RU2362883C2 - Rotary-vane engine and conversion machinery of vibrational-angular movement of rotor into rotation of output shaft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mechanical engineering field, particularly to internal combustion engines. Rotary-vane engine is provided for operation in the capacity of internal combustion engine and contains immovable case with crosspieces, inner cavity of which is formed by body of revolution, rotor with blades, co-axial to inner cavity of case, inlet and exhaust valves, the latter of which are located on case, conversion mechanism of vibrational-angular motions of rotor, system of starting, coal-handling, lubrication and sealing. Exhaust valves are installed inside the crosspieces' cavities, and inlet valves - on hollow blades of rotor and are implemented in the form of throttle blades, deviating around axis, fixed on rotor's blacket and allowing sealing of sealing lathes and labyrinth seal on butt edges of throttle blades. Rotor is implemented with ability of vibrational-angular motions in sector limited by crosspieces of case. Air intake is implemented through hollow rotor, hollow blades of rotor and inlet valves.

EFFECT: it is reduced heat load of engine nodes, increased its durability and usage of capacity of chambers by actuating medium, it is provided ability of operation with any kind of fuel.

5 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to internal combustion engines, air motors, compressors, pumps and other devices.

The closest technical solution to the technical nature and the technical result achieved, selected as a prototype for the first claimed device, is a reciprocating reciprocating internal combustion engine and a mechanism for converting the pendulum movements of the blades-pistons (RU Application No. 2004136086/06, IPC F02B 53/00 (2006.01 )).

The piston pendulum internal combustion engine contains a stator cylinder with baffles, inside of which there is a shaft with piston-blades, side walls adjacent to the piston-blades and forming airtight chambers with variable volumes, and a mechanism for converting the pendulum movements of the piston-blades into the rotational movement of the flywheel. The piston blades have cavities for supplying coolant. The cavities of the piston blades through the shaft channels are connected to the cylinder cooling system with the ability to automatically control the amount of liquid supplied to cool the cylinder and piston blades depending on the engine operating mode. The mechanism for converting the pendulum movements of the piston-blades into the rotational movement of the flywheel contains a gear mounted on a shaft with piston-blades of the internal combustion engine, two gears having a limited number of teeth on a part of their perimeter and periodically engaging with the gear. One of the gears is connected to the flywheel. Gears outside the zone of the width of the gear ring have a total number of teeth and are in constant engagement with each other.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the complexity of the design of the nodes and the device as a whole, the heat stress of the rotor and blades, the low filling of the chambers with a working fluid, the fragility of the seals and the device as a whole, as well as the inability to work on any type of fuel.

The closest technical solution to the second claimed technical solution, selected as a prototype, is the power mechanism (RU 2292462 C1, 01.27.2007, F01C 1/063).

The power mechanism is installed in the housing and is made in the form of a crank-slide mechanism containing a slider mounted in guides with the possibility of reciprocating movement and articulated with cranks mounted on the rotor shaft on one side and on the motor shaft on the other side.

The design disadvantage is the complexity of the mechanism, the fragility and difficult conditions for the operation of the slider. The power mechanism does not allow changing the degree of compression and expansion of the internal combustion engine.

The objective of the claimed inventions is to reduce the thermal load of the nodes of the rotary vane engine, increase its durability and the filling of the chambers with a working fluid, making it possible to work on any type of fuel by creating simplified engine designs of various cycles and a conversion mechanism that meet the conditions.

This task is achieved in a rotary vane engine designed to operate as an internal combustion engine, comprising a stationary casing with jumpers, an inner cavity of which is formed by a body of revolution, a rotor with vanes, coaxial to the inner cavity of the casing, intake and exhaust valves, the last of which are located on housing, a mechanism for converting the oscillatory-angular movements of the rotor, the starting system, fuel supply, lubrication and seals, according to the invention, exhaust valves are installed inside the polo jumper, and the inlet valves on the hollow rotor blades and are made in the form of throttle valves, deviating around the axes mounted on the rotor brackets and having a seal in the form of sealing strips and labyrinth seals on the end edges of the throttle valves, while the rotor is made with the possibility of making vibrational-angular movements in a sector limited by jumpers of the housing, the air inlet being made through a hollow rotor, hollow rotor blades and intake valves.

In addition, the rotor additionally has hollow blades directed to the axis of rotation of the rotor, with valves placed on them, while the casing is supplemented with an inner cylindrical part having valves equipped with valves, forming with the rotor and its internal blades an internal motor cascade operating as a compressor.

In addition, the valves located on the rotor blades are made controlled by a drive.

This task is also achieved in the conversion mechanism designed to convert the vibrational-angular movements of the rotor into the rotation of the output shaft containing the crank, according to the invention, the crank is mounted transverse to the axis of rotation of the rotor, the eccentric of the crank is made by the incoming roller in engagement with a groove parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rotor, made on one from the ends of the rotor or in an arm rigidly attached to the end of the rotor, while the groove length is not less than the diameter of the rotation of the eccentric roller and the groove width is equal to the diameter Olika considering the technological gap.

In addition, the conversion mechanism includes an eccentric opening mechanism, which provides a forced change of the radius of rotation of the eccentric roller by the drive.

This method of supplying the working fluid allows the use of centrifugal forces arising from the vibrational-angular movement of the rotor in the cavities of the rotor blades to create excess pressure of the working fluid and more filling the chambers without the use of additional devices. Also, the working fluid in the proposed engine is a cooler for surrounding units or parts, for example, the air supplied to the internal combustion engine cools the rotor, blades and self-acting intake valves mounted on hollow blades.

The use of the proposed device for this method of supplying a working fluid in a variety of structural schemes is illustrated by drawings, which schematically represent:

figure 1 shows a General view of the working part of the rotary vane engine;

figure 2 shows a diagram of a rotary vane engine in the form of a transverse section of the housing;

figure 3 shows the jumper of the housing, section I-I in figure 2;

figure 4 shows the outlet spool valve, section II-II in figure 2;

figure 5 shows the outlet window of the jumper, element III in figure 2;

figure 6 shows the installation of shutoff valves on the rotor blades;

Fig.7 shows a front view of the shutoff valve, view A in Fig.6;

on Fig shows a kinematic diagram of the power mechanism for converting the oscillatory-angular movement of the rotor into the rotation of the crank and vice versa with the mechanism for opening the eccentrics;

in Fig.9 shows the groove of the rotor, section I-I in Fig.8;

figure 10 shows a variant of the geometry of the groove, view a in figure 8;

figure 11 shows a diagram of a cascade rotary vane engine with one rotor in the form of a transverse section of the housing;

Example 1. The rotary vane engine (Fig. 1) consists of a fixed housing 1 with an internal cavity formed by a body of revolution, including two diametrically opposite relative to the axis of the internal cavity of the housing 1, hollow internal bridges 2 with outlet spool valves installed in them 3. Spool valve 3 (figure 2) are designed to force the opening / closing of the exhaust technological windows 4 (figure 3) on both sides of the jumpers 2, are cylinders with spherical working parts 5 (figure 4). Outlets in the working parts of the spool valves 5 are made in the form of a group of holes 6 having chamfers / curves on the outside. The compression rings 7 (Fig. 5) are made with an external oblique chamfer, which, when in contact with the oblique chamfers 8 of the jumpers 2, due to the tension of the rings and the pressure of the working fluid, creates a force that presses the rings 7 to the working part of the spool valves 5. Lubricating the surfaces of the spool valves 5 in contact with the sealing compression rings 7, is carried out by blocks of rollers 9 (figure 4) made of dry lubricants, such as graphite. The cooling of the spool valves 3 is carried out by compressed air directed by nozzles on their surface. Spool valves 3 are controlled by an electromechanical drive of the gas distribution mechanism 10. The rotary vane engine has a hollow rotor 11 coaxial to the internal cavity of the housing 1, mounted with the possibility of oscillating-angular movement, with two external, rigidly fixed transversely to the angular movement of the rotor 11, hollow blades 12 dividing together with jumpers 2 inter-rotor cavity into four chambers of variable volumes. The peripheral configuration of the blades 12 is equidistant (corresponding to) the inner surface of the housing 1 (Fig.6) and in the radial-axial section has the shape of a truncated circle (Fig.7), and on both sides of the blades 12 are installed self-acting shut-off valves 13. The shut-off valve 13 has a transverse the rotation axis 14 mounted on the bracket 15, mounted in the area of the through grooves 16 made in the rotor 11. The restriction-sealing strip 17 and the gap between the outer edge of the shutoff valve 13 with filled with a labyrinth seal 18 and the inner surface of the housing 1. The shutoff valve 13 has a difference in area from the axis of rotation 14, providing it with a non-destructive and sufficient force to deviate about its axis in the presence of a pressure differential. The rotary vane engine has a mechanism for converting the vibrational-angular movements of the rotor 19 into rotation of the output shaft 20. The conversion mechanism 19 consists of a crank 21 (Fig. 8) mounted across the axis of rotation of the rotor 11. The eccentric 22 of the crank 21 engages the roller 23 with the longitudinal parallel to the axis of the rotor 11 of the groove 24, made at one end of the rotor 11 or in an arm rigidly attached to the end of the rotor 11. The length of the groove 24 (Fig.9) is not less than the diameter of rotation of the roller 23. The width of the groove 24 (Fig.10) is equal to the diameter of the roller 23. Mechanism The action of the eccentric 22 provides a forced change of the radius of rotation of the roller 23 of the eccentric 22 from R1 to R2 in the conversion mechanism 19 by means of an electromechanical drive 25 that biases the internal slider of the crank 26 along the axis of rotation of the crank 21 by L. The rotary vane engine includes the necessary air intake systems and exhaust emissions, starting with a flywheel, fuel supply, lubrication, cooling and sealing elements (not shown, as widely known).

Rotary vane engine operates as follows. The inner cavity of the rotor 11 has a message through the inlet pipe with atmospheric air and through rectangular grooves 16 with hollow blades 12 equipped with self-acting valves 13. The gas distribution mechanism 10, which controls the exhaust valves 3, organizes sequential communication of variable volume chambers with the exhaust system of a rotary vane engine . When the flywheel and the output shaft 20 of the conversion mechanism 19 of the rotor-vane engine are “untwisted”, the rotor 11 begins to make oscillating-angular movements, the conversion mechanism 19 is informed of it, while in two opposite chambers of variable volumes, volumes are reduced to a minimum with a simultaneous increase in volumes in two other cameras. In the first cycle, atmospheric air through a self-acting valve 13 mounted on the blades 12 of the rotor 11, enters the chamber in which a vacuum is currently being created. In the second cycle, the rotor 11 with a blade 12 in this chamber compresses the incoming portion of air, into which fuel is injected at the end of the compression cycle through a high-pressure nozzle 27 mounted on the housing 1 in the area of the jumper 2. From high pressure and temperature, the air-fuel mixture ignites in the third a high-pressure stroke of the expanding gases produces a stroke. In the fourth cycle in this chamber, exhaust gas is released through the exhaust valve 3 into the exhaust system of a rotary vane engine. The same cycles occur sequentially in each of the four chambers of the rotary vane engine. The sequence of strokes in the chambers of a rotary vane engine is regulated by the operation of exhaust valves 3 and the moments of fuel supply through high-pressure nozzles 27. Cooling of the rotor 11, blades 12 and valves 13 mounted on the blades 12 is carried out by atmospheric air passing through them, and the housing 1 has air or liquid cooling systems.

This design provides the rotor-vane engine with a 4-stroke thermodynamic cycle in the mode of self-ignition or forced ignition of the air-fuel mixture (when using additional ignition systems of the air-fuel mixture, for example, spark plugs).

Example 2. A 2-stroke rotary vane engine-compressor is made according to the cascade scheme (Fig. 11) and, in addition to the design of the rotor-vane engine, it uses an integrated compressor organized by performing a hollow rotor 28 having no only two external hollow blades 29 with self-acting shutoff valves 13 installed on both sides of them, but also two internal hollow blades 30, rigidly fixed opposite the blades 29 and equipped on both sides with self-acting and shutoff valves 31. At the same time, the housing 1 is supplemented by an inner cylindrical part 32 with two hollow jumpers 33, with the installation of self-acting inlet valves 34 on each jumper 33 from two sides. The inner blades 30 of the rotor 28 and the jumpers 33 of the inner cylindrical part 32 of the housing 1 are divided the inner cylindrical cavity of a 2-stroke rotary vane engine-compressor for four chambers of variable volumes.

2-stroke rotary vane engine-compressor operates as follows. The inner cavity 35 of the inner cylindrical part 32 of the housing 1 has a message through the inlet pipe with atmospheric air and the cavities of the hollow jumpers 33. When the starter rotates the flywheel and the output shaft of the conversion mechanism of the 2-stroke rotary vane motor-compressor, the rotor 28 begins to oscillate angular movements communicated to him by the conversion mechanism, while in the inner circuit of a 2-stroke rotary vane motor-compressor in two opposite chambers of variable volumes, smart shenie volume to a minimum while increasing the volume of the other two chambers. The internal cascade of a 2-stroke rotary vane motor-compressor, using the installation of self-acting valves 34 and 31 with the organization of their air capacity in the direction of the external chambers of variable volumes of a 2-stroke rotary vane motor-compressor, performs a compressor cycle, feeding at each cycle portions of compressed air into the pre-valve cavity of the rotor 28. The high air pressure created in the pre-valve cavity of the blades 29 in the first exhaust gas exhaust cycle from the external circuit chamber is 2-stroke of the rotor-vane motor-compressor, due to the pressure difference, opens a self-acting valve 13 mounted on the outer blade 29 and at the beginning of the first cycle begins to purge the chamber and fill it with a portion of highly compressed air. After closing at the end of the first stroke of the exhaust valve 3 and supplying fuel to the chamber through the high-pressure nozzle 27, it is ignited by the spark plug 36 and the second stroke is driven. This scheme provides a 2-stroke rotary vane engine-compressor with a 2-stroke thermodynamic cycle in the forced ignition mode of the air-fuel mixture.

The on-board computer and / or mechanics are controlled by electrics, drive mechanisms, fuel supply equipment and other process supporting systems in the above examples, and the cooling system used is air or liquid.

Due to the new combination of an essential feature of technical solutions, as well as the proposed units and mechanisms, various schemes of engines, compressors, including cascade and sectional, including the described features of rotary vane engines (Example 1, Example 2), have advantages over known technical devices due to:

- cooling of the rotor, blades and valves with a working fluid pumped through the cavities of the rotor, blades and valve mounted on them;

- increased filling of the chambers with a working fluid pumped by centrifugal force generated in the cavities of the blades during the oscillatory-angular movement of the rotor, as well as the design of the described shutoff valves;

- the absence of wear between the blades and the casing, as well as the elimination of the need for lubrication of designated areas, due to the use of labyrinth (comb) seals (increased life, eliminating the need for heating of a rotary vane engine);

- reducing the cooling of the housing, with a corresponding improvement in the flow conditions of the thermodynamic cycle provided by using the above technical solution;

- natural exhaust gas recirculation, leading to an increase in the octane number of the air-fuel mixture, as well as a greater completeness of combustion of the supplied fuel (ecology);

- the possibility of changing the degree of compression and expansion of the exhaust gases by the described mechanism for converting the vibrational-angular movements of the rotor into the rotation of the output shaft with the mechanism for opening the eccentrics;

- obtaining schemes that provide the proposed structures with small dimensions and weight in comparison with analogues of equal power;

- increased efficiency of installations that do not contain a crank mechanism and camshaft with commonly used valves, when applying the described technical solutions.

The claimed technical solutions and the presented elements are so interconnected that they form a single inventive concept, therefore they satisfy the requirement of the unity of the invention. Using the claimed technical solutions in rotary vane engines allows us to solve the problem with obtaining the required technical result - reducing the heat load of the rotor-vane engine assemblies, increasing its durability and filling the chambers with a working fluid, making it possible to work on any type of fuel and simplifying the design.

Claims (5)

1. The rotary vane engine, designed to operate as an internal combustion engine, comprising a stationary body with jumpers, the internal cavity of which is formed by a body of revolution, a rotor with blades, coaxial to the internal cavity of the body, intake and exhaust valves, the last of which are located on the body, a mechanism for converting vibrational-angular movements of the rotor, start-up system, fuel supply, lubrication and seals, characterized in that the exhaust valves are installed inside the jumper cavities, and the inlet th valves - on the hollow rotor blades and made in the form of throttle valves, deviating around the axes, mounted on the rotor brackets and having a seal in the form of sealing strips and labyrinth seals on the end edges of the throttle valves, while the rotor is made with the possibility of vibrational-angular movements in a sector limited by jumpers of the housing, wherein the air inlet is made through a hollow rotor, hollow rotor blades and intake valves. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor additionally has hollow blades directed to the axis of rotation of the rotor with valves placed on them, while the casing is supplemented by an inner cylindrical part having partitions equipped with valves forming with the rotor and its internal with blades the internal cascade of the engine, operating as a compressor. 3. The engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the valves located on the rotor blades are made controlled by a drive. 4. The conversion mechanism designed to convert the vibrational-angular movements of the rotor into rotation of the output shaft, comprising a crank, characterized in that the crank is installed transverse to the axis of rotation of the rotor, the crank eccentric is made by the incoming roller meshing with a groove parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rotor, made on one of ends of the rotor or in an arm rigidly attached to the end of the rotor, while the groove length is not less than the diameter of rotation of the eccentric roller and the groove width is equal to the diameter of the roller, taking into account the technological esky clearance. 5. The conversion mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that it includes a mechanism for opening the eccentric, providing a forced change of the radius of rotation of the eccentric roller by the drive.

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