RU2357398C1 - Harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural mechanical engineering and can be used in harvesting by root stripping. The machine comprises a vehicle with a trailing module and a trailing truck. The trailing module consists of stripping and thrashing units and a device for supplying the thrashed grain to the trailing truck by a pipe conveyor. The stripping unit is made as at least one rotating stripping cylinder with stripping racks mounted on it. The thrashing unit is made as two belt conveyors mounted behind the stripping unit mainly perpendicular to the vehicle motion direction. The device for supplying the thrashed grain to the trailing truck is set at the end of the belt conveyors.

EFFECT: machine provides for high cereal crops harvesting quality with low costs.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to machines for harvesting.

A known grain harvesting machine, see RF application No. 2005131140, including a aggregated energy tool, a wheeled frame located on the side and a trailer, while a combing chamber with a cantilever mounting of the housing containing a drum with combing working bodies, a casing with a suction window is mounted on the wheeled frame a receiver with an inclined chamber with a scraper conveyor and a fan with a deflector, while the inclined chamber and deflector are in communication with the trailer through a pneumatic line, while the suction window is located with In front and below the drum there is a comb made of gutters with a beveled end mounted obliquely and connected to a receiver, above which a fan with a deflector is mounted in the casing above the drum, the fan is made diametrically, and its blades have the form of a comb made of semicircular plates, the casing is made above the drum wavy, the combing chamber has a hydroficated parallelogram lifting and lowering mechanism, the conveyor in the receiver is equipped on both sides with screw tips with oncoming turns, combing the workers on ogans are made in the form of L-shaped blades radially mounted on the drum, on which stripping plates with a comb of swept teeth and round recesses between them are mounted with the possibility of movement.

The disadvantages of the known design include its complexity and low technological capabilities.

A more sophisticated combine harvester is known - a prototype that includes sequentially mounted stripping unit, preseparator, threshing unit, threshing product cleaning unit, conveyor unit, energy module and technical means for packing grain into containers and a roll press. See TRIZ-PROFI Library “Effective Solutions in Agriculture”, Moscow: Kushnir, No. 2, 2007, p. 32, 33 fig. 12, 13.

The disadvantages of the known prototype device include the insufficient efficiency of combing the ears, increased trauma to the grains during threshing, the complexity of the structure, which contains several complex and expensive aggregates equipped with threshing devices that allow grain losses during harvesting, which have a large metal consumption and consume a large amount of fuel and lubricants.

An object of the present invention is to provide a combined harvesting unit with low costs and high quality grain harvesting.

The technical task is achieved in that the unit for harvesting includes a vehicle with implements for harvesting, combing and threshing blocks, means for moving threshed grain through a tubular conveyor, while the unit is equipped with a trailed module comprising a threshing block, made in the form of two tape conveyors, on the edge of which there is installed a means for moving threshed grain along the tubular conveyor, and belt conveyors are mounted behind the stripping unit com predominantly perpendicular direction of the vehicle, stripper unit is arranged, at least in one of the rotary drum at a predetermined speed by the stripper mounted thereon stripper combs.

Means for moving threshed grain through a tubular conveyor is made in the form of a rotating impeller with a drive that creates an air flow, which carries the transported mass.

The cleaning drums rotate at a speed of 300 to 1000 rpm.

The first combing drum in the direction of the combined unit rotates at a speed of 0.3 to 1.0 times the rotation speed of the second combing drum.

The combing combs of the combing drums are made curved in the form of arcs that facilitate the movement of ears from the edge of the comb to the middle.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution is that the unit is equipped with a trailed module, including a threshing unit, made in the form of two belt conveyors, on the edge of which there is a means for moving threshed grain along the tubular conveyor, and the belt conveyors are mounted behind the stripping block mainly perpendicular to the direction of movement of the vehicle , combing unit is made of at least one rotary combing drum rotating at a given speed with combing combs mounted on it.

These signs are new, non-obvious, industrially feasible and aimed at achieving the technical task set by the invention.

The signs of the implementation of the means for moving threshed grain along the tubular conveyor in the form of a rotating impeller with a drive that creates an air flow that carries the transported mass, the combing drums rotate at a speed of 300 to 1000 revolutions per minute, the first combining drum rotates at a speed equal to 0.3 to 1.0 rotational speeds of the second stripping drum, the combing combs of the stripping drums are made curved in the form of arcs that facilitate the formation of ears from the edge of the comb to the middle, are additional signs, revealing the specific constructive implementation of the main signs. These additional features, revealing the technical nature of the proposed technical solution, all together and individually contribute to the achievement of the technical task posed by the invention.

The technical nature of the proposed unit is illustrated by the attached graphic materials.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the proposed unit for harvesting, side view.

Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the proposed unit for harvesting, top view.

Figure 3 schematically shows a trailed module with a stripping unit and a threshing device.

Figure 4 schematically shows a threshing device, front view, with means for moving threshed grain through a tubular conveyor.

Figure 5 schematically shows the mechanism for supplying threshed grain to the transport pipeline.

The proposed unit for harvesting consists of a trailed module 1, combing, threshing the ears and feeding threshed grain to the towing cart 2. The cleaning mechanism consists of two drums 3 and 4 with combs 5 and 6, while the drum 3, so as not to damage the ears, the front and partially bottom is closed by a casing 7. Behind the drum 4, a threshing device is installed, consisting of two belt conveyors 8 and 9 with projections 10. At the end of the conveyor 8, a mechanism 11 with blades 12 for supplying threshed grain to the transport t is installed line 13 and further into the trolley 2.

The unit for harvesting is as follows.

When the vehicle 14 is moving across the field, the casing 7 of the combing drum 3 is in first contact with the stalks of ears 15.

In this case, the stems under the action of the casing 7 are tilted in the direction of movement of the unit, and after the passage of the casing 7, the ears 14 are straightened, captured by combs 6 of the combing drum 3 and fed to the combs 5 of the drum 4 curved in the form of arcs, which comb the ears and feed grain to the threshing conveyor 8 block.

The combing drums can rotate at the same or different speeds, for example, the combing drum 3 rotates at a speed of 300 rpm, and the combing drum is 800 rpm. The presence of a run and a choice in the speed of rotation of the drum 3 is achieved when the ears are subjected to maximum combing without pulling the stems out of the soil.

Under the influence of the protrusions 10 and the different speeds of the conveyors, threshing of ears is carried out, which were torn from the stems during combing. The grains that were combed and arrived at the conveyor 8 are moved with minimal mechanical impact on them, together with the conveyor 8, to the mechanism 11 with blades 12, which ensures the supply of threshed grain to the transport pipeline 13 and then to the trailed cart 2. Tray 16 mounted under the conveyor 8, provides the supply of threshed grains to the blades 12 of the mechanism 11. The unit stably performs technological operations at high speeds (up to 15 km / h).

The proposed harvesting unit allows harvesting of crops with low costs and high quality.

Currently, the proposed unit has developed working drawings and made a prototype, tests of which have shown positive results.

After conducting complex tests, a decision will be made to organize the production of the proposed units for harvesting.

Claims (5)

1. The unit for harvesting, including a vehicle with harvesting tools - combing and threshing blocks, means for moving threshed grain through a tubular conveyor, characterized in that the unit is equipped with a trailed module, including a threshing block, made in the form of two belt conveyors, on the edge of which there is a means for moving threshed grain along the tubular conveyor, and the conveyor belts are mounted behind the stripping unit mainly perpendicular to board the vehicle, stripper unit is arranged, at least in one rotating at a predetermined speed by the stripper drum mounted thereon stripper combs. 2. The harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for moving the threshed grain along the tubular conveyor is made in the form of a rotating impeller with a drive that creates an air flow, which carries the transported mass. 3. The harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the combing drums rotate at a speed of 300 to 1000 revolutions per minute. 4. The harvesting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the first combing drum in the direction of travel of the combined unit rotates at a speed equal to 0.3 to 1.0 rotational speeds of the second combing drum. 5. The harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the combing combs of the combing drums are made curved in the form of arcs, facilitating the movement of ears from the edge of the comb to the middle .

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