RU2360116C1 - Procedure for development of thick ore deposit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: procedure for development of thick ore deposit consists in dividing it into sub-floors, in driving transport, ventilation and drill moving-in mine workings, in drilling explosive radial boreholes, in blasting sections with thickness equal to one-two "ЛНС" and in ore chute from end of excavation by means of bucket material-handling machines. Connections are made between drill moving-in mine workings, out of which pillar is drilled between mined drill moving-in workings and is exploded before beginning of mining this section with underlying horizon. Simultaneously pillar above connection is destructed on a specially prepared cut crevice. Breaking of ore from underlying horizon is performed at height of one sub-floor, which facilitates increasing its height to 30 m; due to more uniform distribution of explosive material -EM in massif quality of ore crushing is improved. After destruction of pillars between drill moving-in workings and above connection for reduction of losses there is performed partial ore chute from ends of connection.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of development, reduced losses and reduced ore dilution.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in underground mining of mineral deposits.

A known method of developing mineral deposits, including sub-floor breaking of the ore body from top to bottom with the collapse of the overlying rocks and the face of the ore using powerful self-propelled vehicles [1].

The main disadvantages of this method are the large loss of ore and a high degree of contamination of the host rocks.

The closest to the invention in terms of technical nature and the achieved result is a method of developing an ore deposit, including dividing it into sub-floors of 15–20 m high, sinking of transport, ventilation and boring deliveries through 12–14 m on the sub-floors, drilling of blasting fan holes from borodozhavnyh excavations, blasting sections with a thickness equal to one or two LNS (line of least resistance), and the release of ore from the end face of the mine using bucket loading and delivery machines. The whole left between the boring deliveries is drilled and exploded from the boring deliveries of the underlying sub-floor, for which these broken-off reserves are produced. The developments of the underlying sub-floor are located in a checkerboard pattern relative to the developments of the overlying sub-floor.

The disadvantage of this option is that this limits the height of the sub-floor due to the fact that drilling wells to drill a pillar between the boring and delivery workings of the overlying sub-floor must be carried out from the underlying horizon to a height equal to twice the height of the sub-floor. In this case, the cost of drilling and loading long wells increases and the quality of crushing decreases. Given this, in mining practice in Sweden (Kiruna), it was proposed to split parts of this pillar with wells drilled from the workings of the overlying sub-floor at angles of 50-55 °, and thus reduce the height of the pillar between the workings, which allows to increase the height of the sub-floor.

Studies have established [2] that the production figures are formed at angles of 70 ± 2 °, and in this case, the wells drilled at angles of less than 70 ° are blasted with almost no compensation (Fig. 1). As a result, this massif is not loosened (zone B), but only broken by individual cracks, which capture the lower part of the massif (zone B) and do not allow for its high-quality drilling and loading from the underlying horizon. As a result of this, most of the reserves located between the drilling deliveries do not fall into the expiration zone on the underlying horizon and pass into losses.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the use of subsoil by reducing ore losses and reducing dilution in the extracted rock mass.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 Scheme of the proposed nature of the ore.

A - ore production zone of the operational horizon; B - the zone is unexploded, but broken by cracks; B - zone blown up, but not fragmented; C - zone of loose loose rocks.

2 - drilling deliveries,

3 - blast holes.

Figure 2 Plan for the delivery of the overlying horizon.

1 - ventilation drilling failure,

3 - blast holes,

4 - cutting slot.

Figure 3 Scheme of drilling and blasting of the pillar between the boring delivery workings.

5 - the whole.

This goal is achieved by the fact that during the preparation of the operational horizon between the drilling deliveries 2, ventilation failures 1 (Fig. 2) pass through 30-36 m. With these excavations, the ore body mined is divided into excavation sections. The failures that have passed during operation serve as ventilation, and after working off the next section, they are used as drilling to drill the pillar remaining between the boring and delivery workings. Drilling is carried out by blasting holes 3 located horizontally and obliquely (figure 2).

Considering the fact that over the worked-out boring and delivery mine, the rock mass is sufficiently loosened as a result of the discharge, the wells drilled between the drill-and-hole workings are broken off already in the presence of compensation, which ensures its satisfactory crushing and loosening (Fig. 3). In addition, there is no need to drill long wells from the underlying subfloor and it becomes possible to more evenly distribute them in the beating layer, which allows to improve breakdown and increase ore yield from 1 bp wells by 10-15%. At the same time, real prerequisites are created for increasing the sub-floor height to 30 m and thereby reducing the volume of mine workings by 15-20%.

The proposed method for developing a powerful ore deposit is implemented as follows:

- when ore is blasted out of the boring deliveries, contouring blast holes are drilled at an angle of 70 ° (the angle of ore flow), thereby loosening the entire beaten mass and falling into the zone of discharge;

- the ore is broken by the drilling deliveries within the section to the border, located 7-9 m from the axis of the fault (figure 2);

- from the faults that have been drilled, blast holes 3 are drilled to drill the pillar 5 (Fig. 3), and horizontal wells are located at a height of 2.0-2.2 m from the bottom of the mine. Fans of blast holes while drilling a pillar are located 2.5-3.5 m, depending on the distance between the drilling deliveries;

- at one of the drilling deliveries (the place is selected from specific conditions), the ore is broken off and the interface with the ventilation fault is extinguished. This fault section subsequently plays the role of a cutting slot 4 for the subsequent blasting of the fan of the wells during the maturity redemption between the drilling deliveries (Fig. 2);

- the broken off stocks of pillars are issued for the development of the underlying horizon.

The proposed method allows to reduce ore losses and to reduce dilution due to better crushing and loosening of the beaten array, increasing the height of the ore ore layer, and consequently, the diameter of the ellipsoid of the output, to reduce the volume of mining and preparatory work by 15-20% due to the increase in the height of the substage, increase ore output from 1 rm wells by 10-15% and thereby increase the efficiency of treatment works using the system of sub-floor caving.

Literature

[1] Imenitov V.R. "Technology, mechanization and organization of production processes in underground mining of ore deposits." - M .: "Nedra", 1973, pp. 374-378.

[2] Demidov Yu.V., Aminov V.N. "Underground mining of powerful ore deposits." - M .: "Nedra", 1991

Claims (2)

1. A method of developing a powerful ore deposit, including dividing it into sub-floors, driving underground, transport and ventilation and drilling workings, drilling explosive fan wells, blasting sections with a thickness of one or two LNS, and discharging ore from the end of the mine using bucket loading delivery vehicles, characterized in that, in order to reduce losses and ore dilution, interruptions are carried out between the drilling deliveries on the operational horizon, of which the whole between the spent beards is drilled by the remaining workings and explodes before the start of mining of this section by the underlying horizon with the simultaneous repayment of the pillar over the fault to a specially cut-off slot, while the ore is broken from the underlying horizon to a height of one substage, which allows its height to be increased to 30 m and due to a more uniform distribution Explosives in the array improve the quality of ore crushing. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the redemption of the pillars between the drilling deliveries and over the fault to reduce losses, a partial release of ore from the ends of the fault is performed.

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