RU2300000C2 - Internal combustion piston pendulum engine and mechanism converting pendulum motion of piston blade - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to design of pendulum internal combustion engine. Proposed piston pendulum internal combustion engine contains stator cylinder with partitions accommodating shaft with pistons-blades, side walls adjoining pistons-blades and forming sealed variable volume chambers, and mechanism converting pendulum motions of pistons-blades into rotary motion of flywheel. Pistons-blades are provided with spaces to deliver cooling liquid. Piston-blade spaces are connected through channels of shaft with cylinder cooling system for automatic regulation of amount of liquid delivered for cooling of cylinder and pistons-blades depending on engine operating conditions. Mechanism converting pendulum motions of pistons-blades into rotary motion of flywheel contains gear wheel installed on shaft with pistons-blades of internal combustion engine, two gears with limited number of teeth on part of its perimeter and periodically engaging with gear wheel. One of gears is connected with flywheel. Gears have full number of teeth in zone out of width of gear ring, being in constant meshing with each other.

EFFECT: provision of cooling of piston-blades, reduced labor input at manufacture of converting mechanism.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to internal combustion engines (ICE), in particular to the working bodies of reciprocating internal combustion engines of double action, and can also be used to create excess pressure or vacuum.

An internal combustion engine converts the thermal energy of fuel into mechanical energy. Known piston internal combustion engine (1), containing a cylinder, sealed on one side by a cylinder head with intake and exhaust valves. A piston is placed in the cylinder, connected to a crank mechanism. The combustible mixture or air is supplied (sucked) into the sealed part of the cylinder and is compressed by the piston to a certain value, after which the combustible mixture is ignited by a spark plug - a carburetor engine, if the air is sucked in, it is heated to a temperature necessary for ignition and compressed into it the amount of fuel is a diesel engine. The combustion of fuel causes a significant increase in temperature and, consequently, pressure above the piston, which causes the piston to move in the opposite direction with great effort and perform useful work, as well as work to carry out auxiliary cycles: exhaust, suction and compression, due to the energy stored in the flywheel during the stroke. The reciprocating movement of the pistons is converted into rotational movement of the flywheel by a crank mechanism.

A disadvantage of the known ICE design is the presence of large lateral piston pressures on the cylinder walls, which leads to their wear and loss of power. It is difficult to effectively and efficiently supply and remove grease to a place of high pressures and remove heat from the piston (coolant), which is especially important when using hydrogen fuel.

The supply of each piston with a connecting rod and crankshaft makes the engine metal-intensive and increases the friction area at significant operating pressures, especially when the connecting rod is pulled out of the dead point and the adjacent zone within the crankshaft rotation by 10 °, which reduces engine efficiency.

Known internal combustion engine with a reciprocating movement of the working bodies / 2 /, comprising a housing with a cylindrical working chamber, separated by fixed contactors (partitions) into working cavities, inlet and outlet slide valves.

A disadvantage of the known design is the difficulty of purging the working chambers and the conversion of oscillatory movements by a crank mechanism having a low efficiency.

Known internal combustion engine / 3 / with pendulum movement of the rotor.

A disadvantage of the known design is that the piston-blades do not provide cooling, without which their operation is impossible, since they heat up on both sides, that is, they operate in even more severe temperature conditions than the pistons in the classic ICE / 1 /. In addition, the piston blades have a small undeveloped surface of movable contact with the stator with the installation of one sealing plate, which does not provide sufficient sealing of the piston blades and the stator cylinder.

The use of a crank mechanism to convert the oscillatory movements of the rotor shaft into rotational movement of the flywheel is not very effective, since its efficiency is very low, in addition, the forward and reverse speeds are not the same, which complicates the tuning and operation of the engine.

Known internal combustion engine with pendulum movement of the rotor with piston blades / 4 /, inlet and outlet spool valves, with the conversion of the oscillatory pendulum movements of the rotor into a rotary flywheel by a crank mechanism.

A disadvantage of the known design is the difficult implementation of the purge of the working chambers, the lack of cooling of the blades, pistons, insufficient size of their area of movable contact with the stator to ensure high tightness.

The closest technical solution in essence and the technical result achieved is the pendulum internal combustion engine / 5 / with the pendulum movement of the rotor, which is converted into a rotary crank mechanism.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the lack of cooling of the piston blades, the use of bevel gears in the mechanism for converting the pendulum oscillations of the rotor into a rotary working shaft is unreliable due to the difficulty of maintaining the position of the axes of the driving and driven gears, which they are very sensitive to, and their poor performance at high speeds.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a piston pendulum ICE, providing a supply of liquid cooling to the blades of the pistons in the required quantity, depending on the operating mode of the engine. Replacing bevel gears of the conversion mechanism with spur gears will reduce the complexity of manufacturing.

The objective of the invention is solved due to the fact that in a piston pendulum internal combustion engine containing a stator cylinder with baffles, inside of which there is a shaft with piston blades, side walls adjacent to the piston blades and forming a chamber that is sealed with variable volumes, and a pendulum movement conversion mechanism of the piston blades into the rotational movement of the flywheel, the piston blades have cavities for supplying coolant, according to the invention, the cavities of the piston blades through the shaft channels s with the cylinder cooling system to automatically adjusting the amount of cooling liquid supplied to the cylinder and pistons of blades depending on the engine operating condition.

The conversion of the pendulum (reciprocating) movement of the pendulum shaft with the piston blades into the rotational flywheel or the rotational movement of the flywheel into the pendulum reciprocating motion of the piston blades is carried out by a mechanism containing a gear mounted on a shaft with piston blades of an internal combustion engine, two gears having a limited number of teeth on a part of their perimeter and periodically engaging with a gear wheel, one of the gears being connected to the flywheel. According to the invention, the gears outside the zone of the width of the gear ring have the total number of teeth and are in constant engagement with each other.

Comparisons of the proposed solution not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions in this technical field - patents of the rotary piston engine / 2, 3, 4, 5 / did not allow them to identify signs that are similar to the essential distinguishing features of the inventive piston pendulum engine and the mechanism for converting the pendulum movements of the piston blades, and therefore allowed to recognize the claimed solution in accordance with the criterion of "significant differences".

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 presents a cross section of the proposed piston pendulum engine of internal combustion;

figure 2 presents the gear mechanism for converting the reciprocating pendulum motion of the pendulum with the piston blades into the rotational movement of the flywheel and vice versa the rotational movement of the flywheel into the reciprocating motion of the pendulum (piston).

The piston pendulum internal combustion engine consists of a stator cylinder 1 with baffles 2 connected to the heads of the blocks, and a pendulum shaft 3 located therein with piston blades 4. To improve sealing in the places of movable contact, the piston-blades and baffles have a developed surface on which sealing plates 5 are installed. The piston blades have cavities 6 for supplying a coolant. From the ends, the engine has side walls 7 that are tightly adjacent to the piston vanes with thrust bearings mounted on them for the pendulum shaft. A gear wheel (or rack) 8 is mounted on the shaft of the pendulum 3 behind the side wall 7, with which gears 9 and 10 alternately engage, having a limited number of teeth on the width of the gear wheel and complete outside its width with constant engagement between each other, which represents a gear mechanism for converting the pendulum (reciprocating) movement of the pendulum shaft into a rotational flywheel connected to one of the gears, and vice versa the rotational movement of the flywheel into the pendulum motion of the pendulum shaft with piston blades.

A piston pendulum internal combustion engine operates as follows. Starting device through the gear mechanism of conversion, the pendulum scrolls to the required angle. The piston blades move from one dead center to another dead center and in the opposite direction, which leads to a change in the volumes of the working chambers enclosed between the stator baffles, piston blades and side walls. An increase in the volume of one of the working chambers will correspond to the absorption of the combustible mixture or air, then the piston blade will begin to move in the opposite direction, the chamber will begin to decrease in volume, and the compression of the combustible mixture or air will occur. At a certain degree of compression, the combustible mixture is ignited with a spark plug or the necessary portion of fuel is injected into the compressed air, which is ignited due to the high temperature of the compressed air. The temperature in the working chamber rises sharply and, accordingly, the pressure that acts on the piston-blades increases, turning the pendulum by a certain angle. Performing the corresponding work, the chamber volume increases, then the chamber volume decreases, the exhaust gas is displaced, then the process is repeated.

Other working chambers, which are located on both sides of the piston blades, work in the same way, and their number depends on the number of stator baffles. The engine operates with a constant supply of coolant in the cavity of the piston blades through the channels of the pendulum shaft, connected with automatic control of the amount of fluid supplied to cool the cylinder, cylinder heads with baffles and the pendulum with piston blades.

A gear mechanism for converting pendulum movements into rotational, connected to the pendulum shaft, is operated as follows.

A gear wheel is installed on the pendulum shaft, with which two gears periodically engage, which have a limited group of teeth arranged in such a way that at a given rotation of the gear from one extreme position to another, one of the gears engages with it. When the gear approaches the extreme position, the teeth of the gear, which engages, end and the gear stops turning this gear. To the teeth of the gear wheel fit the teeth of the second gear, the direction of rotation of which corresponds to the movement of the gear in the opposite direction.

The use of the claimed inventions will allow due to design features to increase the reliability of the engine with a mechanism for converting oscillatory movements into rotational, to carry out liquid-controlled cooling of the piston blades in parallel with the cooling of the stator cylinder and heads, maintaining the required temperature, while maintaining the optimal clearance between the piston blades and the stator cylinder, and reduce the intensity of the lubricant.

Information sources

1. V.M. Semenov, V.N. Vlasenko. Tractor. Moscow, VO Agropromizdat, 1989 (p. 23-36; 106).

2. RU 24705 U1, publ. 08/20/2002.

3. DE 10119373 A1, publ. 10/11/1997.

4. DE 20607586 A1, publ. 09/08/1977.

5. US 4539941 A, publ. 09/10/1985.

6. S. N. Kozhevnikov, Ya. I. Esipenko, Ya. M. Raskin. "Elements of mechanisms", Oboronizdat, Moscow, 1956 (Fig. 2503, 2492).

Claims (2)

1. A piston pendulum internal combustion engine comprising a stator cylinder with baffles, inside of which there is a shaft with piston-blades, side walls adjacent to the piston-blades and forming pressurized chambers with variable volumes, and a mechanism for converting the pendulum movements of the piston-blades into rotational motion a flywheel, the piston blades having cavities for supplying a coolant, characterized in that the cavities of the piston blades are connected through the shaft channels to the cylinder cooling system with the ability to automatically control the amount of liquid supplied to cool the cylinder and piston blades, depending on the engine operating mode. 2. The mechanism for converting the pendulum movements of the piston blades into a rotational movement of the flywheel, comprising a gear mounted on a shaft with piston blades of an internal combustion engine, two gears having a limited number of teeth on a part of their perimeter and periodically engaging with the gear wheel, moreover one of the gears is connected to the flywheel, characterized in that the gears outside the zone of the width of the gear ring have a total number of teeth and are in constant engagement with each other.

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