SU1690611A1 - Device for optimizing photosynthesis of plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to devices for the automatic regulation of agricultural processes and can be used for growing seedlings in greenhouses and greenhouses. The aim of the invention is to optimize the photosynthesis of plants in protected ground by programmatically adjusting the air temperature and automatically varying the irradiation based on an algorithm that provides combinations of energy parameters that are favorable for photosynthesis. The device contains an indicator of the duration of irradiation, an actuator of the intensity of irradiation, a control unit, a measuring bridge, one arm of which is an irradiation scavenger, an amplifier-de modulator, a thyristor opening phase displacement unit, a pulse-phase control unit, a thyristor unit, irradiators, feedback resistor, nominal voltage adjuster, disconnecting unit. The daily temperature program is set and, when it is brought to the night mode, the irradiation temperature gradually decreases. 15 il. fe

Description

The invention relates to devices for the automatic regulation of agricultural processes and can be used for growing seedlings in greenhouses and greenhouses.

The aim of the invention is to optimize the photosynthesis of plants in protected ground by programmatically controlling the air temperature and automatically varying the irradiation based on the / 5f (ta, F) algorithm, which provides combinations of energy parameters that are favorable for photosynthesis.

FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of the device; in fig. 2 shows its schematic diagram; in fig. 3 shows a circuit diagram of an amplifier - demodulator; in fig. 4 is shown

block diagram of the pulse-phase control unit; in fig. 5 - functional diagram of the shutdown unit; fig-6 is its schematic diagram; in fig. 7 is a block diagram of a computing device; in fig. 8, 9 is a schematic diagram of the first and second analog-to-digital converters, respectively; in fig. 10 is a block diagram of a high-frequency pulse generator; in fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit, a synchronization signal source and an oscillating impulse generator, a pulse shaping unit; FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a pulse counter and a stalled high-frequency pulse generator; in fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a driver of opening pulses in FIG. 14 preO

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timing diagrams of the trigger pulse generator f3 (a), input voltage Uzt, Us2 analog-digital converters (b), reference voltage Uon analog-digital converters (c), output voltage UH of the integrator (d), reference frequency generator to (d), output signal fa analog-to-digital converter (e); in fig. 15 are graphs of the function / 3 of an advantageous combination of the energy parameters F3 and tB of plant photosynthesis.

A device for optimizing photosynthesis of plants contains an indicator 1 for the duration of irradiation, made in the form of a time relay with a daily program with engine 1i and contact 12, an actuator 2 for an intensity indicator, a control block, the first irradiation sensor 4, measuring bridge 5, one arm of which is a sensor 4 irradiation, the third leg is formed by resistors 51-5z, the fourth arm is formed by resistor 54, amplifier-demodulator 6. Thyristor opening phase shifter 7, pulse-phase control unit 8, thyristor block 9 91., .9b, irradiators 10, radiation intensity setting unit 11, minimum voltage setting unit 12, rheostat 13, feedback, consisting of resistors 13t, 132, 13z, which constitute the second arm of the measuring bridge 5, setting unit 14 nominal voltages, ballasts 15, disconnecting unit 16.

The actuator 2 of the irradiation intensity adjuster contains a micromotor 17 with windings 17i and 172 and a capacitance 18, the windings being included in the supply network through microswitches 19 and 20, and the shaft of micromotor 17 is kinematically connected to a movable output of an irradiator intensity adjuster 11 and to contacts of end microswitches 19 and 20, and the microswitches themselves are mounted with the possibility of movement around the axis of the shaft circumferentially and fixing in a predetermined position.

The control unit 3 consists of a turn-on relay 21, which is a time relay with a winding 211 and two contactors with a delay n with opening 212 and 21z, a relay 22 of the thyristor opening phase offset delay, which are a time relay with a winding 22i and a closing contact 222 (Fig. 10) with a delay tg in the circuit and an intermediate relay 23 with a winding 23i and closing contacts 232 ... 23.

The first irradiation sensor 4 is a photoresistor mounted at the level of plants in the greenhouse, which is affected by the amount of natural Fe (t) created by the sun, and

artificial Pu (Fe) created by irradiators, irradiations. It is made in the form of one of the arms of the measuring bridge 5 (Fig. 3) with an output of ± e.

Measuring bridge 5 has four

0 of the impedance arm, one of which is the first irradiation sensor 4, the diagonal of the power supply of which is connected to the alternating voltage source bV, and one output of the measuring diagonal p5 keys to the input of the rheostat 13 h feedback. The amplifier-demodulator 6 (FIG. 3) contains a power supply unit 24, a phase-sensitive amplifier .25, trigger nodes 26 and 27, as well as a relay 28 with a winding 28i and a closing contact 282 and a relay 29 with a winding 291 and a closing contact 292. Amplifier- The demodulator is a proportional regulator with a dead band, tuned by a hand resistor 13h.

The node 7 of the thyristor opening phase displacement is made in the form of a single-phase condenser micromotor, the reversing shaft of which is kinematically connected with the setting device 12 and the minimum and nominal voltage setting device 14, with the input of the pulse-phase control of opening the thyristors with a movable return terminal of the reverse resistor 13i

5 connection, while the winding 17t is connected in series with the setting device 12 by one output, the winding 172-with the setting device 14, and their second outputs are connected to block 7 (capacitor 7z), the outputs of which through the contacts

0 282 and 292 relays 28 and 29 of the amplifier-demodulators are connected to its power input, and the second terminals of the knobs 12 and 14 are connected to the zero bus.

Drive 2 setting 11 intensity

The 5 irradiation input is connected to the output of the drive control unit 30, which contains a third irradiation sensor 31, a temperature sensor 32 tu (t) and a computing device 33, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the irradiation sensor 31, sensor 32

0 of the greenhouse air temperature and with the power input of the control unit for the drive of the radiation intensity setting unit, whose technological inputs are the temperature tB (t), natural Fe (t) irradiation and artificial FM (Fe) irradiation.

Block 8 (FIG. 4) of the pulse-phase control contains a high-frequency pulse generator 34, three channels (by the number of phases) of thyristor control, each of

which contains the imaging unit 35 pulses and two uniducation imaging devices 36 and 37 opening pulses.

The irradiators 10, arc-shaped lamps, consist of a glass balloon, inside of which is placed a mercury-quartz burner (tube), filled with an inert gas with the addition of mercury. The inner wall of the balloon is coated with phosphor. The irradiators are connected to the network in series with the thyristors.

The radiation intensity setting unit 11 is a variable resistor connected in parallel with the resistor 52 of the measuring bridge arm 5. Its movable output is kinematically connected to the reversing output of the micromotor 17 of the radiation intensity setting unit 2.

The minimum and nominal voltage setters 12 and 14 are terminal microswitches with break contacts, kinematically connected with the reversible output of the thyristor opening phase shifter 7 micromotor.

The feedback rheostat 13 (FIG. 3) is a variable resistor 13i connected according to the potentiometer circuit parallel to the resistors 132 and 13z of the measuring bridge 5. The movable output of the resistor 13i is kinematically connected to the reversible output of the micromotor of the opening phase shifter 7, and the resistor is mounted for movement around the circumference of the shaft axis and fixing in a predetermined position.

The ballasts 15 are incandescent lamps connected in parallel to the irradiators 10, one for each phase.

The disconnecting unit 16 (FIGS. 5, 6) contains an output relay 16i with a winding 162 and a disconnecting contact 16z, a triac, connected to the phase voltage network in series with the winding 162, a stabilized power supply 39, a voltage divider 40.formed by a chain of resistors 40i ... 40s and the second irradiation sensor 40b, and the threshold element 41, while the source 39 of the stabilized power supply and the triac 38 are connected to the output of the regulator 12 for the duration of the irradiation, and one output of the stabilized power source 39 is connected to the input The second irradiation sensor 40e, the second (technological) input of which is natural Fe (t) irradiation, the second output of the stabilized power source is connected to the first input of the porous device 41, the second input of which is the output of the voltage divider 40, the output of the threshold device is connected to the second the input of the triac 38, and the terminals of the voltage divider 40 and the winding of the output relay 1b are connected to the neutral bus.

The power supply unit 24 of the amplifier module 6 (Fig. 3) contains diodes 241 ... 24b, a filter on capacitors 247 ... 24d and a 24y resistor, a signal lamp 24c and a transformer 24i2, the secondary windings of which serve as power sources for trigger nodes 26 and 27 (24 V), relays 28 and 29 (28 V) and measuring bridge 5 (6 V).

5 The phase-sensitive amplifier 25 is made of transistors 251. ,, 25z, capacitors 2J4 ... 258 and resistors 25g ... 25i4.

The trigger node 26 consists of transistors 26i and 262, resistors 2bz ... 26b. variable resistor 26 and capacitor 26c. The trigger node 27 consists of transistors 27i and 272, resistors 27z ... 27e, variable resistor 27 and capacitor 27s. The drive control unit 30 of the setpoint generator 11 includes the third irradiation sensor 31, the greenhouse air temperature sensor 32 and the computing device 33, the power input of which is the power input of the control unit 30 driving the unit 2 actuator, the second and third inputs are connected to the sensor outputs 31 and 32, respectively, and the technological inputs of block 30 are the inputs of sensors Pu (Fe), Fe (t) and tB (t), with the output

5 of the computing device 33, which is the output of the block 30, is connected to the input of the drive 2 of the radiation intensity setting unit.

The third irradiation sensor 31 is made

0 on solar cells, installed in a greenhouse at the plant level.

The sensor 32 of the greenhouse air temperature is a thermocouple, the hot junction of which is installed in the greenhouse at the plant level, and

5 cold junction is placed in a thermostat. The outputs U31 and U32 of sensor 31 and sensor 32 are photo-emf and thermopower, respectively.

Computing device 33 (Fig. 7)

0 contains a block of analog-to-digital converters 33i, including first and second analog-to-digital converters 42 and 43, respectively, generator 44 of reference frequency f0, generator 45 of triggering them5 pulses, source 46 of reference voltage Uon, computing unit 47, block 48 of comparison and switching Which, in turn, contains a digital comparator 49, the first and second transistor switches 50 and 51, the first and second relays 52 and 53 of the switch

an actuator of the intensity of irradiation with windings 52i and 53i and closing contacts 522 and 53a, with the output of the irradiation sensor 31 connected to the input of the first analog-to-digital converter, the output of the sensor 32 connected to the first input of the second analog-to-digital converter 43, second, third and fourth the inputs of analog-to-digital converters are connected to the outputs of the generator 44 of the reference frequency f0, the source 46 of the Don reference voltage and to the outputs of the generator 45 of trigger pulses, the output of the first analog-digital converter is connected the input of the comparison and switching unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second analog-digital converter 43 via the computing unit 47, the first and second inputs of the digital comparator (A and B) are connected to the corresponding inputs of the comparison and switching unit 48, the output QA in the digital comparator 49 through the first transistor switch 50i is connected to the input of the winding 522 of the first relay switching on the drive 2 of the radiation intensity setting device 11, the output of the coil 53i of the second relay through the second transistor switch 51 is connected to the output Od in the digital computer Rathore 49, second inputs of transistor switches 50 and 51 are connected to the supply input of the calculation unit 33, connected to the output setpoint 1 irradiation duration, contacts 522 and 532 relay drive incorporating ramp irradiating gap windings included in the power circuit of the actuator 2 micromotor ramp irradiation.

The high-frequency generator 34 (Fig. 10) of the pulses is formed by four circuits AND 341 ... 344 of one chip connected in series with each other, while the circuits And 34 h and 342 are covered by feedback with a capacity of 34s, the circuits AND H41 ... 34z are the reverse connection with a variable resistor 34b, the movable output of which is kinematically connected with the reverse output of the micromotor of the thyristor phase shift node 7, while the bristled portion of the resistor 34e is connected in parallel with the delay g delay / 2 of the relay 22 delay of the phase shift open thyristic s, the high-frequency output of the generator 34 is connected to the counting inputs of the counters 57 shestirazr dnyh pulse shapers 35 of all three phases.

The pulse generator 35 (FIG. 4) of the pulses of the pulsed-phase control unit 8 comprises a series-connected chip power supply 54, a synchronization signal source 55, a whip pulse generator 56, a pulse counter 57 and a braked high-frequency pulse generator 58, and the high-frequency pulse 34 output 57 pulse formers of each of phases A, B, C are connected to the counting input of the counters. The output of each imaging unit 35 and 0 pulses is connected to the inputs of the imaging unit 36 and 37 opening pulses, the second odes are connected with line terminals A, B and C phase current source, and outputs - to the gate electrodes

5 pairwise anti-parallel connected thyristors 9i and 92 (pins a, b), 9z and 94 (pins c, d) and 9s and 9e (pins e, f) via the contacts -232 ... 23 relays 23. Conclusions g, 3 and are connected to the points of thyristor connection with irradiators 10 and 1 with ballast resistances 15.

The formers 36 and 37 (Fig. 13) of the opening pulses are constructed according to the same scheme, including the pulse transformer 5, the matrix 36i (371) and the transistor 362 (372). The primary winding 1 is shunted by the resistor Zbz (37z) and diode 364 (374) connected in series to the collector circuit of the transistor 362 (372), the output of which

0 and the windings 1 of the pulse transformer are connected to the positive terminal of the rectifier bridge circuit 542. The winding If of a pulse transformer is shunted by a 36s (37V) resistor and a Zbe LED

5 (37e), parallel to them, through a diode 36 (37), a capacitor 36a (37e) is connected, the outputs of which are connected to the thyristors block 9. Parallel to the base-emitter transition of the transistor 362 (37a), the Zb resistor is turned on

0 (37e). The transistor bases are connected to the outputs of the synchronization signal source 55 (second pins of the diodes 554 and 55s, respectively), and through the capacitor Zby (37th) to the output of the decelerated generator 58 of high-frequency 5 pulses.

The source 39 of the stabilized power supply of the disconnecting unit 16 is formed by a diode 39i, capacitors 392, 39z. resistor 394 and zener diodes 39s and 39e.

0 The voltage divider 40 consists of a constant resistor 40i, a variable resistor 402 and a potentiometer 40z connected in series with each other and to the source 39 of a stabilized power supply. Parallel to this chain, a second is connected, formed by a variable resistor 404, a constant resistor 40s and a photoresistor 40e (second irradiation sensor), one output of which is connected to the output of a constant resistor 40i and a series resistor 40s connected to it, the second output of which connected to the movable output of the potentiometer 40z.

The threshold element 41 includes single-transistors 411 and 412, thyristor 41z, capacitors 414 ... 41. resistors 41v ... 4122, diodes 4123-4125. The threshold element is powered by a current from the source 39 of a stabilized power supply, the control output of the divider through the resistor 41 is connected to the base of the transistor 411, the output of the transistor to the control input of the triac 38 through the thyristor 41z and the resistors 41 and 41 c.

Analog-to-digital converters 42 (Fig. 8) and 43 (Fig. 9) are similar in design and contain a switch 421 (43i), a constant resistor 422 (432), a capacitor 42z (43z), an integrator 424 (434), the second switch 42s (43s), comparison element 42e (43e), control device 42 (43), AND circuit 42s (43s), pulse counter 42d (43e) and memory 42nd (43rd) and represent digital voltmeters, analog inputs Uai and U32 which come from the outputs of the sensors 31 and 32, and the outputs are connected to the input A of the digital comparator 49 and to the input of the computing unit 47, respectively. The output Uai of the third irradiation sensor 31 is through a switch 421, a resistor 422 is connected to the inputs of a capacitor 42z, an integrator 424, a switch 42s, the outputs of which are connected to the input of the comparison element 42e, one output of which is connected to the housing, the second to the first input of the control device 42, the second the input of which is connected to the output of the f-5 trigger generator 45 third to the first output of pulse counter 42, the first output of control device 42 is connected to the key 42, the second to the key 424, the third to the first input of circuit 42B, the second input of which is out d the generator 44 of the reference frequency fo the output of the circuit I is connected to the first input of the pulse counter 42d, the second input of which is connected to the fourth output of the control unit 42 to which the first input of the memory 42 o is connected, its second input is connected to the second output of the counter 42e of the pulses, and the output of the storage device 42 th is connected to the input of the computing unit 49.

The internal connections of the elements of the second analog-to-digital converter 43 are similar to those discussed above.

The generator 44 of the reference frequency f0. the f3 trigger pulse generator 45 and the reference voltage source Uon 46 are made on serial microcircuits. All ICs are powered from

the source 54 (feeding SP.pty micros um not shown in the drawing)

The power supply source 54 (FIG. 11) of the microcircuit consists of a transformer 541 psr-5 primary winding I of which is connected to a 220 V phase voltage network. The secondary winding II is removed from the secondary voltage II to the rectifier bridge 542. Rectified voltage

0 is supplied to the filter formed by resistor 54z and capacitors 544 and 54s. At the output of the power supply of the microcircuit, a zener diode 54b is connected.

The source 55 (Fig. 11) of the synchronization signal contains resistors 55i, 552 and 55z. the node point of connection of which is connected to the input of the generator 56 zeroing pulses, the second terminals of the resistors 551 ... 53z - to the negative terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit 54a, to the negative terminals of the diodes 554 and 55s, respectively, and the positive terminals of the diodes are connected to the first the inputs of the formers 36 and 37 opening impulses 5 owls.

The generator 56 (Fig. 11) of the zeroing pulses is based on transistors 561 and resistor 562, while the collector is connected to the + 9 V terminal through resistor 562, and

0 emitter - with output - 9 V of power supply source 54. The collector of the transistor 56i is connected to the first and second inputs of the pulse counter 57.

A counter 57 (FIG. 12) of six-bit pulses, a binary one, consists of a 57h counter and a memory node on elements 572 and 57z made on one chip, pin 5 of which is connected to the generator output 56 of the 0 импуль pulses. The counting input S of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency generator of 34 pulses, the output of the pulse counter 57 of the pulses is connected to the input of the braked generator of the high-frequency pulses,

5 A braked generator 58 (FIG. 12) of high-frequency pulses is built on logic circuits And 58i ... 584 of one chip, with the circuits being connected in series one to another, the first - the third of

0 they are covered by negative feedback, in parallel with the circuit 582 a capacitor 58s is connected. The input of the braked high-frequency pulse generator is the output of the pulse counter 57, and the output is connected to the inputs of the drivers 36 and 37 of the opening pulses.

A device for optimizing the photosynthesis of plants works as follows.

The duration of switching on and off the artificial irradiation is set by setting the program of the setting device 1 with the readout of the program for changing the air temperature in the greenhouse. At the same time, the transition from nighttime to daytime continues for at least 1 hour with non-operating artificial irradiation, which prevents the formation of dew inside the greenhouse or greenhouse. Before the temperature is output, day 1 closes contact 1a and remains closed for the entire daylight hours, ensuring the supply voltage to all elements of the device control circuits. In this case, the winding of the switch-on relay 21 is energized and the voltage is applied to the winding 231 of the intermediate relay 23, the winding 221 of the relay 22 of the thyristor phase shift delays, the irradiation intensity control unit 30, the amplifier-demodulator 6, the micromotor of the phase 7 shift of the open phase thyristors and block 16 off.

The closure of the contacts 21g and 21z includes the winding of the intermediate relay 23 and the winding 221 of the thyristor opening phase shift relay. When the relay 21 is turned on, the motor 221 drives the cam device of the contact drive 22g, which, at the end of the delay t, closes, including the 8 mm pulsed-phase control system. The delay time n is set manually, and its duration is chosen equal to or longer than the warm-up and start-up time of the irradiators 10, which is specified by their technical characteristics.

At the moment of switching on the device, the irradiation sensor 4 acts only naturally, from the sun, Fe (t) irradiation, since irradiators are heated and Pu (Fe) is not irradiated. If the natural irradiation corresponds to the preset setting unit 11, then the output ± Ј of the measuring bridge 5 is zero and no signal is received to the transistor 251 of the phase-sensitive amplifier, and the motor of the thyristor opening phase shifting unit 7 does not work. If the irradiation differs from the one set by the setting device 11, the equilibrium of the measuring bridge 5 is disturbed by changing the resistance of sensor 4 by an amount, a ± ± signal appears at the output of the measuring bridge 5, the sign of this signal corresponds to the direction of irradiation deviation (higher or lower than the specified).

The unbalance voltage of the measuring bridge 5 is applied between the emitter and the base of the transistor 251 of the first stage of the amplification of the phase-sensitive amplifier 25. At the same time the unbalance current of the measuring bridge 5 flows through part of the feedback resistor 13i, i.e., and the base of the transistor 25i is applied voltage (signal) distinguished

from the voltage of the unbalance of the measuring bridge to the magnitude of the voltage drop across the resistor 13i. During operation of the device, the magnitude of the voltage drop varies with phase

opening the thyristors, since the movable lead of the resistor 13i moves synchronously with the movable lead of the resistor 34e of the system 8 of pulsed-phase control. When meter bridge 5 is balanced, transistor 25i is in the open state. The capacitors 2bb and 278 are charged, maintaining at the output of the voltage divider via the resistors 26s, 26b and 26s, 27s, 27e and 27t constant potentials. To bases

transistors 26g and negative bias are applied, so they are in the open state, and transistors

261 and 27i - in the closed state, relays 28 and 29 are not powered. With a signal

The imbalance ± e of the input voltage in one half period remains the same, while the other is opposite. Therefore, & one half period of the transistor 251 remains open and closes in the other.

An open transistor transmits current into the circuit that is connected by the collector to the currently negative potential of the winding on the power supply unit 24. In the other circuit, the current is missing both half-periods, since the conductive polarity of the power supply coincides in time with the closed state of the transistor, and the open state of the transistor is non-conductive with respect to the transistor.

power source.

The output voltage of the first circuit will continue to keep open the transistor 262 (or 272), and the output voltage of the second circuit will become close to zero, which will lead to the overturning of the trigger node 26 (or 27). As a result the transistor

262 shuts down, and transistor 26i opens (or transistor 272 closes, and transistor

271 will open) depending on the direction of irradiation from the target. When opened, transistor 26i (27i) triggers relay 28 (29). Contacts 282 (292), triggered alternately with each

changing the sign of the imbalance of the measuring bridge 5, reverses the micromotor of the displacement unit 7, which leads to the displacement of the moving pin of the resistor 34b. When the moving output of the variable

the resistor 34e to the end position, the micromotor of the node 7 is disconnected by the opening contacts of the setting units 14 and 12 of the nominal and minimum voltages. The magnitudes of these voltages are adjusted by moving the microswitches 12 and 14 themselves and fixing them in the desired position.

When the reversive micromotor of the node 7 for shifting the thyristor opening phase, i.e., when the phase of their opening is changed, the shaft rotates, the moving output of the feedback resistor 13i is connected kinematically. At the same time, a change in the resistance of the resistor 34b, accompanied by a change in the opening phase of the thyristors, and due to this, a change in the voltage at the terminals of the irradiators causes a change in the magnitude of the total irradiation, which is accompanied by a change in the resistance of the irradiation sensor 4 included in one of the arms of the measuring bridge 5 A simultaneous change in the resistance of the resistor 134, included in the adjacent arm of the measuring bridge 5, provides the balance of the measuring: - / at the moment when the total exposure is sufficient. Gaeta value setter 11 a predetermined irradiation intensity. Each specific value of irradiation will correspond to a certain position of the movable output of the resistor 34b. Any deviation of the total irradiation from the given one triggers the micromotor of the displacement unit 7 in the direction in which the measuring bridge 5 is balanced and the desired irradiation is maintained. Thus, the device is in the following mode.

The adjustment range corresponding to the extreme positions of the moving lead of the resistor 13i is adjusted manually by the resistor 13z.

Pulse-phase control of opening the thyristors is carried out as follows. Negative half-cycles of alternating current from the output of the winding II of the transformer 50i arrive at the base of transistor 362 of each of the pulse formers, closing them alternately. The base of the transistor 56i receives positive half cycles of the pulsating voltage from the same winding with a double frequency. Narrow rectangular pulses arising at the moments when the mains voltage approaches zero are fed to the input of a six-bit binary counter 57i when it is zeroed at the beginning of each half-period and at the same time turn on the PM node on the elements 572, 57з

High-frequency pulses or 34 pulses of a high-frequency generator are fed to the counting input of the counter 57i. After a count of 26 64 pulses, a logical 1 signal appears on the counter, which switches the memory node. As a result, the output of element 57z establishes the value of logical 1, which allows the inhibited generator 58 to operate (elements 58i ... 534). The generator operates regardless of the further state of the counter.

5 collector transistor 56i. The pulses of this 6 kHz oscillator are shortened to 150 µs using the differentiating circuit R36g IU to unload the power amplifier, made on the transistor 362. When

In this case, the pulses acquire a pulsed optimum for controlling shape: a steep front and a gentle decline.

Shortened pulses only enhances. that amplifier, on the basis of which transistor

5, there is no closing negative voltage of the diodes 554 and 55s. Therefore, of the two oppositely connected thyristors 9i, 9z or 9z, 94, or 9s, 9b, the one with which

0 half period the voltage on the anode is positive with respect to the cathode. At the end of the half cycle, one of the thyristors closes in the next half cycle of the mains voltage and another of the thyristor pairs opens.

In order to protect against the electromotive force of self-induction of the windings of the pulse transformers 36i, they are shunted: the primary is the Zbz diode circuit, the Zbz resistor;

0 is secondary - the circuit has a resistor 36s, a Zbb LED, which indicates that the control channel is healthy. A diode 36 and a Zbv capacitor from a bundle of high-frequency pulses form a single pulse with a high-frequency component, which ensures reliable switching on of the thyristors with an individual load characteristic. The duration of the pulses is equal to the duration of the open state of the thyristors, which excludes their spontaneous switching on with the intermittent nature of the load current, which is typical of gas discharge lamps.

Moving the movable output of the resistor 34b from the leftmost position to the rightmost position when the micromotor of the thyristor opening phase shifting unit 7 is operating, the opening angle of the thyristors varies from 90 ° to zero, and the voltage at the terminals of the irradiators varies from 110 to 220 and the value of nominal and minimum voltage Zheniyakh are set by peremeshchenie presetchiki 14 and 12 and fixing them in a given position, based on the technical characteristics of the irradiators.

When applied to irradiators 10 of a nominal voltage of 220 V, an arc discharge in mercury vapor arises in the tube, creating intense ultraviolet radiation, which, acting on the phosphor of the balloon, is converted to visible light. To start the arc irradiators, a standard ballast, The start-up process lasts until complete evaporation of mercury for 10 ... 15 min at nominal voltage, after which the discharge between the electrodes becomes stable and is accompanied by nominal light output. At voltages below the nominal, irradiators do not start (arc discharge does not occur). After start-up, irradiators can operate at a voltage lower than the nominal voltage up to 15%, while the power and radiation consumed by them are reduced from 100 to 50%. Since under reduced voltage, starting up the irradiators is impossible, regardless of the commands coming from sensor 4, the unit 8 of the pulse-phase control of the thyristor opening phase offset delay contact 222 opens for the entire start time of the irradiators 10, the resistor 34e is fully turned on, the thyristor opening phase becomes zero and a nominal voltage is applied to the irradiators.

By the time the contact 222 closes, the irradiation sensor Fe (t) and Pu (Fe) acts on the irradiation sensor 4, therefore, at the command of the amplifier-demodulator 6, the movable output of the variable resistor 34e moves to a position at which the unit 8 of the pulse-phase control provides the highest value of artificial irradiation. Since contact 22a is open, these commands do not arrive at thyristors 9i .., 96. After the contact 22g is opened, a transient process begins and the thyristors are outputted to open at such a phase that will provide the total exposure set by the setting device 11.

If the established mode occurs at a nominal voltage, the movement of the movable output of the resistor 34e is stopped, as the movement of the micromotor shaft of the thyristor opening phase shifter 7 contact 14 of the nominal voltage setter opens the microswitch and the resistor is protected from damage. The second extreme position of the movable output of this resistor is limited by the position of the setting device 12.

With a further increase in the natural irradiation and operating at the minimum voltage of the irradiators, the total irradiation of Fe (t) and Pu (Fe) will exceed the value specified by the unit 11. In this case, tripping unit 16 is activated, the sensor 40e of which controls natural irradiation. When it reaches a predetermined value, the photoresistor 40e changes its resistance so much that the voltage drop across it exceeds the response threshold of transistor 411, from 5 the transistor 41z is hidden and held in this state by a constant anode current. This current causes unlocking of the simulator 38 and contact 16z de-energizes the turn-on coil 211. As a result, relays 22 and intermediate relay 23 are disconnected, since contacts 212 and 21 are open after the expiration of r. Contacts 232 ... 23 are opened, breaking the circuit a ,,, e of the control electrodes of thyristors 91 ... 9b and illuminators 10 are disconnected from the mains.

The opened thyristor 41 C through the resistors 41 and 4111 reduces the threshold of the transistor 411, which creates a dead zone between the operation

0 relay 16i. As long as the voltage drop across the photoresistor 40e is above the threshold of the transistor 41i, the capacitor 414 will be periodically charged and discharged. Via resistor 4120

5, each half cycle is charged by the capacitor 41 discharging between the triggers of the transistor 411 and the resistor 41d through the cathode, the control electrode of the triac 38 and the resistor 41c.

0 The constant time of the R41ie C414 chain is almost two orders of magnitude shorter than the constant time of the R41ie C41u chain, and the threshold of the transistor 411 to be applied by means of a voltage divider on the resistors 41 ig and

5,4121 is set to be obviously smaller than the release threshold of the transistor 411, set by potentiometer 40z. Until the capacitor 41 is periodically charged, transistor 412 is not opened.

0 When the voltage drop across the photoresistor 40e drops below the threshold for opening the transistor 411, the capacitor 41 stops charging. As soon as it is discharged by an amount equal to the threshold

5 of the transistor 412, the latter is unlocked, the current pulse passes, the charging capacitor 414, the latter is unlocked, the current pulse passes, the charging capacitor 41. Due to the voltage drop across the resistor 41 and the voltage on the capacitor 41, the thyristor 41z is closed. The triac 38 also closes, disconnecting the relay Ibi, F, cutting the opened transistor 412 and diode 4124, the resistor 4120 flows the current holding the transistor 412 in an open state, and the capacitor 41 remains charged.

When the thyristor 41c is reopened through diode 4123, the emitter-base of transistor 412 is shunted and the latter is closed, and diode 4124 is closed by the potential at the emitter of transistor 412. Since the threshold is unlocked by transistor 412 by connecting voltage to the divider of resistors 41ch, 4121 always less than the threshold of the transistor 411, the diode 4124 is locked and the transistor 41a does not work, the Resistor 41c provides thermal compensation of the threshold, and the capacitor 41e increases the noise immunity of the circuit.

The setting of the disconnecting unit 16 for a specific photoresistor 40e is carried out by successively changing the resistances 402 and 40s when setting the setting unit (potentiometer 40z) of the irradiation to the minimum and maximum values for the resistance values of the second sensor 40e corresponding to these irradiations. The value of the required irradiation is adjusted by the potentiometer 40z. insensitivity variable resistor 41 tz. The value of the irradiation of the RE, at which the irradiators 10 are disconnected, is selected and adjusted so that when the irradiators 10 are disconnected, they are not switched on again due to a sudden change in the total irradiation, which excludes auto-oscillations during operation of the device.

Reducing the natural exposure in the second half of the day leads to the re-activation of the irradiators after the operation of the relay 16i in the reverse order of that described.

False triggers of the device during short-term increases in natural exposure, which can occur during cloud breaks, lightning flashes, etc., are eliminated by the delay of switching on relay 21, which, regardless of the trip command received on winding 21i, does not open contacts 212 and 21z . They are opened if the increased total exposure remains longer than the delay time n.

The combination of irradiation of Fe (t) and Pu (Fe) as a function of the temperature tB (t) of the greenhouse air, which is favorable for photosynthesis / 3 plants, is provided by the operation of the control unit 30 for the drive 2 of the irradiator 11 as follows.

The current value of the tn air temperature of the greenhouse by the temperature sensor 32 is converted into an analog signal 1) s2 (thermoEMF), which is fed to the input of the second analog-to-digital converter 43 (Fig. 9). The back edge of the pulse of the generator 46 of the driving pulses (time t2. Fig. 15) closes the switch 43i and through the resistor 432 to the integrator 434, the capacitor 43z flows the charge current. The conversion of thermopower to its proportional time

5, the interval Tx is carried out by integrating first the thermopower, and then the reference voltage Don. In the first cycle, during the time Ti, the thermoEMF is integrated, as a result of which the voltage at the integrator 434 output is equal to t Un (t)

G and ,, nt - U32T J U32 01 - D. „G,„

one

R432C433 5R432C433

where R432 C43z is the integrator time constant;

Ti is the integration time;

Кз2 - current value of thermoEMF.

During the second cycle it is integrated

Q is the reference voltage U0n of source 46, which has the opposite polarity U32. After starting up the control unit 43, the counter 43e and the storage unit 43y receive a signal setting them

c in the initial (zero) state. At time t2, a signal is supplied from the control unit, which the key 43s opens, and the key 43i sets to position 1 when thermoEMF is applied to the input of the integrator 434.

e Klyuch 431 is in position 1 for a time Ti, with the voltage Ui increasing to the final value. At time t2, a signal is supplied to one of the inputs of the circuit 43a from the device 43, from which the output of the circuit I to the input of the counter 37d is pulsed from the generator 44 of the reference frequency f0 fed to the second input of the circuit 43c. The counting of these pulses goes until the counter is completely filled. The counter has four decades, therefore, up to 104 pulses are counted. After the 9999 pulses are registered in the counter, the decimal pulse returns it to its initial state and from the last decade to the device 43

5, an overflow signal is given, by which the key 43i is set to position 2. During the T interval, the state of the counter is not transferred to the memory. When the key 43i switches to position 2 (time TZ), to the input of the integrato F3

pa is applied to the reference voltage Uon. The second cycle of the analog-to-digital converter begins, when the voltage at the integrator output begins to decrease. Moment u 0 determines the comparison device 43c. The control unit 43s removes the signal from the circuit 43B and the pulses from the generator 44 of the reference frequency fo are not fed to the counter 43e. The number of pulses counted by a counter in the interval Tx t4 - t3 is proportional to 11–2. It is fixed in the memory unit 43 and is fed to the input of the computing unit 47.

Computing unit 47 calculates the value of irradiation P3, at which there is a favorable combination of energy factors of ultrasound for photosynthesis of plants according to the algorithm

  ta (t) -lntB0-lntB (skh)

| P tn ("X)

where Tr is the irradiation constant, defined graphically (Fig. 15);

te (t) is the value of the greenhouse air temperature measured by sensor 32;

1VL- is the air temperature of the greenhouse corresponding to the initial zero conditions at which the favorable combination of energy parameters requires an increase in F (point a in Fig. 15);

tf4ooj is the limiting value of air temperature at which an increase in irradiation F is not accompanied by an increase in photosynthesis.

The current value of the total irradiation Fe (t) and FM (Fe) is measured by the irradiation sensor 31 and the photo-emf-Oz is fed to the input of the first analog-to-digital converter operating as described, and the output is fed to the first input A of the digital comparator 49, to the second input B which the output of the computing unit 47 enters. Thus, the digital comparator 49 compares the calculated irradiation value P3 with its current value. As a result of comparing these values, one of the two outputs appears: QA в, if the current value of the irradiation F exceeds the calculated one, or the output at the inverse ratio of the values of F and P3. In the presence of a digital comparator output, a transistor switch 50 is started, which turns on the setpoint 1 of the power supply of the relay 52 to turn on the drive of the setpoint intensity generator and the latter moves the mobile output of the setpoint 11 in the direction that brings the total irradiation of plants in accordance with the calculated value P3.

In the presence of a digital comparator output, the transistor switch 51 and the relay 53 for switching on the drive of the radiation intensity setting device work in a similar way

By this, the movable terminal of the setting device 11 moves in the opposite direction.

The end positions of the movable output of the intensity setpoint resistor 11 are limited by the end microswitches 19 and 20.

At the end of the daily temperature program and when it is brought to the night mode, the irradiation gradually decreases in accordance with the above algorithm.

calculating F3, and by lowering it below the threshold value, the irradiators 10 are turned off by the threshold device 16, and the unit 1 of the irradiation duration turns off all elements of the control circuits

from the power source, which is ensured by setting the program of the setpoint generator 1 for the duration of irradiation.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula Device for optimizing photosynthesis of plants, containing a unit for the duration of irradiation, the output of which is connected to the first input of the amplifier - demodulator and the first input of the unit control, while the latter contains a turn-on relay, a thyristor opening phase shift delay relay and an intermediate relay, the first inputs of which are combined and are the first input of the unit control, and the second input of the intermediate relay is the second input of the control unit and the first output of the pulse-phase control unit, the second output of which is connected to the inputs of the feeds, with the inputs of the ballasts and the output of the thyristor unit, whose input is connected to the output of the intermediate relay, the third input of the latter connected to the first output of the switching relay, and the second the output of the enable relay is connected to the second input of the thyristor open-phase delay relay, the output of which is connected to the first input of the pulsed-phase control unit, and the second input of the latter is connected to the output of the thyristor phase shift bias node, kinematically connected with the nominal voltage sensor and the minimum voltage generator, the input of the minimum voltage generator connected to the output of the first relay of the amplifier module, which is the first output of the latter, and the output of the controller the rated voltage is connected to the output of the second relay of the amplifier-demodulator, which is the second output the amplifier module, while the power inputs of the first and second relays are connected to the first input of the amplifier module and the power supply unit, the first output of which is connected to the power inputs of the phase-sensitive amplifier, the first and second trigger nodes, and the outputs of the latter are connected to the inputs the first and second relays, respectively, the first and second inputs of the phase-sensitive amplifier are connected to the inputs of the first and second trigger nodes, respectively, and the second power supply output of the power supply unit is connected to the power input of the measuring the bridge, in which the first arm of the irradiation sensor is connected, and parallel to the third arm, the irradiation intensity adjuster is connected, kinematically connected with the reversible output of the actuator of the irradiation intensity regulator, while the actuator of the actuator is equipped with the first and second final microswitches of the reversible micromotor, and the mains supply wire is connected to the pulse-phase control unit, and the null bus is connected to the corresponding terminals of the end microswitches, ballasts and the delay relay with In addition to opening the thyristors, the phase shifting node of the thyristors and the power supply unit, the feedback rheostat is kinematically connected to the output of the thyristor opening phase shifting node, and the output terminal is connected to the input of the measuring bridge, one arm of which contains series-connected constant and variable non-uniformity zone setting resistors connected in parallel with the feedback rheostat, with the output of the measuring bridge being connected to the input of the phase-sensitive amplifier via a return-resistor connection, disconnecting the unit, the input is connected to the output of the actuator of the duration of irradiation, and the output to the second input of the enable relay, the zero bus of the power supply network connected to the corresponding terminal of the disconnecting unit, the disconnecting unit contains a triac, a voltage divider, an output relay, a threshold element and a second irradiation sensor connected to a voltage divider connected to a power source, the first output of the threshold element is connected to the output of the voltage divider, and the output of the threshold element is connected to the control As a triac input connected through the output relay coil to the auxiliary output of the irradiation duration setter, which is connected to the power source, and the zero pigment bus is connected to the corresponding outputs of the triac and output relay coil, the pulse-phase control unit for opening the thyristors containing three driver channels impulses connected to the zero bus and the phase bus of the power supply network, two shapers of opening pulses for each phase of the power supply network and a high-frequency impulse generator In this case, the linear terminals of each phase are connected to the first inputs of the opening pulse drivers, to the feed inputs, to the ballast resistance and to the outputs of the thyristor unit, and the second inputs to the opening pulse drivers are connected to the outputs of the pulse driver, and the outputs of the pulse driver are through the intermediate relay contacts are connected to the control inputs of the corresponding thyristors, and the first input of the pulse-phase control unit is connected to the first input of the high-frequency imp pulses, the second input of which is connected to the second input of the pulse-phase control unit, the output of the high-frequency pulse generator is connected to the inputs of the forms; pulse generators, each of which is equipped with series-connected power sources, synchronization signal sources, zeroing pulse generators, pulse counters and decelerated high-frequency pulse generators, while the power terminals of the pulse formers are connected to a power source, the output of the high-frequency pulse generator is connected to the pulse counter inputs of all three channels, and the outputs of the inhibited generators of high-frequency pulses are connected to the second outputs of the form pulses, the generator of high-frequency pulses are made in the form of four consecutively connected circuits AND, the first and second of them being covered by capacitive feedback, and the first, second and third - by feedback, made in the form of a variable resistor, the moving output of which is kinematically associated with the reverse output of the micromotor of the phase-shifting node of the thyristors, and parallel to the movable output of the variable resistor and its output associated with the output of the first logic circuit I. it is turned on with a delay when closed And the contact of the thyristor phase shift delay delay relay, characterized in that, in order to optimize the photosynthesis of plants in protected ground by programmatically adjusting the air temperature and automagically varying the irradiation based on the algorithm f (to. F), in which a combination of energetic parameters favorable for photosynthesis is provided, further comprises a control unit for driving the irradiation intensity setter, comprising a third irradiation sensor, a greenhouse air temperature sensor, and a computing device containing first and second analog-to-digital converters, a reference frequency generator , a trigger pulse generator, a voltage source, a computing unit, a comparison and switching unit, containing a digital compiler, the first and second transistor switches and the first and second relays for switching on the drive of the irradiation intensity adjuster; when ego the feed input of the actuator of the irradiation intensity adjuster is connected to the output of the irradiation duration adjuster through the relay for activating the actuator of the irradiation intensity, the first inputs of the first and second analog-digital converters The second, third, and fourth inputs are connected to the outputs of the irradiation and temperature sensor, respectively, to the outputs of the reference frequency generator, the trigger pulse generator, and the reference voltage source, respectively, the output of the first analog-digital converter connected to the first input of the comparison and switching unit, the second input of which connected to the output of the second analog-to-digital converter through a computing unit, the first and second inputs of the comparison and switching unit are connected to the corresponding inputs of the digital The comparator, the first and second outputs of which through the first and second transistor switches, the power inputs of which are connected to the power input of the irradiation intensity adjuster, are connected to the inputs of the windings of the first and second relays of the actuator of the radiation intensity regulator; drive unit of intensity of irradiation 0F N FIG. 2 28 i 25j 26z t M y 28g L-oatQ 268 26 6- 267 $ 15 25h Sh 1 i / i p .. but , J 25; with 15" Iz & 25, rYVs TO  L J 2 /one PJ l .J (222) 55j- 55 b MH rHJzro v w 55 - J6 | - jj7h- 5S 0ag.4 zfft) v4--4; w-mf-i-js- “w} ifcv; -H38J-h s2 P eight -35 -7 rH "bUff i g. s2 P Fzg #N Fig 6 (W 52, Q-gpf 1190691 D 11 (36) GSHD J / 7 (57) JO J2 ty, FIG. ten 5B .7, tl I YU 13 P 58 eleven (35) 07) FIG. 12 t  IT v f -QJ CO with M td () Fa./5