RU2530488C2 - Device providing positive effect in growing plants in specially protected environment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of illumination for plants in growing in protected environment. The device comprises: a computer (1) with interface (2), a control unit (3), a unit (4) of power supply, at least one lamp (7), a fan (5) for cooling LED elements and supply of CO₂ or nitrogen (N) from the reservoir (6) connected through the corresponding line (8). And the lamp (7) consists of a rack (17) with the tubular connection (29) and the support (15) with a plafond (14) attached to it, in the centre of the upper surface (21) of which there is an opening (22). On the side surfaces the LED elements (13) are symmetrically located, with LEDs (12) and heat exchangers, the LED driver (27), the ventilation openings (19) and the connecting panel (25). And the control device (3) consists of: a module (9) to create the basic sequence of rectangular pulses with the predetermined frequency and regulation of their duration, that is the ratio of signal/pause; the module (10) to determine the number of pulses corresponding to the individual colours and their position in time intervals Tfs and Tfp for photosynthetic and phyto-prophylactic spectra, as well as the base frequency of radiation fo; and a module (11) for manual selection of mode and data entry.

EFFECT: invention provides an improvement in growth and yield of plants by providing additional lighting with its regulation in greenhouses.

7 cl, 16 dwg

Description

Technical field

In general, the invention, which is the subject of our development, relates to lighting in agriculture; in particular, we are talking about a device based on LED technology, which is used to improve the cultivation of plants in a specially protected environment.

According to the IPC, the subject of our invention falls under the main classification index A01G 9/26, which is used to designate electrical devices in greenhouses, but can also be classified by the additional class G05D 25/02, which is used to designate light control devices using electrical means .

Given the fact that this new device uses multi-color lighting, the subject of our invention can be classified by such additional indices as F21S 10/02, indicating devices and systems for creating lighting that changes color, and G05D 25/00, indicating light control (e.g. intensity, color, phase, etc.).

Technical problem

The technical problem that can be solved by the present invention is related to solving the following question: how to achieve additional properly regulated lighting and how to design its application to improve the quality and increase productivity of growing plants in a specially protected environment, where the use of classical hydroponic technology is possible, allowing on the dynamics and phases of the photosynthetic process, making sterilization of a hydroponic solution possible while actively Acting on the final properties of cultivated plants, providing prophylactic and active protection against all types of diseases, neutralizing the effect of harmful radiation on soil and groundwater, by emitting, at preprogrammed intervals, specially generated for this purpose light with a specific spectrum that actively prevents diseases caused by microorganisms and pathogenic factors, given the fact that such a device must be compatible with well-known trad conventional lighting equipment used in greenhouses, and taking into account not only environmental parameters, radiation, flicker, buzz and the like, but also the cost of manufacture, installation and maintenance and durability.

State of the art

In order to ensure favorable conditions for photosynthesis in the metabolic process in plants, in addition to sufficient humidity, nutrition, adequate temperature and optimal concentration of CO ₂ , it is absolutely necessary to provide suitable illumination. In natural light, that is, sunlight, 75% to 85% of the light is absorbed and one quarter is photosynthetically active, but it is actually used from 0.5% to 7%, while the rest is reflected, converted to heat or remains in shape Sveta. This situation is observed due to light energy transformations over a certain period of time; while photosynthetically active radiation is determined by the following parameters.

Illumination (depending on the spectral composition of the radiation; the most suitable for vegetables is the level of 1500-2000 lux, for flowers 4000-5000 lux and for laboratory research 20000-30000 lux).

Selected spectrum width (it is generally accepted that visible sunlight is in the range of 400-700 nm, and the most suitable for growing plants are red, in the range of 640-680 nm, and blue-violet, in the range of 400-450 nm, segments of the spectrum).

The lighting mode must be compatible with the needs of the user and can be continuous or pulsed.

In recent years, interest in this problem has been growing, and thanks to a large number of experiments, our knowledge about light and its effect on plant growth and yield has deepened. The application of the results of the latest research in agriculture has given farmers new advantages, not only in the form of increased productivity and increased quality, but also in the form of the ability to ensure a continuous production process and offer their products on the market at the most suitable time. This means that the daylight factor has become more or less inconsequential in crop production, and the production process can now be carried out year-round. It also means that thanks to artificial lighting, the production of a variety of plants has become possible in almost any corner of the world. The use of artificial lighting has given many advantages in terms of prolonging daylight hours and changing lighting requirements. At present, there are metal halide and sodium lamps with a power of 400-600 W and a lighting area of 6-10 square meters.

There are two types of the so-called “specially protected environment”: we are talking about greenhouses with glass and plastic coatings. Here are some facts that are important when choosing between these two types. First of all, it is important to consider the following.

1. Glass sheets reflect light, but at the same time they represent a kind of barrier against thermal radiation, while a plastic film does not reflect light, but effectively protects from the so-called “burnout of plants”.

2. The longevity of the glass is not limited, while the longevity of the film is limited to two or three years.

3. The transparency of the glass is 100%, while the transparency of the foil is approximately 80%.

4. The transmission of the visible solar spectrum through glass is almost unlimited, while the film does not reflect all the components of the solar spectrum. It is also important to note that sodium glass does not reflect the ultraviolet segment of the spectrum.

5. There is a significant price difference between the two materials (the film needs to be changed often and heating costs are relatively high).

Regardless of the final decision on the use of a glass or plastic coated greenhouse, it is known that with appropriate control and careful regulation of the parameters that affect the cultivation of plants in specially protected environments, and especially with the appropriate science-based use of lighting, a multiple increase in productivity can be achieved (from two to three crops in the same time period).

Modern greenhouses, no matter how large they are, do not involve work without additional artificial lighting, which plays a crucial role in modern crop production.

At the same time, however, it should be noted that classic incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps and lamps using a discharge in sodium vapor tend to become obsolete. Instead, they will use LED lighting, characterized by practicality, reliability and durability.

Among the problems associated with the implementation of artificial lighting, it is most often necessary to solve the following: the choice of the most suitable region of the spectrum, the possibility of creating a lamp with a light spectrum, the composition of which could be changed to optimize the growing conditions of plants, the possibility of selecting the optimal value of the light flux, an adequate principle of operation, achieving high efficiency, allowing the use of natural energy resources, creating the optimal method for cooling the LED and working in the presence of insects.

The desire to solve these problems inspired the author to propose a lamp working on the basis of LED technology, which will allow to grow plants in specially protected environments, providing approximation to optimal conditions.

Having familiarized ourselves with all domestic and foreign sources within the scope of access, we came to the conclusion that such an invention has not yet been proposed.

The content of the invention

The technical problem described above is completely solved with the help of this particular invention, in which a lighting device is proposed that provides a positive effect for growing plants in a protected environment, characterized in that it comprises: a computer with an interface, a control device, an energy supply unit, at least one lamp, a fan for cooling the LED elements and supplying CO ₂ or nitrogen (N) from a tank connected through an appropriate line, the lamp consisting of a rack with a tubular a connector and supports with a shade attached to it, in the center of the upper surface of which there is a hole, and on the side surfaces there are symmetrically arranged LED elements with LEDs and heat exchangers, an LED driver, ventilation holes and a connection panel, the control device consisting of: a module for creating a basic sequence rectangular pulses with a predetermined frequency and controlling their duration, that is, the signal / pause ratio; a module for determining the number of pulses corresponding to individual colors and their position at time intervals Tfs and Tfp for the photosynthetic and phytoprophylactic spectra, as well as the base frequency fo radiation; and a module for manual mode selection and data entry.

According to the author’s intention, a special lamp was designed that works on the basis of LED technology and includes: A BLOCK OF LED DRIVERS, controlled by an appropriate device that is capable of creating a substantially changing RGB spectrum and is equipped with a ceiling whose size and shape allow it to be used in greenhouses and which consists of LED elements and heat exchangers mounted horizontally and vertically on a mobile stand, and is designed to provide optimal conditions for intensive and high-quality th photosynthetic activity of plants, combined with significant energy savings. The present invention is based on the use of LED lamps, which means that it uses a number of important advantages of this technology.

1. At the same power, the LED emits approximately the same or even greater amount of light compared to well-known and traditional lighting.

2. This light may have a precisely indicated wavelength.

3. The light from the LED can be directed to a specific point.

4. LEDs have significant durability (50,000 hours of operation with a decrease in luminous intensity by only 20%).

5. From the point of view of the use of light energy, the LED is different in that it does not produce heat.

6. The LED can work in pulses (the so-called pulsed mode of operation) and more efficiently consumes energy, approximately 30%, and in certain operating modes - 10-100 times better.

7. It does not emit harmful segments of the spectrum, such as ultraviolet or infrared.

8. It is possible to set the spectral composition of the emitted light.

9. For sterilization and destruction of pathogenic organisms, ultraviolet LED elements of a certain wavelength can be installed. The full UV-A spectrum range has a generally positive effect on plants.

LED elements consist of LEDs or LED modules with the ability to emit color monochromatic or polychromatic light based on the RGB model. It is important to emphasize that the LED lamp, according to well-known results, allows better use of artificial lighting and, with accurate indication of photosynthetic parameters and careful planning, has an important effect on the development of plants and on some internal mechanisms in their leaves, causing positive changes in plant growth and productivity.

According to many authors, in the light phase of photosynthesis at certain times in the chemical process of synthesis of organic substances, which directly depends on temperature, plants do not need light, however, other authors believe that light of a certain strength is still required to activate some enzymes, and the spectrum of this light is different from the spectrum of light absorbed by chlorophyll. During these periods of time, in the absence of chemical activity of the plant, the lamp should not emit light, or the light may be less powerful in a certain spectrum necessary for the activity of enzymes, including infrared, in fact, thermal exposure. Photosynthetic radiation occurs periodically, and causes intense energy surges that transfer electrons to a higher level, generating photochemical activity as a physical reaction independent of temperature. In this case, the lighting and activity of the plant are synchronized, and the plant receives an incentive to respond with photosynthetic reactions to changes in the light rhythm, which allows the use of light at a higher level, providing greater energy savings.

A new fact as a result of this invention is the possibility of prophylactic and active neutralization of pathogenic organisms using a programmed exposure to light in a certain spectrum and the photosynthetic activity caused by this effect. This feature can be implemented in three ways.

1. The use of a spectrum that enhances the synthesis of substances responsible for plant immunity.

2. The use of a spectrum unfavorable for the physiology of pathogenic organisms.

3. The use of frequencies of light radiation that neutralize pathogenic organisms.

The neutralization of pathogenic organisms can be carried out by exposing the air mixture, the cooling lamp, a significant stream of emitted light.

In addition, infrared LED elements can be used as a source of heat alternating with sunlight, provided they emit pulses with certain energy values corresponding to the chemical aspect of photosynthesis. Selective infrared radiation will transfer energy directly to the plant with almost no loss. Depending on the needs, the ratio between photosynthetic, preventive and heat transfer operating modes is regulated, in other words, the presence of certain segments in the spectrum is regulated.

It is also important to note the new fact resulting from this invention that it is possible to create conditions that are positive or negative in the bioenergy aspect, which is important from the point of view of medicine and safety, since it allows you to neutralize the negative effects of radiation on soil and groundwater without changing the force and the spectrum of emitted light.

It is also possible to program the operation of the main fan, the rotation speed of which is related to the power consumed at the moment, so it is possible to cool the lamp with the optimal amount of a mixture of air, CO ₂ and nitrogen. Due to the fact that the air mixture in the cooling system passes directly along the electric wires, which, in turn, conduct electromagnetic energy, it is possible to assimilate them in the temperature range from -25 to +35 degrees. In addition, when the lighting is off, the fan operates at a minimum rotation speed, delivering a cold or warm air mixture to the environment, which may not come from a protected area. This mode of operation provides air circulation, as well as protection from insects, moisture, etc.

An advantage of this invention is also a well thought-out design of the ceiling, which provides effective protection against moisture, is small in size and convenient to use.

Thanks to the installation method and the shape of the lampshade, it is possible to install another lamp stand on it, and, as a result, use another light source. Thus, during the entire period of growth and maturation, the plant constantly receives the optimal amount of light. In addition, it is important to note that the lamp can operate in three different modes: manual, semi-automatic and automatic.

This is possible thanks to special software that makes it possible to save energy as much as possible and choose operating modes. Compared with other well-known solutions in the field of plant lighting in specially protected environments, this particular invention has a number of advantages, among which the most obvious are the following.

1. The invention meets all the necessary environmental standards and is completely harmless to human health. Based on experiments, the author can prove that various colors and their combinations emit positive or negative energy. In addition, changes in the operating mode are possible, preserving the spectrum and light intensity, but changing the polarity of the transmitted energy; in other words, it is possible to create such a polarity that will be harmless to plants and can neutralize the possible harmful effects of radiation on soil and groundwater.

2. In the space of a single medium, it is possible to choose a mode of continuous operation with the emission of ordinary white light of a certain strength.

3. In terms of temperature, in this mode, a source of cold light will be obtained.

4. It is possible to change all parameters of light, including: power, prevailing wavelengths, spectral composition, frequency of discrete and serial flashes.

5. All worn and damaged elements of the lamp and electrical devices can be replaced separately, that is, maintenance costs are low.

6. If necessary, you can change the pre-programmed operating modes.

7. The device according to the invention is colorless, has a pleasant smell and practically does not create fumes, which ensures its durability. (Do not use LEDs with lightly damaged nickel elements).

8. The invention provides prevention of the development of pathogenic organisms by radiation of a special spectrum, which can be combined with a photosynthetic spectrum.

9. Can be achieved without harmful side effects, improving the chemical composition of the fetus by determining the ratio of the power of red and blue light at different stages of plant maturation.

10. Improving plant growth and productivity.

11. Significant energy savings.

12. The device is convenient to store and reliable in operation.

13. The device is portable, it is easy to install, it exactly matches the lighting needs of the plant.

Brief Description of the Drawings

To demonstrate the invention and in order to better understand it, a number of diagrams and drawings will be presented, namely:

Figure 1 is a functional block diagram of a separate device;

Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a lamp shade incorporating elements for connecting another lamp;

Figure 3 diagram of the serial connection of LED modules to LED drivers;

Figure 4 is an example of setting pulses for photosynthetic effects in LED elements operating according to the RGB model;

Figure 5 is an example of setting pulses for phytoprophylactic exposure in LED elements operating according to the RWB model;

Fig.6 image of one pulse from the basic group of rectangular pulses with variable parameters;

Fig.7 software algorithm that regulates the operation of the device in automatic mode;

Fig.8 improved lamp in a vertical section;

Fig.9 the upper surface of the advanced lamp;

Figure 10 the upper surface of the advanced lamp with fans;

11 is a schematic representation of an advanced lamp for hydroponic technology;

12 is a side view of an improved lamp used to grow plants in a nutrient solution (hydroponic technology);

13 is a schematic illustration of the light exposure of a lamp mounted on two racks and a method for controlling a cooling and heating system for hydroponic technology;

14 is a schematic illustration of lamps mounted on both sides of a support structure that is used in hydroponic technology (top view;

Fig. 15 is a schematic illustration of a greenhouse for hydroponic technology for growing plants with three levels illuminated by lamps;

Fig. 16 is a schematic illustration of a sterilization device including ultraviolet LEDs with a control device, a circulation pump, and a plant power supply system.

Preferred implementation of the invention

As shown in the drawings, a single device includes; a computer 1 with an interface 2, a control device 3, a power supply unit 4, a fan 5 for cooling the LED elements and supplying a mixture of air with CO ₂ or N, which are interconnected by a corresponding electric circuit and ventilation valves, which make up the main channel 8 with branches. The control device 3 includes a module 9, designed to supply certain signals, a module 10, designed to control various parameters of the signals: pulse duration, signal-pause ratio and frequency, mutual localization of the pulses of the set colors in time, and module 11, designed for manual selection mode and data entry. The switch 26 for selecting the operating mode can take two positions, 1-2 and 1 ″ -2 ″, and in position 1-2 it is possible to select only low-intensity white light in order to create favorable conditions for work in a specially protected environment, whereas in position 1 ″ -2 ″ the device operates within the programmed possibilities of changing the spectral and impulse characteristics. According to the invention of Umnax (40-50 V), at various voltages, both high and low, the output power depends on the number of installed LED elements, which determines the power of the emitted light and the power of the power supply unit, in other words, the power limit is set ( device protection is provided). Changing the voltage coming from the power supply is possible due to various ways of connecting LED elements or replacing the driver unit. LED elements emit light that carries significant energy with maximums in the red and blue segments of the spectrum. It is possible, for example, to use 6-18 LED elements connected in series in a single lamp to create one color of the spectrum, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The necessary spectrum can be created by a combination of colors, that is, a combination of spectra composed of two, three or more different elements. All elements of the same color spectrum can be turned on simultaneously with one RGB pulse or at different times when each RGB pulse starts separately. The operating mode is set by the control device 3. After installing the lamps 7, the spectrum can be set by entering parameters (programmatically or manually); during operation, the luminous intensity of individual color segments of the spectrum and the corresponding frequencies in the interactive mode is mapped to random integers (for example, for three elements, colors or spectra, the ratios fa: fb: fc can be 1: 2: 1, 1: 3: 5, 4: 3: 2, etc.). The total number of installed elements determines the maximum intensity of illumination, which can be increased by connecting one or more lamps to an existing 7, taking into account the height of the installation. Such a build-up is possible if you attach the rack of the second lamp 7 to the body of the first lamp 7. The means of this connection is the connector 29. On the cover 21 of the first lamp 7 there is a central circular opening (exit), the diameter of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the rack 20. protect the lamp 7 from moisture, when mounting without a stand 20, insert a round plastic gasket 23. In the case when two lamps 7 are connected together, the air mixture for cooling and CO ₂ pass through the hollow tubular posts 17 and 20, and the power supply The elimination and signals from the operation mode control system are fed to an additional lamp using the panel 25 and driver 27. It should be noted that each additional lamp has a similar connector, a small panel 25 and driver 27, which allow for power supply and transmission of control signals.

For cooling purposes, small openings 19 are symmetrically located on the ceiling 14, through which heated air constantly exits. The fan 5 prevents the penetration of moisture and insects, usually found in greenhouses.

The maximum output power, expressed in the power of the emitted light, is limited only by the power of the power supply unit 4, however, it can be increased by parallel connection of several power supply units 4, if the electric network allows it.

Due to the low energy loss in pulsed mode, it is possible to install special lamps (with special characteristics) that can emit short light pulses of high intensity (approximately 33 kHz), while allowing the possibility of changing the frequency.

The choice of pulse duration in the basic pulse sequence is based on the results of various studies that have shown that a pulse duration of 10-15 μs will be optimal.

The ceiling 14 of the LED lamp has a pear-shaped or, as shown in the drawing, the shape of a rounded symmetric polyhedral prism or bell. This cover includes appropriate cooling devices made of durable plastic or similar material. The ceiling 14 is closed, so that the LED elements (LEDs and LED modules) are protected from all kinds of mechanical damage.

The operating mode of the lamp 7 is determined by the device 2 and is implemented in the following two ways.

1) Fully automatically, through software that sets such parameters as:

the duration of the rectangular pulse Ti, the ratio Ti / Tpi and the frequency fi in the basic sequence of pulses - Fig.6;

the ratio of light intensity for the established colors / spectra, which is proportional to the number of corresponding pulses and is defined as the ratio of integers (Figure 4), that is, a characteristic that determines the spectrum, as well as the light intensity in photosynthetic and phytophylactic, and with a more accurate description and heat transfer operating mode - Figure 5;

output frequency fo for the entire spectrum;

programmable time intervals of the lamp operation (see algorithm, Fig. 7), allowing more precise adjustment of the lighting parameters (for example, programming short time intervals for each individual day).

2) Semi-automatically, that is, by directly entering the parameters manually from the remote control of the device.

The nature of the signals is determined by the temperature and power and impulse characteristics of the LED elements 13, as well as considerations of additional savings. In both cases, the above-mentioned signals are controlled by modules 9 and 10, which also regulate the operation of the LED driver 27. The algorithm of both operating modes is shown in Fig. 7.

To comment on the energy-saving properties of the lamp (thanks to the present invention), consider a few examples of energy consumption when working in photosynthetic mode.

Tfs = 100 μs - the duration of the basic sequence of rectangular pulses,

Ti + Tpi = 25-40 μs - the duration of one pulse period,

fi = 25-40 kHz - the frequency of the basic rectangular pulses.

In this case, you can consider an example of energy consumption and the creation of a spectrum for a lamp emitting light of two colors, for example, cold-white and red. In the optimal case, the lamp will emit light of the corresponding spectrum, spending 60% -80% of energy, which corresponds to wavelengths in the intervals of 620-650 nm and 420-450 nm and can be achieved by choosing LED elements. The spectrum is created by entering a certain number of pulses for both colors during Tfs, that is, by setting their ratio. If their number is the same, we get:

nR: nW = 1: 1⇔fiR = fiW

Such a lamp, in which the maximum power of the installed LEDs is, for example, Pinst = 135 W, has a total luminous flux of 135 · 60 lm = 8100 lm, approximately corresponding to the stream of sunlight ≈11000-12000 lm. Given the fact that the lamp is at a height of = 1 m and the brightness corresponding to sunlight is ≈1000 lux, the theoretical minimum energy consumption (for nR = nW = 1) will be calculated as follows:

Uo = Uomax = 60 V

Io = Iomax = 2.25 A

Tfs = Timin = Tiw = Tir = 12.5 μs

fo = 20 Hz, Ti + Tpi = 50 ms

Pmin = (20 · 12.5) Pinst / 1,000,000 = 0,00025 · 135 W = 33.75 mW

The maximum energy consumption in pulsed mode at Ti = Tpi will be calculated as follows:

Uo = Uomax = 60 V

Io = Iomax = 2.25 A

Tfs has no limit and fi = fiR = fiW

Pmax = Pinst / 2 = 67.5 W

The maximum power under the same conditions when Ti >> Tpi will be approximately:

Pmax = Pinst = 135 W

Due to its inertia, the human eye perceives light with a minimum pulse duration at frequencies above 25 Hz as continuous, creating low light (one basic pulse lasts 12.5 μs, and the human eye perceives ≈24-25 Hz, more precisely = 40 ms, which 3000 times slower). But for a plant, this type of light is photosynthetically active, taking into account its strength and, despite the short duration, so that such pulses have a proper effect on chlorophyll and other pigments. Existing modes of operation with low energy consumption in precisely defined spectra are intended primarily for the prevention of diseases and pathogenic factors, so that lighting can continue almost constantly (including when photosynthesis does not occur).

As you know, LEDs do not emit heat in the area of their direct influence, where they emit light (the exception is the use of infrared LED elements), however, on the back side, at the back of the device, there is a need to cool the lamps in accordance with the characteristics of the elements used, operating current and selected mode. However, conventional lamps heat up incomparably stronger than LED elements. For example, metal halide lamps heat up to 200-450 ° C when the light is on, while LEDs, depending on the type, can have a maximum operating temperature of 40-50 ° C. The maximum short-term heating temperature exceeds 100 ° C.

Taking into account temperature fluctuations in a protected environment, in order to preventive maintenance and ensure long and reliable operation of the lamps, the LED elements are cooled by circulating a mixture of air and CO ₂ / N through the main channel 8 and coaxial pipes in the racks 17 (PE-AI-PE), which installed equipment for power supply and transmission of control signals. This method of cooling was chosen due to the ability to simultaneously supply plants with CO ₂ , which occurs when there is no need for cooling. The air mixture with CO ₂ or N is supplied under low pressure (which is controlled by opening the valve 28 at the outlet of the tank 6 or by the speed of the fan 5). The mixture passes through the openings 19 in the lamp 7, located near the plants, and since the height of the lamp 7 is 1 meter and CO ₂ heavier than air, it is possible to ensure sufficient supply of plants CO ₂ . It should be noted that in the case when it is necessary to increase the intensity of the emitted light, additional cooling fans of lower power are built into the lamp.

Unlike many other lighting devices, LED elements emit more light at lower temperatures (normal value T = 25 ° C). In intensive plants for growing plants with a high coefficient of "number of plants / m ² ", where additional lighting is required, significant quantities of CO ₂ are also required, the concentration of which can be regulated in the manner described.

If necessary, thermal protection can also be provided, which works automatically from temperature sensors connected to the control device 3, which can equalize the parameters and unload the LED elements, lowering their temperature, by reducing the operating current. In fact, this feature is the second level of protection. It guarantees a long and safe operation of the device.

On Fig shows a lamp with improved characteristics for growing plants in a protected environment, which uses the same method of control, power supply and air supply for cooling through line 8, as for the described lamp 7. The lamp shown in Fig, differs from lamp 7 with its design. It has a different shape of the ceiling 14 and an integrated cooling deflector 35, which provides significantly greater stability of the desired operating temperature. The improved shape of the protective lamp 14 is a regular hexagonal pyramid. On its side surfaces mounted heat exchangers with LEDs 12 and cooling holes 31, evenly distributed along the joints of the side surfaces. The lampshade 14 of the lamp is mounted on the tubular stand 20 with a thread 32 and a half-sleeve 33. Inside it are the power supply cables and the cooling mixture. At the end of the base of the lampshade 14 there is a thread 34, with which a conical cooling deflector 35 is attached. Air holes 36 are symmetrically located on its surface. On the upper side of the lampshade 14 there is a cover 37 with a centrally located round hole 38. A round tube 39 of the next lamp support is inserted into this hole, if required taking into account the level height in the greenhouse. The pipe 39 is attached to the cover 37 (manufactured in two versions) with a thread 41 and a half-sleeve 33 through the cartridge 40. In the version without fans 42 (Fig. 9), the cover 37 is a flat hexagonal panel corresponding to the upper hole in the ceiling 14. With the inside the driver 27 is attached to it on the side, and the connector 29 is attached to the outside. Their functions are described in the previous lamp example. 9, the star-shaped configuration of the air holes 36 is clearly visible. In the second embodiment, the lamp in question (Fig. 10) has a cover 37, on which standard fans 42 are located with an offset of 120 degrees, drawing air from the lamp. The principle of operation of this lamp is the same as that of the previously described lamp 7, but a cooling deflector 35 has been added to improve the cooling of the LED elements 13. This circumstance can be very important in some lamp operating modes.

Using the same methods of organizing power supply, cooling and control and the same line 8 as in the previous examples, in another example of the invention, the author presented a lamp for growing plants in a protected environment using hydroponic technology at several levels. As can be seen in FIGS. 11 and 12, the lamp has an elongated ceiling 43 with a trapezoidal cross-section, attached to a tubular stand with a half-sleeve 44. Through it pass the power supply channels, transmit control signals and the pipe 45 for supplying the air mixture for cooling. LEDs 73 with ribbed heat exchangers are evenly distributed in two rows on the side surfaces of the ceiling, which allows them to be effectively cooled by air from fans 47 with a separate drive located at the ends of the ceiling 43. On the upper side of the ceiling 43 there is a narrow rectangular cover 48 that can be easily removed for inspection and service.

On Fig shows a multi-level structure 49, constructed of inclined and connected at the top of the racks 50 and horizontal crossbars 51 and 52. On the side surfaces at equal distances in height pass pipes 53, which contains hydroponic solution 54. The pipes 53 are mounted vertically passing across their tapes 55, which are located on inclined racks 50 of a multi-level structure 49 and fixed with screws 56. Covers 57 made of heat-insulating material, such as foam, with holes 58, are laid on pipes 53 They are located opposite the holes 59 on the pipes 53 with a liquid substrate 54. In Fig. 14, which illustrates the method of installing the lamp, it can be seen that the lamp 43 is oriented parallel to the pipes 53. The lamps are cooled, as in the previous examples, by the fan 5 through line 8, individually for each level emitted on the vertical pipes 60. Through these vertical pipes 60 pass channels with the wiring and air piping of the cooling system, where the air comes from the main fan. In this case, in the middle of level 49 there is a T-shaped distributor 61. Auxiliary channels and pipelines of the cooling system are located in pipes 62 and 63 symmetrically with respect to this distributor 61 on the left and right sides of level 49.

On Fig shows a glass or plastic greenhouse with three parallel levels 49. This example also illustrates the possibility of using parallel levels 49 for more efficient use of light, significant heat savings, efficient cooling of lamps and high levels of illumination with minimal shading of plants at a separate level 49.

On Fig shows an additional installation of selective sterilization, which includes a device 64, equipped with LEDs 66, capable of emitting waves in the ranges of UV-B and UV-C for sterilization of hydroponic solution 54. In this process, plants use hydroponic solution 54 for their growth. over time, it is necessary to enrich this solution with new nutrients and neutralize harmful microorganisms in it. Appropriate additives are introduced into the circulation circuit of the solution 54 using the pump 71. When the valves 69 are open, this solution first passes through the filter 70, filling the pipes 53 so as to ensure optimal plant nutrition. This installation can be performed as a solid and stationary inside the greenhouse or as an additional piece of equipment, which, if necessary, can be connected to the pipe 53 through the sleeve 65. The sterilization process is based on the action of ultraviolet LEDs 66 placed in a sealed ceiling. There is a tubular mirror zone 67, which increases the effect of the radiation of ultraviolet LEDs 66 on the flow of the solution 54.

Industrial applicability

The present invention gives a real opportunity, based on the characteristics given in this description, to obtain a positive effect in industrial and other approaches to the installation and use of LED lamps in growing plants in a protected environment.

Specialists in the relevant field of technology can easily make a lamp that is the subject of the invention, using this description and drawings.

Due to the ability to quickly assemble the lamp design from the finished components, the present invention is suitable for mass production, and testing batches of prototypes in a protected environment showed excellent results.

From the point of view of the intensity of lighting, the illuminated area and the level of energy consumption, this invention can be recommended for use, since the characteristics of the corresponding device are limited only by the electrical parameters (resistance, cross-section of the conductors) of the electrical equipment. An increase in the level of energy consumed in the electrical part of the device can be achieved by simply adding power plants, so that the total power at the input to the device is: Pu = nPe.j, where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, a Pe. j is the power of one power plant. This creates the prerequisites for using the energy of the sun and wind.

Claims (7)

1. A lighting device that provides a positive effect for growing plants in a protected environment, characterized in that it contains: a computer (1) with an interface (2), a control device (3), a power supply unit (4), at least one lamp (7 ), a fan (5) for cooling the LED elements and supplying CO ₂ or nitrogen (N) from the tank (6) connected via the corresponding line (8), and the lamp (7) consists of a stand (17) with a tubular connector (29) and supports (15) with a shade attached to it (14), in the center of the upper surface (21) which has an opening (22), moreover, LED elements (13) with LEDs (12) and heat exchangers, an LED driver (27), ventilation holes (19) and a connecting panel (25) are symmetrically located on the side surfaces, and the control device (3) consists of: module (9) for creating a basic sequence of rectangular pulses with a predetermined frequency and controlling their duration, that is, the signal / pause ratio; module (10) for determining the number of pulses corresponding to individual colors, and their position at time intervals Tfs and Tfp for the photosynthetic and phytoprophylactic spectra, as well as the base frequency fo radiation; and module (11) for manual mode selection and data entry. 2. A lighting device that provides a positive effect for growing plants in a protected environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, in another implementation, said at least one lamp has a ceiling (14) having the shape of an overturned hexagonal pyramid, inside of which there is a thread ( 34) a cooling deflector (35) is installed, with radial holes (31) and heat exchangers with LEDs (12) located on the side surfaces of the ceiling (14) in the form of a star, and holes (31) around the circumference of the deflector (35),In fact, the ceiling (14) is closed by a cover (37) with a driver (27) at the top, on which fans (42) may be located or may be absent, and in the center of the cover there is a round hole (38) for inserting a pipe (39), which serves as a support next lamp. 3. A lighting device that provides a positive effect for growing plants in a protected environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, in another implementation, said at least one lamp comprises an elongated shade (43) with a trapezoidal cross section, on the lower side of which a connector (44) is located through which the channels of power supply, transmission of control signals and air cooling pass, and on its sides, where heat exchangers with LEDs are installed, holes (72) are made for cooling reinforced by a side fan (47), the lighting device further comprising the following elements providing illumination and sterilization of the hydroponic solution: a processing device (64), a filter (70), LEDs emitting ultraviolet radiation in the ranges UV-B and UV-C, bushings (65) for connecting to the pipe (53), valves (65, 68) for regulating the flow of the solution (54) and a mirror zone (57) integrated into the main channel (8), and multi-level structures (49) are constructed of inclined and connected at the top of racks (50) and g rizontalnyh amplifiers (51, 52) on the side surfaces of which are arranged parallel to the horizontal pipe (53) covered with heat-insulating coating (57) with holes (58) which are located opposite the openings (59) on pipes (53). 4. A lighting device that provides a positive effect for growing plants in a protected environment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains several lamps, moreover, the operation of the lamps (7) in an automatic, software-controlled mode is provided using modules (9 ), generating signals, and modules (10) that regulate operating parameters. 5. A lighting device that provides a positive effect for growing plants in a protected environment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains several lamps, and the operation of the lamps (7) in semi-automatic - manual mode is provided using modules (9), generating signals, and modules (11) for manual mode selection and data entry. 6. A lighting device that provides a positive effect for growing plants in a protected environment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, in addition to preventive light exposure, phytosanitary protective treatment of the medium is carried out with careful selection of light radiation in spectrum and frequency using an adjustable a control device (3) that ensures the use of the corresponding spectrum separately or in combination with the spectra used for photosynthesis. 7. A lighting device that provides a positive effect for growing plants in a protected environment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for the effective chemical synthesis of organic substances, thermal radiation from infrared LEDs with a wavelength of more than 700 nm is periodically used, the operation of which is controlled by the device (3) or modules (9), (10) or (11).

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