730 nm.

The maximum irradiation (PPFD) on the optical axis of LED lamp 15 at a distance of 50 cm was:

blue 9 - 100 μmol / s / m²,

red 10 - 300 μmol / s / m²,

far red 11 - 23 μmol / s / m²

Plants were grown under conditions of a growing experiment in vessels in soil culture. As a soil culture used the substrate "Agrobalt-S". The Agrobalt-S substrate is a soil mixture based on neutralized high peat seasoned with macro and micronutrient fertilizers. The humidity of the substrate was maintained at 70% PV (watering vessels by weight). The air temperature was maintained in the range: 22-23 ⁰ C during the day and 18-19 ⁰ C at night. The photoperiod was 18 hours, the photon flux density at the tops of plants was 70–80 μmol / m ² s. As a reference option, a Plantastar irradiator with a high pressure sodium lamp (NLVD control) (Osram production) was used.

The following cultures were used in the experiments:

1. Cucumber Relay (for seedlings)

2. Cassandra Cucumber (seedlings)

3. Tomato Slavyanka (for seedlings)

4. Salad “Korn Impromptu” (Uralskiy summer resident)

5. Mustard leaf salad "Red Giant" (Aelita)

6. Mustard leaf lettuce "Prima" (Gavrish)

7. Arugula "Emerald"

8. Tatsoy Salad (Euro Seeds)

9. Mustard “8 line”

10. Salad "Corn Spikelet" (Aelita)

11. Mustard leaf salad "Appetizing" (Gavrish)

The experiment was repeated four times (4 vessels per variant of the light regime). The growing season was 30-35 days from seedling to harvest.

Conducted appropriate counts and observations.

Phenotyping of plants included leaf area accounting. Harvesting - accounting for raw and dry biomass, accounting for leaf area.

In the research process, the following conventional instruments and equipment were used:

Scales electronic OHAUS AR5120; up to 510 g (0.01 g) (China), electronic scales OHAUS DV214C; up to 210 g (0.1 mg) (Switzerland), Photoplanimeter Li-Cor LI-3100C (determination of leaf area) up to 0.01 cm ² (USA), spectroradiometer Li-Cor LI-189 (measurement of photon flux density in the PAR area , USA), Binder drying cabinet (Germany).

The experimental material was subjected to statistical processing (Excel) on lettuce green plants and growing seedlings. The tables show the average and standard errors.

Example 1. Lettuce green plants.

Growing leafy green plants under light culture conditions using LED irradiators (LEDs) revealed their advantages over NLVD (Table 1). This primarily relates to the reaction of leaf lettuce plants. The crop biomass of the varieties "Red Giant" and "Prima" was significantly higher when grown under LED irradiators than with NLVD. In the sort specimen “8 line” this reaction was expressed a little weaker. In mustard plants of the “Appetizing (Gavrish)” variety, a significant difference compared to the control was only in the variant with PRB. It is important to note that the leaf area of plants in variants with diabetes was greater than with NLVD. When comparing the plant yields in the variants with PRB and PW, no significant differences were found, with the exception of the “Appetizing” (Gavrish) variety, which reacted positively to the latter option. It should be noted that in the variants with PRB the plants had a slightly smaller thickness of leaf blades compared to PW. Table 1 presents the productivity of green crops when grown in light culture using different irradiators equipped with secondary optics. Secondary optics made it possible to concentrate the bulk of the luminous flux on the trays with plants, which ultimately provided an additional increase in the biomass and area of plant leaves.

Table 1

Culture, grade Light mode option (irradiator) Plant biomass, g per pot Raw Dry Mustard "Red Giant" (Aelita) PRB 25.63 ± 0.98 2.89 ± 0.18 423.5 ± 50.91 Pw 23.58 ± 1.28 2.47 ± 0.20 365.75 ± 17.06 HFD 17.7 ± 1.91 1.46 ± 0.28 304.75 ± 52.01 Mustard "Prima" (Gavrish) PRB 21.63 ± 2.43 3.06 ± 0.23 563.25 ± 70.25 Pw 20.4 ± 1.02 2.31 ± 0.24 447 ± 17.01 HFD 11.58 ± 1.14 1.39 ± 0.15 327 ± 21.08 Arugula "Emerald" PRB 18.33 ± 0.88 1.6 ± 0.08 349.5 ± 11.44 Pw 15.46 ± 1.01 1.43 ± 0.09 308.25 ± 18.32 HFD 13.49 ± 0.59 1.3 ± 0.11 271.5 ± 12.79 Tatsoy "Euro Seeds" PRB 22.01 ± 0.82 2.17 ± 0.055 346.25 ± 19.21 Pw 20.45 ± 2.01 1.62 ± 0.07 342.5 ± 33.32 HFD 17.49 ± 0.36 1.36 ± 0.08 330.75 ± 9.88 Mustard "8 line" PRB 22.53 ± 1.87 3.035 ± 0.29 575.75 ± 69.59 Pw 22.85 ± 1.41 2.41 ± 0.12 530.5 ± 40.09 HFD 19.88 ± 2.09 1.81 ± 0.19 390.5 ± 25.72 Mustard "Appetizing" (Gavrish) PRB 16.625 ± 0.83 1.91 ± 0.09 354 ± 16.95 Pw 19.525 ± 0.83 1.79 ± 0.04 366.5 ± 13.51 HFD 15.85 ± 1.03 1.07 ± 0.10 232 ± 14.94 Salad "Corn Spikelet" (Aelita) PRB 5.44 ± 0.51 0.6 ± 0.07 245 ± 15.13 Pw 5.31 ± 0.42 0.65 ± 0.07 243 ± 14.98 HFD 2.44 ± 0.36 0.3 ± 0.03 114 ± 10.19 Salad "Korn Impromptu" (Ural summer resident) PRB 5.33 ± 0.46 0.515 ± 0.06 221.75 ± 16.82 Pw 6.53 ± 0.21 0.54 ± 0.03 264.75 ± 12.09 HFD 1.85 ± 0.22 0.26 ± 0.03 98.5 ± 9.54

Tatsoy Euro Seeds plants also noted a significant increase in yield in variants with diabetes compared to NLVD. The same goes for the Emerald Arugula Salad. This culture also noted a more intensive accumulation of biomass in the variant with PRV having secondary optics fixtures. The PRB spectrum of the luminaires contained not only the blue and red parts of the spectrum, but also the far red (710 - 740 nm), which experimentally confirmed the correct choice of LEDs for the proposed luminaire.

The yield of Korn Expromt lettuce plants of all the studied varieties was significantly higher when grown with DM irradiators than with NLVD. Here, the strongest reaction of plants was noted in comparison with other cultures. This is probably due to the inhibitory effect of the spectral composition of NLVD on the processes of plant growth and development; PW and PRB irradiators did not have such a negative (inhibiting biomass accumulation) effect on plants, which is due to the fact that the NLVD emission spectrum is not optimal for illuminating this culture. On the contrary, the spectrum of LED irradiators with peaks in the blue, red, and far red regions of the spectrum has confirmed its effectiveness.

In example 1, LED irradiators of a single design were used (based on COB technology, in which many miniature LEDs are mounted side by side on the same substrate) with a maximum emission in blue of 450 - 460 nm, red - 630 - 650 nm. For PRB irradiators, far red (up to 740 nm) was also present in the spectrum. The radiation powers in these spectral ranges were related to each other as 1: 3: 1, which confirms the correct choice of the ratio of LEDs for mounting fixtures.

Example 2. Growing seedlings

When growing seedlings of cucumber and tomato, the difference in the reaction of plants to the spectral composition of light from different irradiators was not as significant as when growing green plants. This can be explained by the fact that the level of photon flux density (blue 9, red 10 and far red 11) obtained from used irradiators with secondary optics in the experiment is significantly lower than that required when growing seedlings. Nevertheless, the data obtained are of undoubted interest. Biometric indicators of plants grown using PW and PRB are not lower than those of plants grown using NLVD (with the exception of the relay race in the PRB variant).

The disadvantage of the photon density level obtained from LED irradiators in this case can be compensated by using more powerful LEDs 4 or using other types of asymmetric lenses 6, which give more directed and concentrated radiation towards the plants.

Table 2 presents the biometric indicators of seedlings when grown in light culture using different irradiators with secondary optics 6.

table 2

Culture, grade Light mode option Plant biomass, g The leaf area of the plant, cm ² Raw Dry 1 2 3 4 five 1 2 3 4 five Cucumber
Relay race PRB 10,42 1.06 46.84 Pw 9.5 0.66 70.32 HFD 11.5 1,52 78.41 Cassandra Cucumber PRB 9.43 0.8 45.5 Pw 13.21 1.36 40.7 HFD 9.58 1.36 31.38 1 2 3 4 five Tomato Slavyanka PRB 2.64 0.12 24.18 Pw 2.84 0.11 22.12 HFD 2.27 0.14 26.7

The proposed artificial phyto-lighting system allows you to work out the optimal color balance of the light emitting spectrum of LEDs in fixtures, which increases the yield of plants and seedlings.

In addition, the proposed system uses asymmetric lenses to increase productivity, which accurately concentrate the light flux on the irradiation zone.

In addition, the proposed system allows to increase the biomass of plant leaves, create comfortable working conditions for staff.

Claims (4)

1. An artificial phyto-lighting system comprising LED lamps, placing plants beneath them, the effect of light emission on them, characterized in that the plants are arranged in rows arranged offset to one another, the linear LED phyto-lamp is suspended vertically above the first row, the linear LED the phyto-lamp is made in the form of an extended LED module in which the LEDs are mounted on the aluminum board of the main three emission spectra: blue, red, far red in a ratio of 1: 3: 1, secondary optics are installed on top of each of the LEDs, creating an asymmetric distribution of the light flux, aluminum the board is placed inside an aluminum case equipped with ribs, in which a power source is located. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that they use LEDs with a wavelength of: blue - 460 - 480 nm, red - 650 - 670 nm and far red - 710 - 740 nm. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that asymmetric lenses mounted on LEDs are used as secondary optics. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the types of LEDs and their ratio are determined by the absorption peaks of light radiation.

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