RU2451801C2 - Two-axes rotary chamber ice - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed engine comprises cylindrical stator with covers accommodating offset cylindrical rotor. Stator covers accommodate slip covers to vary compression ratio that may displace in guides parallel with straight line connecting geometrical axes of stator and rotor. Said slip covers are fitted with rotor shaft bearings and fixed contacts of ignition plugs. Front slip cover incorporates additionally fixed gear of valve timing mechanism drive. Rotor has odd number of sector-shape working chambers equal to at least three. Rotor faces are tightly closed by disc shaft-covers with ignition plugs fitted therein. Every working chamber houses working member of identical sizes and shapes to make a limited turn about axis extending through working chamber sector vertex and oriented along rotor generatrix. Working member outer side stay in contact with intermediate cylinder via pin. Bearing pin cantilever ends are fitted to displace freely along the circle on face guide grooves of intermediate cylinder. Intermediate cylinder is fitted into stator to rotate unobstructed about common geometrical axis.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and reliability.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to rotary internal combustion engines, and can be used as a power unit in transport vehicles and stationary installations.

At present, piston ICEs with a crank mechanism for converting the translational motion of the piston into the rotational motion of the engine shaft are widely used, but this kinematic scheme has exhausted its capabilities, and a significant increase in power requires an increase in the energy consumption and mass of the engine.

Known rotary piston engine (see patent RU 2158375 C1, published October 27, 2000 F02B 57/00. 53/00), comprising a housing with a cylindrical cavity, end caps of the housing with guide grooves on their inner surfaces, mounted in the cavity of the rotor with cylinders uniformly arranged around the circumference and oriented along the axis of the rotor, and pistons made in the form of arched profile blades mounted in cylinders with the possibility of their rotation relative to the rotor generators. The pistons are equipped with locking and guide fingers oriented parallel to the rotor, while the free ends of the locking fingers are rigidly fixed in the end walls of the rotor, and the guides are freely passed through the crescent holes in the rotor and inserted into the guide grooves of the housing covers through the bearing supports.

When the rotor rotates, the guide fingers of the pistons, the free ends of which roll along the supports in the guide grooves, rotate together with the rotor, remaining parallel to its generators, and at the same time are shifted in a radial direction along a certain path. At the same time, the pistons associated with the fingers move in concert with each other in the cylinders, changing the volume of the combustion chambers and thereby ensuring the cyclical nature and duration of the engine’s working cycles. The trajectory of the radial movement of the guide fingers and, accordingly, the cyclicity and duration of the working cycles are determined by the shape of the contour of the guide grooves.

The main disadvantages of the known engine are its unacceptably low speed characteristics, power and reliability. These drawbacks are due to the use of radial seals mounted on the rotor generators and in contact with the inner surface of the housing, which, with a significant increase in speed, as a result of centrifugal forces, cause increased wear of the housing and destruction of the seals and the motor housing. In addition, in the specified engine, positive torque occurs as a result of the gas pressure on the rotor, but the gas pressure on the piston creates a negative torque, which leads to loss of energy and power.

Also known is a rotary internal combustion engine (see patent RU 2239073 C2, published October 27, 2004 F02B 53/00), comprising a cylindrical housing in which a cylindrical rotor is eccentrically mounted, mating its surface with the inner surface of the housing, with sealing of the compression and combustion cavities. The rotor on its surface has segmented slices, which make it possible to periodically connect the compression and combustion cavities, in the groove of the rotor passing through its axis, there is one floating blade with L-shaped tips, constantly pressed against the inner surface of the housing.

In the specified engine, the sealing of the combustion and compression cavities is carried out by the mating surfaces of the rotor and the mirror of the housing, with which the floating L-shaped blade is constantly mated. Significant centrifugal loads lead to deterioration of the housing mirror, disrupt sealing, reduce engine life and engine reliability. In addition, the gas pressure on the rotor creates significant alternating loads on the motor shaft, leads to vibration, loss of energy and power.

A machine was adopted for the prototype (see patent RU 2140544 C1, published October 27, 1999 F01C 1/44. F02B 53/00. F04C 2/44. F01C 11/00), comprising a body with an inner cylindrical surface, closed by covers, an axis, on which successively established an even number of at least two working bodies associated with the shaft. The working bodies of the machine are equipped with pistons pivotally connected to them, having the shape of a truncated segment, placed diametrically with the possibility of rolling and mating with the inner surface of the housing. The working chambers of the machine are formed by working bodies with pistons and an axis and are additionally formed by working bodies with pistons and the inner surface of the housing. The machine contains a distribution mechanism of the working fluid, made in the form of channels in the body of the axis, in the walls of the movable ring mounted on the axis, which is driven by gears from the shaft of the machine, and in the walls of the housing. The machine contains sealing elements of the working chambers installed in the walls of the pistons and working bodies. The machine can be used as an internal combustion engine, as a compressor, as a pump and as a pump and engine at the same time.

In the case of using the machine as an internal combustion engine, each working body has one piston, but since the machine has an even number of working bodies, the piston of each working body relative to the other working body is placed diametrically. In the chambers formed by the axis and the working body with pistons, for two turns of the working body (if the inner surface of the body is cylindrical), a four-cycle ICE cycle occurs.

Such an arrangement of the machine is not functional, since the distribution mechanism of the working fluid is made in the form of longitudinal channels in the body of a fixed axis, separated by a diametrical partition. With the diametrical installation of the working bodies, the suction channel of the fixed axis for the first working body is the exhaust channel for the second working body, and the exhaust channel of the first is suction for the second.

In the particular case, if the inner surface of the body is oval, a four-stroke cycle occurs in one revolution of the working body, and the gas distribution mechanism ensures the operability of the machine even with a multi-piston engine layout.

The described prototype has significant disadvantages that limit the use of the machine as an internal combustion engine.

- The difficulty of ensuring the tightness of the gas distribution mechanism during rotation of the contact surfaces, which leads to the burning of seals, especially exhaust channels.

- Significant dynamic loads at the points of contact between the piston and the casing lead to intensive wear of the main structural element - the casing of the machine and reduce motor life, especially at significant revolutions and engine power.

- Technological complexity and high cost of manufacturing an oval machine casing in comparison with a cylindrical one.

- Intensive wear of the mechanical seal of the working chambers when sliding along the inner surface of the housing covers and depressurization of the working chambers.

The problem solved by the present invention is to develop an economical and reliable engine with increased power and efficiency, with the highest possible torque at comparable rates of energy consumption.

The technical result is achieved in a biaxial rotary-chamber internal combustion engine (DORK ICE) containing a cylindrical stator with covers in which a cylindrical rotor is eccentrically mounted. According to the invention, false covers for changing the degree of compression are mounted on the stator covers. An odd number of working chambers is made in the cylindrical rotor, at least three in the shape of a sector, and the rotor from the ends is hermetically closed by disk-shaft covers with spark plugs installed in them, and in each working chamber an working body of equal size and shape is installed with the possibility limited rotation around an axis passing through the top of the sector of the working chamber and oriented along the generatrix of the rotor. The outer side of the working body is in contact with the intermediate cylinder through the support pin, the cantilever ends of which are mounted with the possibility of free movement around the circumference in the end guide grooves of the intermediate cylinder installed in the stator with the possibility of free rotation around a common geometric axis. In addition, the shaft-cover and the rotor are hollow, and the cavity in the rotor is divided by a partition perpendicular to the axis into two parts, each of which is connected to the working chamber through a channel in the rotor body and a suction or exhaust valve. In addition, on the front end disk shaft-cover of the rotor for each working chamber mounted cam gear drive camshaft. In addition, on the front and rear covers of the stator there are false covers for changing the degree of compression, with the possibility of fixed movement parallel to the straight line connecting the geometrical axes of the stator and the rotor, in the false covers the bearings of the rotor shaft and stationary electrical contacts of the spark plugs are also mounted, and on the front, additionally, fixed gear drive of gas distribution mechanisms.

Figures 1 and 2 show a three-chamber Two-axis rotary chamber (DoRK) four-cycle internal combustion engine (ICE) with external mixture formation and ignition of the working mixture from an external electric source.

Figure 1 shows the DOC of the internal combustion engine in cross section AA of figure 2.

Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section bB of figure 1.

In Fig.3 shows the inner surface of the front cover of the stator with a false cover in the context of BB in Fig.2.

In Fig.4 shows a section of the engine and the front shaft-cover of the rotor in the context GG of Fig.2.

The biaxial rotary chamber ICE consists of a cylindrical stator 1, closed by front 2 and rear 3 covers. An intermediate cylinder 4 is installed in the stator, having the possibility of free rotation inside the stator and acting as a sliding bearing, which receives the radial load from the support fingers 5 of the working bodies 6 and transfers it to the stator, while the specific pressure and wear of the friction surfaces are reduced.

The rotor 7 is installed in the stator 1, its geometric axis is parallel and offset relative to the geometrical axis of the stator by a certain amount, which depends on the specified parameters of the engine displacement, and the diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the intermediate cylinder and does not contact it. An odd number, at least three, working chambers 8 having a sectional shape of a sector with a vertex on a generatrix, equal in length to the length of the rotor, the radius of the generatrix of the sector aligned with the radius of the rotor, but smaller than it, is determined in the rotor, uniformly in circumference, and is determined by specified characteristics displacement, torque and engine power.

The tightness of the working chambers 8 is ensured by the end disk shaft-covers 12 and 9 of the rotor 7, made in conjunction with the front and rear parts of the motor shaft. Threaded holes are made in each shaft-cover and spark plugs 10 are installed in them for each working chamber. In each working chamber, a working body 6 is installed, having the shape of a sector, the top of which corresponds to the top of the working chamber sector, and the radius and length dimensions are made with tolerances that ensure movement and tightness during labyrinth compaction of the working chambers. The working body has the possibility of limited rotation around an axial pin 11 mounted at the tops of the sectors, oriented parallel to the rotor generatrix and the free ends of the rotor 7 fixed in the corresponding holes of the shaft covers 12 and 9. On the outside of the working body there are eyes protruding beyond the diameter of the rotor, in of which a bearing pin 5 is mounted on the bearings, resting, with the possibility of rolling, on the inner circumference of the intermediate cylinder 4, and held by the cantilever ends in the annular guides Ortsevo grooves 13 of the intermediate cylinder 4 providing limited rotational movement of the working bodies 6 around axial finger 11, and hence the predetermined change amount of the rotor of the working chambers 7 August.

The flow of the combustible mixture and the exhaust gas is provided through a cylindrical cavity of the rotor having a partition 14 perpendicular to the axis, and cylindrical axial cavities 15 of the shaft covers 12 and 9 of the rotor 7. Each cavity of the rotor, respectively, by suction or exhaust channels 16 in the rotor body, is communicated through the suction or exhaust valves 17 with working chambers 8. The suction and exhaust valves of each working chamber are controlled by a cam shaft 18 mounted on bearings in the rotor body parallel to its axis. On the camshaft 18, the gear of the worm gearbox 19 is mounted, which is mounted on the front shaft-cover 12. The bevel gear shaft 20 has a bevel gear 20 of the gearbox drive 19, which is meshed with the bevel gear 21 mounted on the front cover 22. Gas distribution mechanism provides one revolution of a cam shaft for two turns of a rotor.

The front 22 and rear 23 false covers are mounted on the covers 2, 3 of the stator 1 with the possibility of a fixed movement along the guides 24 parallel to the straight line connecting the geometric axis of the stator and rotor. The rotor shaft is mounted on the bearing caps on the bearings, and insulated stationary electrical contacts 25 in the form of an arc of a circle are mounted on the inner end surfaces to transfer electric charge to the contacts of the spark plugs 10. Fixed movement of the stator relative to the rotor along the guides 24 of the false covers 22 and 23, while maintaining the parallelism of the geometric axes of the rotor and stator, it allows you to change the center distance and, therefore, change the compression ratio in the working chambers of the engine.

The ignition of the working mixture comes from two spark plugs 10 installed in the shaft-covers 12 and 9 of the rotor. The necessary voltage for a spark discharge is supplied from an external electric source through a fixed electrical contact 25 mounted on the stator's false covers 22 and 23, which also allows you to adjust the ignition timing.

Changing the compression ratio and the ignition timing allows you to quickly adapt the engine to various types of liquid and gaseous fuels.

There is a variant of the engine with compression-ignition of the working mixture without electric ignition, and controlled injection of fuel into the suction channel, or a mixed version: starting the engine with electric ignition, and work in self-ignition mode.

Changing the distance of the fulcrum (supporting finger 5) from the axis of rotation (axial finger 11) of the working body 6 changes the speed of thermodynamic processes in the working chamber, and the suspension of the supporting finger reduces dynamic loads in the process of self-ignition of the working mixture and detonation of fuel.

The operation of the engine is as follows:

When the rotor rotates (Fig. 1) clockwise, the radius of rotation of the fulcrum (support finger) of the working body and, therefore, the volume of the working chamber are changed. For two turns in the working chamber a full cycle of a four-stroke internal combustion engine is realized: suction, compression, stroke, exhaust. After passing the supporting finger of the working body of the upper point (M), - the minimum distance from the axis of the rotor to the circumference of the intermediate cylinder, the volume of the working chamber increases - there is a suction stroke, which continues to the lower point (K) - the maximum distance from the axis of the rotor to the circumference of the intermediate cylinder . With further movement of the support finger around the circumference from point (K) to point (M), the volume of the working chamber decreases - there is a compression stroke. At the second revolution from point (M) to point (K), the mixture ignites and the stroke moves, and when moving from point (K) to point (M), the exhaust gas cycle takes place, after which the cycle repeats.

An odd number of working chambers provides a sequence and alternation of measures, for example: at the point (M) in the 1st chamber, the suction stroke begins, through the rotation by 120 degrees - the 2nd chamber the working stroke, through the rotation by 240 degrees - the 3rd suction chamber , through 360 degrees - the 1st chamber working stroke, through 480 degrees - the 2nd suction chamber, after 600 degrees - the 3rd chamber working, after 720 degrees - the 1st suction chamber and repeating the cycle.

In the case of an increase in the number of working chambers, the intervals between repeating measures are reduced, for example, with a cycle duration of 180 degrees in a three-chamber engine, the interval is 240 degrees, and in a five-chamber engine, the interval is 144 degrees of the angle of rotation of the fulcrum (supporting finger 5) of the working body.

During the stroke "stroke" the gas pressure in the working chamber acts on the rotor and the working body, which through the intermediate cylinder transfers pressure to the stator of the engine. The positive vector of the resulting pressure force of the gases acting on the rotor is directed tangentially and provides the maximum possible torque of the motor shaft at a given radius of the point of application of force. The vector of the resulting force acting on the working body transfers the force through the support pin to the intermediate cylinder through which the finger is able to roll, and the intermediate cylinder, like a sliding bearing, rotates freely in the inner surface of the stator as a result of the action of the vector of the tangent component directed towards the rotor . The reaction vector of the normal component is compensated by the specific pressure of the intermediate cylinder on the stator, which significantly reduces the wear of rubbing sliding surfaces, and as a result of the total impact on the intermediate cylinder of the working bodies of several working chambers, the specific pressure of the intermediate cylinder on the stator is partially compensated, which contributes to an increase in the overhaul life of the engine .

Increasing the distance of the working chambers from the axis of the rotor, without changing their volume, makes it possible to increase the engine torque by increasing the radius of application of the vector of the resulting gas pressure force and to produce a low-speed engine with a sufficiently large torque, but with a corresponding increase in its dimensions.

Engine power can be increased by using turbocharging, for which a centrifugal supercharger is installed in the suction cavity of the rotor, and a gas turbine is used in the exhaust, on a common axis, to use the energy of the exhaust gases.

The tightness of the working chambers is ensured by a sufficiently large contact surface area, and the absence of external friction forces allows the use of a labyrinth seal, or in some cases an additional seal of the working body.

The engine uses a combined lubrication system. The most loaded surfaces of the intermediate cylinder and sliding bearings are lubricated under pressure, and the surfaces of the working bodies and the rotor are lubricated by spraying. Used oil is cleaned and cooled in a self-contained heat exchanger.

The engine cooling system can be either air or liquid. For air, it is necessary to perform finning of the stator and covers, and for liquid it is necessary to perform cooling channels in the body of the stator and covers, to ensure circulation and cooling of the liquid.

The present invention provides the ability to adjust the compression ratio of the working mixture by changing the eccentricity of the rotor relative to the stator within the design capabilities of the engines of a particular layout, and when calculating the thermodynamic process, changing the distance of the support point of the working body from its axis of rotation allows you to optimize the working process and make a multi-fuel engine.

The use of an intermediate cylinder as an integrating device to compensate for the load from the working elements on the stator can significantly reduce the wear of the main structural element-stator, increase the resource and simplify engine repair.

The use of the gas distribution mechanism of the known valve-cam arrangement allows guaranteed to ensure the tightness of the working chambers and acceptable overhaul mileage of the engine.

The proposed multi-chamber arrangement of working chambers in the rotor body makes it possible to efficiently use gas pressure energy to obtain useful torque and effective power, reduce friction energy losses and create negative torque, increase effective efficiency and speed, and make a compact, economical, and cheap engine.

The proposed biaxial rotary-chamber internal combustion engine can be manufactured in an enterprise with a mechanical engineering profile using components of internal combustion engines.

Claims (2)

1. A two-axis rotary chamber internal combustion engine (DORK ICE), comprising a cylindrical stator with covers, in which a cylindrical rotor is eccentrically installed, characterized in that false covers are mounted on the stator covers to change the degree of compression with the possibility of fixed movement along the guides in parallel to a straight line, connecting the geometrical axes of the stator and the rotor, bearings of the rotor shaft and fixed electrical contacts of the spark plugs and on the front, additionally, fixed gear are installed in the false covers The drive gear of the gas distribution mechanisms, and the rotor has an odd number of working chambers, at least three in the shape of a sector, and the rotor from the ends is hermetically closed by disk shaft covers with spark plugs installed in them, and in each working chamber an equal in size and in the form of a working body with the possibility of limited rotation around an axis passing through the top of the sector of the working chamber and oriented along the generatrix of the rotor, and the working body is in contact with the intermediate cylinder on the outside Erez support pin, cantilevered ends of which are mounted for free movement in the circumferential end of the guide groove of the intermediate cylinder mounted in the stator to be freely rotatable around a common geometrical axis. 2. DORK ICE according to claim 1, characterized in that the end disk shaft-cover and the rotor are hollow, and the cavity in the rotor is divided by a partition perpendicular to the axis into two parts, each of which is connected to the rotor body and the suction or exhaust valve a working chamber, and for each working chamber on the front end disk shaft-cover of the rotor a cam gear of the camshaft is mounted, and the cam shaft is installed in the rotor body and is oriented along its axis.

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