RU2340206C2 - Selenium containg furage supplement - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: supplement consists of sodium selenite, absorbed on natural zeolite clinoptilolite containing tuff from Kholinskiy minefield, whereat sodium is taken from calculation 50-200 mcg per 1 g of zeolite.

EFFECT: enables to simplify and speed up process of supplement preparation, to enrich product with minerals, increase selenium adoption by bird and animal organisms.

3 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to feed production.

There are various feed additives based on zeolites, which are mainly used as varieties of this mineral - clinoptilolite, permite.

Known mineral additive containing permite zeolite tuff of the Pervomaisky deposit of the Chuvash Republic, which is used in animal husbandry for fattening young pigs (see RU No. 2104655, 6 A23K 1/175, publ. 02.20.98, Bull. No. 5).

Known mineral additive based on zeolite, which is used clinoptilolite-containing tufa with a grain size of 1-2 mm, introduced into the composition of the components of the feed for young farm birds (see AS USSR No. 733618, MKI ⁵ A23K 1/175, publ. 20.05. 80).

Known immunomodulatory feed additive containing zeolite flour and polypeptides isolated from the organs of the immune system of young cattle (see RU 2194419 C1, 7 A23K 1/16, 1/175, publ. 20.12.02, Bull No. 35).

Known biostimulating feed additive, which includes the biomass of partially hydrolyzed yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and zeolite (see RU 2189762 C2, 7 A23K 1/16, A23J 3/20, publ. 09/27/02, Bull No. 27).

Known feed additive "Tsamax" for animals containing clinoptilolite and elemental sulfur (see. RF No. 21115332, MKI ⁶ A23K 1/175, publ. 20.07.98, Bull. 11).

The disadvantage of these feed additives is the lack of an essential trace mineral selenium.

Selenium is one of the key micronutrients of the body's antioxidant defense system: it is a part of glutathione peroxidases, dehydrogenase format, peroxidase, etc., has a positive effect on the immune system, increases resistance to radiation, neutralizes the effects of heavy metals, is involved in maintaining the function of the thyroid gland and reproductive organs.

Selenium is used for the prevention and treatment of toxic dystrophy of the liver of piglets, white-muscle disease of farm animals, to normalize metabolism, increase the overall resistance of the body and animal productivity.

Known feed additive for farm animals and birds (see patent 2234222, IPC A 23 K 1/16, A23K 1/175, publ. 08.20.04) containing pumpkin cake, biocorrector "Elite", chickpea flour, organic selenium , amino acids, organic acids, chalk, KI, DAFS-25 and defluorinated phosphate in certain proportions.

The disadvantage of this additive is its multicomponent and multi-stage process.

Known feed for the prevention of selenium and iodine deficiency in farm animals and birds "(see RU 2189762 C2, 7 A23K 1/16, 1/175, publ. 11/27/95, Bull No. 3). To stabilize the quantitative content of selenium and iodine, to increase the shelf life, aqueous solutions of potassium iodide, sodium selenite and an alcoholic solution of crystalline iodine are added to the starch paste, dried and ground to a powder state.

A disadvantage of the known feed additive is a narrow spectrum of action.

As a prototype adopted feed additive, consisting of starch paste and sodium selenite (patent No. 2181011, IPC A23K 1/16, 1/175, publ. 04/10/2002). A method of obtaining a feed additive includes preparing a starch paste, preparing an aqueous solution of sodium selenite in a ratio of 1:50, adding to a cooled paste and mixing for 20-30 minutes, then the mixture is evaporated, dried at 40-50 ° C to constant weight and crushed to powder state.

The disadvantage of the prototype of the claimed feed additives is the increased requirement for storage conditions. Starch at high humidity can absorb moisture and form a paste, which leads to disruption of the structure of the complex and, as a result, the release of sodium selenite with the loss of selenium as a result of oxidation and volatilization from the mixture.

In addition, the prototype has a narrow spectrum of action, as it only makes up for the lack of selenium in the body.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the process of producing additives, enrich the product with minerals, increase the absorption of selenium by the body of animals and birds.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the selenium-containing feed additive includes sodium selenite adsorbed on natural zeolite - clinoptilolite-containing tuff of the Kholinsky deposit, while sodium selenite is taken at a rate of 50-200 μg per 1 g of zeolite.

A distinctive feature of the proposed feed additive is the use of a zeolite, a clinoptilolite-containing tuff of the Kholinsky deposit, as a sorbent.

Zeolites have a porous nanoscale skeleton structure and exhibit molecular sieve, sorption, ion exchange, selective and catalytic properties, due to which they are regarded as highly selective catalysts, selective sorbents and membranes. Zeolites serve as a source of trace elements Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr, Li, Co, V, As, Fe, Si, Li, as well as Na, Ca, K, Mg, P.

The action of natural zeolite is manifested in the gastrointestinal tract. Passing through the gastrointestinal tract, the zeolite removes excess harmful gases, activates a number of digestive enzymes, which positively affects the absorption of nutrients, promotes the removal of toxins and endotoxins from the body, as well as heavy metals.

In the claimed invention, the clinoptilolite-containing tuff of the Kholinsky deposit (Transbaikalia) with a particle diameter of 1-2 mm is used as a sorbent, this kind of zeolite is safe, because does not contain lead. The chemical composition of tuff is as follows,%: SiO ₂ - 66.8; TiO ₂ - 0.07; Al ₂ O ₃ - 2.05; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 1.35; FeO 0.29; MnO 0.06; MgO - 0.46; CaO - 1.94; Na ₂ O - 1.36; K ₂ O - 3.91; P ₂ O ₅ - 0.01. The zeolite content in the used sample was 70%, the rest is represented by quartz, cristobalite, small amounts of mica, feldspar and volcanic glass. In addition, the use of zeolite-containing tuff in the claimed invention allows to reduce the level of mineral starvation, characteristic of the present time.

Selenium ions are adsorbed on clinoptilite-containing tuff from sodium selenite solutions in the entire pH range from 2 to 10. In experimental studies, it was found that SeO ₃ ^-2 selenite ions prevail in a neutral and alkaline medium, the appearance of which causes a sharp jump in the absorption capacity of zeolite-containing tuff .

At a low concentration of sodium selenite solution, the adsorption of selenium ions is negligible; at high concentrations, the ability of zeolite to absorb selenium increases. The high absorption capacity of selenium ions from concentrated solutions may be due to the fact that the adsorbed selenium ions become centers of adsorption of subsequent selenium ions, resulting in the formation of polymer forms in the sorbent phase. This conclusion follows on the basis of the data of [V.P. Kuzmicheva, M. B. Krasnopolskaya, T. I. Zalessky, etc., vol. XXVI, Herzen readings, Chemistry. Scientific reports. L., 1973, issue 1, p.139], which describes the formation of dimers in solutions with a concentration of> 0.01 M in the pH range 6.5–9.2; in less concentrated solutions, the existence of a monoselenic ion is recorded.

Sorption of selenium ions from concentrated, neutral and alkaline solutions occurs in the form of selenite ions. This provides a high absorption capacity of up to 31 mg / g. A sharp jump in the adsorbability of selenium ions in a neutral medium can also be facilitated by the coprecipitation of selenium ions in the pH range of 5.0–8.5 [V.I. Zelentsov, T.Ya.Datsko. Abstracts of the X All-Union Seminar "Chemistry and Technology of Inorganic Sorbents", Dushanbe, 1986, p.69] with free ions of aluminum, iron, calcium and silicon released from tuffs as a result of their partial dispersion.

The last assumption follows from the results of a chemical analysis of the precipitate formed as a result of the destruction of part of the tuff, wt.%: SiO ₂ - 9.9; TiO ₂ 0.74; Al ₂ O ₃ - 2.05; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 0.18; FeO - 0.11; MnO 0.05; MgO - 0.08; CaO 25.87; Na ₂ O - 0.57; K ₂ O - 0.6; P ₂ O ₅ - 0.01.

Dispersed solids are able to initiate or participate in polymerization and polycondensation reactions [Bryk MT Polymerization on a solid surface of inorganic substances. Kiev. 1981. 288 p.]; For example, surface defects, acid Lews, and Brandsted centers are very active in aluminosilicates. Similar centers are also present in zeolites; therefore, it can be assumed that the sorption of selenite ions occurs with the participation of these active centers, the concentration on which facilitates their polymerization. When ascorbic acid is treated with zeolite-containing tuff grains sorbed from a 0.091 M sodium selenite solution, selenium is reduced, forming red aggregates of various sizes up to 1 mm on the surface, which confirms the formation of polymer forms of selenite ions on the surface of the sorbent.

The effectiveness of selenium-containing feed additives was evaluated on chickens of the Dutch Leghorn breed at the age of 9-10 months: concentrations of selenium in eggs, meat and functional and technological parameters of chicken meat were determined.

Three groups of chickens were used in the experiment. The first group is intact, which received a feed ration without any additives. The content of selenium in feed without additives was 10 ± 0.15 μg / kg, which is a fairly low concentration. The second group is experimental, in the diet of which included the claimed feed additive (C + Se) at the rate of 5% by weight of the feed. The daily intake of selenium was 100 μg / day. The third group consists of chickens, in the diet of which they introduced a 0.001 M solution of sodium selenite (Na ₂ SeO ₃ ) at the rate of 100 μg of selenium per day. The experiment was carried out for a month.

The selenium content in the eggs was studied throughout the experiment on days 7, 14, 21, 28 of feeding. The results are presented in figure 1 and in table 1.

Table 1 The content of selenium in eggs of hens, at different times of the experiment No. Groups 0 days 7 days 14 days 21 day 28 days one Intact 21.4 ± 0.11 37.1 ± 0.16 * 39.1 ± 0.16 * 41.0 ± 0.33 * 41.9 ± 0.38 * 2 C + Se 23.4 ± 0.66 41.6 ± 0.10 * 51.5 ± 0.38 * 42.6 ± 0.16 * 74.5 ± 0.66 * 3 Na ₂ SeO ₃ 23.1 ± 0.70 28.5 ± 0.16 * 39.4 ± 0.66 * 64.2 ± 0.83 * 68.1 ± 0.10 * * significantly relative to 0 day (p≤0.01)

In almost all groups, an elevated content of selenium was found in chicken eggs. A high content of selenium in eggs after one month of inclusion of the additive in the chicken diet was observed in group No. 2 (C + Se) - 74.5 μg / egg and in group No. 3 - 68.1 μg / egg. The high concentration of selenium in the eggs of chickens from group No. 2 when the inventive additive is introduced into the feed is apparently due to the immobilization of the selenite ion and the prolonged action of the zeolite.

The next stage of the experiment was to determine the chemical composition and functional and technological parameters of chicken meat.

To assess the quality indicators of chicken meat, methods were used to determine moisture (GOST 9793-74), ash (GOST R 51411-99), protein (GOST 26889-86), fat (GOST 23042-86). Selenium was determined by the fluorometric method (MUK 4.1.033-95).

Functional and technological indicators: water-holding ability (HUS), fat-holding ability (HUS), moisture-binding ability (BCC) were evaluated by the method of Salavatullina P.M.

The results of the study are presented in tables 2, 3.

table 2 The effect of selenium-containing feed additives on the chemical composition of chicken meat No. Groups Moisture% Protein,% Fat% Ash% Selenium, mcg / g one. Intact 74.64 ± 1.027 21.02 ± 1.155 4.39 ± 0.255 1.11 ± 0.128 0.20 ± 0.028 2. C + Se 75.47 ± 1.781 20.51 ± 1.982 4.28 ± 0.150 1.34 ± 0.200 0.35 ± 0.066 ± * 3. Na ₂ Se0 ₃ 75.21 ± 2.672 21.40 ± 2.795 4.25 ± 0.185 1.22 ± 0.122 0.18 ± 0.020 * significantly relative to the intact group (p≤0.01)

Table 3 The effect of selenium-containing feed additives on the functional and technological indicators of chicken meat No. Groups the weight % VUS% ZhUS% one Intact 68.38 ± 2.296 74.41 ± 1.685 75.25 ± 1.270 2 C + Se 72.99 ± 0.822 73.7 ± 0.314 86.61 ± 2.716 * 3 Na2SeC> 3 70.58 ± 7.801 75.01 ± 3.313 81.69 ± 2.196 * * significantly relative to the intact group (p≤0.01)

No significant deviations from the indices of the intact group in terms of the chemical composition of chicken meat were found, except for the selenium content in chicken meat in group No. 2. 35 μg of selenium per 100 g of chicken meat was found in the meat of hens receiving the developed feed supplement, which indicates an increase in the digestibility of selenium by the animal organism. The increase in selenium content in chicken meat in the second group is apparently due to the immobilization of selenite ion on zeolite and the prolonged action of the carrier.

According to the functional and technological indicators, such as BCC and VUS, no significant deviations from the indicators of the intact group were observed (table No. 3), except for the fat-holding ability of chicken meat receiving selenium-containing feed additive and sodium selenite. The increase in fat loss is due to the fact that selenium is a strong antioxidant that prevents oxidative processes and fat destruction. From the foregoing, we can conclude that selenium-containing feed additive does not adversely affect the chemical composition and functional and technological parameters of chicken meat, and the ZhUS indicator increases, which makes it possible to use chicken meat in the production of various dietary products.

Experimental studies have shown that chicken meat is enriched with an essential trace mineral selenium in organic form, which is the most digestible and accessible form for humans. The content of selenium is 35 μg per 100 g of meat, which is within the recommended adequate level of consumption of the essential trace mineral selenium [Recommended levels of intake of food and biologically active substances: Guidelines MP 2.3.1.1915-04. - M .: 2004. - 46 p.].

The process of obtaining the inventive feed additives is simple in comparison with the prototype. The inventive feed additive is prepared as follows. A solution of sodium selenite is prepared at a concentration of 0.05-0.17 M, then mixed with a clinoptilolite-containing tuff of the Kholinsky deposit with a diameter of 1-2 mm in a ratio of 1: 1, incubated for 2-3 hours, centrifuged (1500 rpm) and the precipitate is dried at a temperature 40 ° C.

Ready feed additive has a friable structure, light gray color, odorless, particle size does not exceed 2 mm.

Examples confirming the possibility of using a biologically active feed additive

Example 1. A feed additive containing 100 μg of selenium in 1 gram of tuff, after four weeks of feeding chickens, increases the content of selenium in the egg to 74.5 μg per egg.

Example 2. A feed supplement containing 100 μg of selenium in 1 gram of tuff, after four weeks of feeding chickens, increases the content of selenium in chicken meat to 0.35 μg / g.

Example 3. A feed additive can be added to the diet of pigs, cattle (cattle), small cattle (cattle) and, thereby, enrich pig meat, cattle and cattle with selenium.

Example 4. A feed additive can be added to the diet of dairy cows, and as a result of feeding, the organic form of selenium accumulates in milk.

Example 5. A feed additive can be introduced into the diet of domestic animals in order to prevent white muscle cattle disease associated with deficiency of selenium in feed.

Claims (1)

A selenium-containing feed additive, characterized in that it contains sodium selenite adsorbed on the natural zeoliteclininoptilolite-containing tuff of the Kholinsky deposit, while sodium selenite is taken at a rate of 50-200 μg per 1 g of zeolite.