CN114246261A - Modified montmorillonite feed additive and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Modified montmorillonite feed additive and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114246261A CN114246261A CN202111640283.2A CN202111640283A CN114246261A CN 114246261 A CN114246261 A CN 114246261A CN 202111640283 A CN202111640283 A CN 202111640283A CN 114246261 A CN114246261 A CN 114246261A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- montmorillonite
- parts
- modified montmorillonite
- feed additive
- modified
- Prior art date
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- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical class O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a modified montmorillonite feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of feeds, wherein the modified montmorillonite feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-75 parts of modified montmorillonite, 2-5 parts of Armillaria mellea and 2-5 parts of inactivated lactobacillus; wherein the modified montmorillonite is amino acid modified sodium montmorillonite. The application provides a preparation method of a modified montmorillonite feed additive, which comprises the step of mixing the raw materials. The application also provides the application of the modified montmorillonite feed additive in livestock and poultry feed. By mixing Armillariella pseudomelanini and inactivated lactic acid bacteria with the modified montmorillonite provided by the application, the prepared modified montmorillonite feed additive shows a synergistic interaction effect in the aspects of adsorbing mycotoxin, preventing and treating diarrhea and the like, the toxic effect of the mycotoxin on the fed animals is reduced, the intestinal mucosa barrier function can be enhanced, and the intestinal health of the animals is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feeds, in particular to a modified montmorillonite feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Mycotoxin pollution in feed raw materials is a difficult problem in feed production, and if livestock and poultry eat feed polluted by mycotoxin, organs such as liver, kidney, reproductive system and the like can be affected, so that animal growth is slowed down, feed intake is reduced, and feed conversion rate is reduced. Therefore, the search for suitable methods for treating mycotoxins is an important problem to be solved by the feed industry.
Montmorillonite is a mineral name of bentonite, also called bentonite, montmorillonite and the like, and is a clay rock having montmorillonite as a main component, and can also be considered as a derivative of pyrophyllite. Montmorillonite has expansibility, adsorbability and cation exchange property, is non-corrosive, non-toxic and non-irritant to animals, and is widely applied to animal husbandry production as a mold remover in recent years, particularly to the feed industry. However, natural montmorillonite has a small specific surface area and poor adsorption properties, and requires a large amount of the montmorillonite in feed, and the effect sometimes does not meet the requirement. With the research and development of feed additives, only a single montmorillonite mildew remover is used, so that the effect is simple, various problems in animal growth are difficult to solve, and the feed is not comprehensive and reasonable in functionality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the feed additive which can adsorb mycotoxin, enhance the barrier function of intestinal mucosa, promote the health of intestinal tracts and prevent and treat diarrhea.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the application is as follows:
the application provides a modified montmorillonite feed additive which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-75 parts of modified montmorillonite, 2-5 parts of Armillaria mellea and 2-5 parts of inactivated lactobacillus;
the modified montmorillonite is amino acid modified sodium montmorillonite.
Preferably, the feed also comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 to 6 portions of perlite powder, 10 to 16 portions of allium plant extract, 8 to 15 portions of yeast cell wall, 4 to 6 portions of egg white peptide, 0.1 to 0.5 portion of racecadotril and 2 to 3 portions of alpha-lipoic acid.
Preferably, the amino acid comprises at least one of arginine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, serine.
The application also provides a preparation method of the modified montmorillonite feed additive, and the feed additive is the modified montmorillonite feed additive;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps:
mixing montmorillonite raw material with water, and filtering to obtain purified montmorillonite;
mixing a sodium chloride solution, hydrogen peroxide and the purified montmorillonite, and drying to obtain sodium-based montmorillonite;
and mixing amino acid, water and the sodium montmorillonite, and centrifugally cleaning to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
Further, the molar concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 0.8-1.2 mol/L;
preferably, the mass percent of the hydrogen peroxide is 8-10%;
preferably, the mass ratio of the sodium-based montmorillonite to the amino acid is 100: (0.3-5).
Further, after the cleaning, the method also comprises post-treatment;
the post-processing comprises: drying, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain the modified montmorillonite;
preferably, the mesh number of the sieved screen is 200-300 meshes.
Preferably, when the modified montmorillonite feed additive contains an allium plant extract, the preparation method of the allium plant extract comprises the following steps:
mixing at least one of garlic, leek, onion and allium mongolicum regel with water or ethanol, extracting, and evaporating the water or the ethanol to obtain the allium plant extract.
The application also provides the application of the modified montmorillonite feed additive in livestock and poultry feed.
Preferably, the modified montmorillonite feed additive comprises 1kg to 3kg per ton of the pig feed.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this application:
according to the modified montmorillonite feed additive, the montmorillonite is modified, so that the molecular interlayer spacing and the specific surface area of the montmorillonite are increased, particularly after amino acid is used for modification, amino groups in amino acid molecules can be combined with ions on montmorillonite layers, and the adsorption quantity of mycotoxin is further improved. The modified montmorillonite is added with Armillariella pseudomellea and inactivated lactobacillus, and the two bacteria are compounded, so that the feed additive shows a synergistic interaction effect in the aspects of adsorbing mycotoxin, preventing and treating diarrhea, regulating and controlling intestinal flora and the like, the toxic effect of the mycotoxin on the fed animals is reduced, the intestinal mucosa barrier function can be enhanced, and the intestinal health of the animals is promoted.
The preparation method of the modified montmorillonite feed additive is simple and safe to use, and the prepared feed additive is a non-toxic and harmless green additive; and the feed additive has low preparation cost and wide market prospect, and is suitable for large-scale production.
The application provides the application of the modified montmorillonite feed additive in the livestock and poultry feed, and the application of the modified montmorillonite feed additive in the livestock and poultry feed can greatly reduce the adsorption of animal bodies to mycotoxin, effectively reduce the diarrhea rate of piglets and promote the intestinal health of the piglets when the modified montmorillonite feed additive is particularly used in piglet feed, and has great application potential in livestock and poultry production.
Detailed Description
The terms as used herein:
"prepared from … …" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
The conjunction "consisting of … …" excludes any unspecified elements, steps or components. If used in a claim, the phrase is intended to claim as closed, meaning that it does not contain materials other than those described, except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of … …" appears in a clause of the subject matter of the claims rather than immediately after the subject matter, it defines only the elements described in the clause; other elements are not excluded from the claims as a whole.
When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when the range "1 ~ 5" is disclosed, the ranges described should be construed to include the ranges "1 ~ 4", "1 ~ 3", "1 ~ 2 and 4 ~ 5", "1 ~ 3 and 5", and the like. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range.
In these examples, the parts and percentages are by mass unless otherwise indicated.
"part by mass" means a basic unit of measure indicating a mass ratio of a plurality of components, and 1 part may represent any unit mass, for example, 1g or 2.689 g. If we say that the part by mass of the component A is a part by mass and the part by mass of the component B is B part by mass, the ratio of the part by mass of the component A to the part by mass of the component B is a: b. alternatively, the mass of the A component is aK and the mass of the B component is bK (K is an arbitrary number, and represents a multiple factor). It is unmistakable that, unlike the parts by mass, the sum of the parts by mass of all the components is not limited to 100 parts.
"and/or" is used to indicate that one or both of the illustrated conditions may occur, e.g., a and/or B includes (a and B) and (a or B).
The application provides a modified montmorillonite feed additive which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 to 75 parts of modified montmorillonite (for example, any value between 60 parts, 62 parts, 64 parts, 66 parts, 68 parts, 70 parts, 73 parts, 75 parts or 60 to 75 parts), 2 to 5 parts of Armillaria mellea (for example, any value between 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts or 2 to 5 parts) and 2 to 5 parts of inactivated lactobacillus (for example, any value between 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts or 2 to 5 parts). The modified montmorillonite is amino acid modified sodium montmorillonite.
The montmorillonite has good adsorption effect due to large electronegativity, large molecular specific surface area and large interlayer distance, is commonly used as a feed mildew removal agent to adsorb mycotoxin, can adsorb various heavy metal elements, and remarkably reduces the accumulation of heavy metals in livestock and poultry bodies, thereby achieving the purpose of being beneficial to the health of organisms. Meanwhile, the effect of preventing and treating diarrhea can be achieved by relieving stress reaction, adsorbing harmful gas in gastrointestinal tract, adhering harmful pathogenic bacteria and promoting intestinal health.
The performance of the sodium-based montmorillonite is generally superior to that of the calcium-based montmorillonite which is common in nature, so the calcium-based montmorillonite can be modified into the sodium-based montmorillonite by utilizing the cation exchange performance of the montmorillonite. In order to further increase the distance between montmorillonite layers, the adsorption performance of the modified montmorillonite can be further improved by binding amino acids to sodium-based montmorillonite, organizing the sodium-based montmorillonite, and binding the amino groups in the amino acids to ions on the montmorillonite layers.
Armillaria mellea can produce polysaccharide, polypeptide, leucin B, etc., and has effects of improving immunity, treating cholecystitis, acute and chronic hepatitis, gastritis, etc., and resisting tumor.
The inactivated lactobacillus has the advantages that the lactobacillus no longer has the growth and reproduction capability by physical or chemical means, plays an important role in the aspects of adsorbing mycotoxin, adhering pathogenic bacteria, enhancing the intestinal mucosa barrier function, regulating and controlling intestinal flora and the like, and has great application potential in livestock production.
The feed additive is further added with the Armillaria pseudomellea and the inactivated lactobacillus, and the synergistic effect in the aspects of adsorbing mycotoxin, preventing and treating diarrhea, regulating and controlling intestinal flora and the like is realized by compounding the Armillaria pseudomellea and the inactivated lactobacillus, so that the growth of animal organisms is facilitated.
In some embodiments of the present application, the amino acid comprises at least one of arginine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, serine. Preferably, arginine is selected for modifying the sodium montmorillonite.
In some embodiments of the present application, the composition further comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: perlite powder 3-6 parts (for example, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts or any value between 3 parts and 6 parts), Allium extract 10-16 parts (for example, 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts, 16 parts or any value between 10 parts and 16 parts), yeast cell wall 8-15 parts (for example, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts or any value between 8 parts and 15 parts), albumin peptide 4-6 parts (for example, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts or any value between 4 parts and 6 parts), racecadotril 0.1-0.5 parts (for example, 0.1 part, 0.15 part, 0.2 part, 0.25 part, 0.3 part, 0.35 part, 0.4 part, 0.45 part, 0.5 part or any value between 0.1 part and 0.2 parts (for example, 3 parts or 2 parts) and lipoic acid alpha 2 parts (for example, 3 parts and 2 parts), 2.5 parts, 3 parts, or any value between 2 parts and 3 parts).
In the feed additive, the component of the perlite powder is calcium carbonate, which can supplement calcium for animals, and can also be used as an adsorbent or a carrier to adsorb mycotoxin in animals.
The allium plant extract contains sulfide, steroid saponin, flavonoid, cholestan glycoside, vitamins, trace elements and other active components, and when the allium plant extract is used in feed, the allium plant extract can induce food and promote digestion, has obvious inhibiting effect on various pathogenic bacteria such as escherichia coli, staphylococcus, pneumococcus and the like, resists oxidation and mold and improves the immunity of organisms.
The yeast cell wall is a byproduct in the production process of saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the main functional components of the yeast cell wall are beta-glucan and mannan, so that the immunity of an animal body can be improved, the propagation of harmful bacteria in the intestinal tract of the animal can be inhibited, the health condition of the animal can be improved, the mycotoxin in the feed can be adsorbed, the growth of the animal body can be promoted, and the yeast cell wall has obvious effects.
The egg white peptide is a small peptide having 2 to 9 amino acid residues produced by enzymolysis of various proteins in egg white. The egg white peptide has more functional characteristics, and meanwhile, the absorption speed of the organism to the peptide is higher than that of free amino acid, the absorption efficiency is high, free radicals can be eliminated, and the activity of the organism is improved.
Racecadotril is an enkephalinase inhibitor, protects endogenous enkephalin from degradation, prolongs the physiological activity of the endogenous enkephalin in the digestive tract, can be quickly hydrolyzed into acetoxaphene in peripheral tissues, increases the utilization of opioid, activates opioid receptors in the intestinal tract, reduces excessive secretion of water and electrolytes, and generally plays a role in stopping diarrhea.
Alpha-lipoic acid is an antioxidant substance, has the characteristics of fat solubility and water solubility, can be absorbed by tissues and organs, participates in regulating the normal metabolism of animal organisms, improves the resistance of animals, increases the feed intake of animals, can be chelated with metal ions in the animals, and has a certain detoxification effect on heavy metal ions.
According to the feed additive, the adsorption effect of mycotoxin is improved by utilizing the modified montmorillonite, and the feed additive which can adsorb mycotoxin, adhere pathogenic bacteria, enhance the intestinal mucosa barrier function and promote the growth of animal organisms is prepared by combining allium plant extract, yeast cell wall, perlite powder, Armillariella Mellea, inactivated lactobacillus, egg white peptide, racecadotril, alpha-lipoic acid and the like.
The application also provides a preparation method of the modified montmorillonite feed additive, which comprises the step of mixing the raw materials.
In some embodiments of the present application, the method of preparing modified montmorillonite specifically comprises:
(1) weighing 1kg of montmorillonite raw material, adding 10L of water, stirring, precipitating, removing sand, washing with distilled water for at least three times, vacuum filtering, and drying to obtain purified montmorillonite.
(2) After the montmorillonite is purified, sodium chloride solution and hydrogen peroxide can be added into the dried purified montmorillonite, then the mixture is heated and stirred for 1 to 2 hours, and then the mixture is dried, ground and sieved to obtain 200-mesh sodium-based montmorillonite. Wherein the molar concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 0.8-1.2 mol/L, the mass percent of the hydrogen peroxide is 8-10%, and the volume ratio of the sodium chloride solution to the hydrogen peroxide is (3-5): (4-6). Preferably, the molar concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 1mol/L, the mass percent of the hydrogen peroxide is 10%, and the volume ratio of the sodium chloride solution to the hydrogen peroxide is 1: 1.
(3) weighing the obtained sodium montmorillonite, adding amino acid with the mass being 0.3-5% of the mass of the sodium montmorillonite, then adding water, stirring for 2-2.5 h, centrifugally cleaning for at least three times by using water, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain the modified montmorillonite. Preferably, the mesh number of the screen during sieving is 200 to 300 meshes.
In one embodiment of the application, when arginine is selected to modify sodium montmorillonite, the addition mass of the arginine is 0.3-0.8% of the mass of the sodium montmorillonite.
In one embodiment of the present application, the allium extract is prepared by a method comprising: mixing at least one of Bulbus Allii, folium Allii tuberosi, Bulbus Allii Cepae and Allium mongolicum with water or ethanol, extracting by decocting with water or soaking in ethanol, and evaporating water or ethanol to obtain Allium plant extract.
The application also provides a feed which comprises the modified montmorillonite feed additive. Preferably, each ton of the feed comprises 1kg to 3kg of the modified montmorillonite feed additive.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1
The modified montmorillonite feed additive in the embodiment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of modified montmorillonite, 5 parts of Armillaria mellea and 5 parts of inactivated lactobacillus.
The preparation method of the modified montmorillonite feed additive in the embodiment comprises the step of mixing the modified montmorillonite, the Armillariella pseudomonad and the inactivated lactobacillus according to the formula proportion.
The preparation method of the modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing 1kg of montmorillonite raw material in 10L of water, stirring, precipitating, removing sand, washing with distilled water for three times, filtering, and oven drying in a constant temperature drying oven to obtain purified montmorillonite.
(2) And adding 5L of 1mol/L NaCl solution into the purified montmorillonite, adding 5L of hydrogen peroxide with the mass percent of 10%, stirring for 2h, drying at 60 ℃, grinding and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the sodium-based montmorillonite.
(3) Weighing the sodium montmorillonite, weighing arginine to enable the mass of the arginine to be 0.5% of that of the sodium montmorillonite, then adding the arginine into water together, continuously stirring for 2.5h at room temperature, then carrying out centrifugal cleaning for three times by using the water, drying, then grinding, and sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
Example 2
The modified montmorillonite feed additive in the embodiment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of modified montmorillonite, 3 parts of perlite powder, 12 parts of allium plant extract, 15 parts of yeast cell wall, 4 parts of pseudohalimasch, 4 parts of inactivated lactobacillus, 4 parts of egg white peptide, 0.1 part of racecadotril and 2 parts of alpha-lipoic acid.
The preparation method of the modified montmorillonite feed additive in the embodiment comprises the steps of mixing the modified montmorillonite, the perlite powder, the allium plant extract, the yeast cell wall, the pseudomonad, the inactivated lactobacillus, the racecadotril, the egg white peptide and the alpha-lipoic acid according to the formula proportion.
Wherein, the preparation method of the modified montmorillonite is shown as example 1, and the preparation method of the Allium plant extract comprises the following steps: mixing Bulbus Allii with water, extracting by decocting in water, and evaporating to obtain Allium plant extract.
Example 3
The modified montmorillonite feed additive in the embodiment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 62 parts of modified montmorillonite, 5 parts of perlite powder, 15 parts of allium plant extract, 8 parts of yeast cell wall, 4 parts of pseudohalimasch, 4 parts of inactivated lactobacillus, 4 parts of egg white peptide, 0.1 part of racecadotril and 3 parts of alpha-lipoic acid.
The preparation method of the modified montmorillonite feed additive in this example is the same as example 2, except that the preparation method of the allium plant extract comprises the following steps: mixing folium Allii tuberosi with water, extracting by decocting in water, and evaporating water to obtain Allium plant extract.
Example 4
The modified montmorillonite feed additive in the embodiment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of modified montmorillonite, 3 parts of perlite powder, 16 parts of allium plant extract, 11 parts of yeast cell wall, 4 parts of pseudohalimasch, 3 parts of inactivated lactobacillus, 5 parts of egg white peptide, 0.15 part of racecadotril and 2 parts of alpha-lipoic acid.
The preparation method of the modified montmorillonite feed additive in this example is the same as example 2, except that the preparation method of the allium plant extract comprises the following steps: mixing onion with ethanol, extracting by soaking, and evaporating ethanol to obtain Allium plant extract.
Example 5
The modified montmorillonite feed additive in the embodiment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of modified montmorillonite, 6 parts of perlite powder, 12 parts of allium plant extract, 14 parts of yeast cell wall, 3 parts of pseudohalimasch, 3 parts of inactivated lactobacillus, 5 parts of egg white peptide, 0.1 part of racecadotril and 2 parts of alpha-lipoic acid.
The preparation method of the modified montmorillonite feed additive in this example is the same as that of example 2.
Example 6
The modified montmorillonite feed additive in the embodiment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of modified montmorillonite, 3 parts of perlite powder, 10 parts of allium plant extract, 12 parts of yeast cell wall, 4 parts of pseudohalimasch, 3 parts of inactivated lactobacillus, 6 parts of egg white peptide, 0.15 part of racecadotril and 3 parts of alpha-lipoic acid.
The preparation method of the modified montmorillonite feed additive in this example is the same as that of example 3.
Comparative example 1
The modified montmorillonite feed additive in this comparative example contained only 70 parts of modified montmorillonite, wherein the preparation method of modified montmorillonite was the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 2
The montmorillonite feed additive in this comparative example only contained 70 parts of commercially available high-purity nano-montmorillonite, wherein the manufacturers of the high-purity nano-montmorillonite were Yao, Chifeng city and Biotech Co.
Comparative example 3
The montmorillonite feed additive in this comparative example contained only 70 parts of purified, unmodified montmorillonite, wherein the method for producing purified montmorillonite was the same as in step (1) of the method for producing modified montmorillonite of example 1.
Comparative example 4
In the modified montmorillonite feed additive in the comparative example, the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of modified montmorillonite and 5 parts of Armillaria mellea.
The preparation method of the modified montmorillonite feed additive in this comparative example is the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 5
In the modified montmorillonite feed additive in the comparative example, the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of modified montmorillonite and 5 parts of inactivated lactobacillus.
The preparation method of the modified montmorillonite feed additive in this comparative example is the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 6
Unlike example 2, this comparative example does not add perlite powder, and is otherwise the same as example 2.
Comparative example 7
Unlike example 2, this comparative example was identical to example 2 except that no extract of allium species was added.
Comparative example 8
Unlike example 2, this comparative example was identical to example 2 except that no yeast cell wall was added.
Comparative example 9
Unlike example 2, this comparative example was identical to example 2 except that no protein peptide was added.
Comparative example 10
Unlike example 2, this comparative example does not add racecadotril, and is otherwise the same as example 2.
Comparative example 11
Unlike example 2, the comparative example does not add alpha-lipoic acid, and is otherwise the same as example 2.
Mycotoxin adsorption tests were performed for examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-11, using the following specific procedure: firstly setting a control group, namely adding 100ppb aflatoxin and 500ppb zearalenone into a feed without adding a feed additive, filling the mixture into a 250ml triangular flask, adding 150ml sterile water for dissolving, treating for 2.5 hours at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ at 100r/min, and measuring the contents of aflatoxin and zearalenone in the mixture, wherein the test results are shown in table 1.
Then according to 2kg of feed additive is added into each ton of feed, the feed additives of the examples 1-6 and the comparative examples 1-11 are respectively added into the feed, then 100g of feed is respectively weighed, 100ppb of aflatoxin and 500ppb of zearalenone are added, the materials are respectively put into 250ml triangular bottles after being uniformly mixed, 150ml of sterile water is added for dissolving, the temperature is kept at 25 ℃, the treatment is carried out for 2.5h at 100r/min, the content of aflatoxin and zearalenone in each triangular bottle is respectively measured, and the test result is shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 control group effect on aflatoxin and zearalenone removal
TABLE 2 removal of aflatoxins and zearalenone by the examples and comparative examples
As is clear from the results in tables 1 and 2, the effect of removing aflatoxin and zearalenone was better in the case of the feed containing the feed additive than in the case of the feed containing no feed additive.
Analyzing the data in table 2 shows that: compared with comparative examples 2 and 3, the modified montmorillonite of the application in comparative example 1 has better effect of removing aflatoxin and zearalenone. Comparing the mold removal effects of comparative examples 4 and 5 with that of comparative example 1, it can be found that comparative example 4, in which Armillaria pseudomellea is added to the modified montmorillonite alone, has an aflatoxin removal rate increased by 2.45 and a zearalenone toxin removal rate increased by 0.38; compared with the comparative example 5 in which the inactivated lactobacillus is added into the modified montmorillonite alone, the aflatoxin removal rate is improved by 1.5, and the zearalenone removal rate is improved by 0.6. Compared with the comparative example 1, the combined use of the pseudomellea, the inactivated lactobacillus and the modified montmorillonite improves the aflatoxin removal rate by 8 and the zearalenone removal rate by 1.2. Obviously, the mixed Armillariella pseudomellea, inactivated lactobacillus and modified montmorillonite in example 1 has better effect on removing aflatoxin and zearalenone, and has synergistic effect.
Examples 2-6 compared to example 1, it can be seen that examples 2-6 contained more ingredients and were more effective in removing mold than example 1. Examples 2 to 6 compared with comparative examples 6 to 11, it was found that the mold removal effect was not as good as that of the complete feed additive without any one of the components of perlite powder, allium plant extract, yeast cell wall, egg white peptide, racecadotril, alpha-lipoic acid. Therefore, the feed additive has good adsorption and removal effects on the mould of the feed, wherein the effect of the example 6 is the best, and the feed additive is the optimal scheme in terms of the mould adsorption effect.
The piglet diarrhea test is carried out on the examples 1-6 and the comparative examples 1-11, and the specific process is as follows: the feed additives of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-11 were added to the feed, respectively, as 2kg of feed additive per ton of feed. The method comprises the steps of selecting 270 heads of three-element weaned piglets with health conditions and approximate weights of 20-30 days old by adopting single-factor design, randomly dividing the three-element weaned piglets into 18 groups, feeding piglet feed without feed additives by taking one group of 15 weaned piglets as a control group, feeding the rest 17 groups of piglet feed with the feed additives of the embodiment and the comparative example respectively, feeding the rest 17 groups of piglets with the feed additives of the embodiment of the application in a consistent weight, and counting the number of heads of the weaned piglets per group with diarrhea per day. After 21 days of the test period, the test results are shown in tables 3 and 4 below.
The formula for calculating the diarrhea rate is shown as follows:
determination of the amount of E.coli in feces: at the end of the 21d test, about 5g of fresh excrement discharged by 3 healthy piglets in each group is randomly collected, mixed, packaged by using a sterile self-sealing bag and stored in a refrigerator. The number of E.coli in fecal microorganisms collected from each group was determined by plate counting. 1.0g of the feces sample and 9mL of sterilized normal saline are uniformly mixed in a sterile operating platform to prepare a mixture of 10: 1, thoroughly mixing, and preparing lmL diluent into 10 mL of sterilized normal saline solution for each tube-2Dilution of the resulting mixture was performed in sequence of 10-3～10-5And (6) diluting. Will 10-3～10-5The diluted solution is coated on a MacconKa culture medium, the number of escherichia coli is counted, the escherichia coli is cultured in a thermostat at 37 ℃ for 24 hours, counting is carried out, each dilution gradient is repeated for 3 times, and finally an average value is obtained. The amount of E.coli in faeces was expressed in lg (CFU/g) (logarithm of the total number of colonies contained per gram of intestinal content).
TABLE 3 number of E.coli in the feces of weaned piglets of different test groups
TABLE 4 diarrhea rates in weaned piglets in different test groups
As is clear from the results in tables 3 and 4, the number of Escherichia coli collected in feces was also high in the group with high diarrhea rate. Specifically, compared with comparative examples 2 and 3, the feed using the modified montmorillonite of the application in comparative example 1 has the advantages of reduced piglet diarrhea rate and reduced fecal escherichia coli number. Compared with comparative examples 4 and 5, the diarrhea rate of piglets and the quantity of fecal escherichia coli are further reduced by compounding the pseudomellea, the inactivated lactic acid bacteria and the modified montmorillonite of the application in example 1. Compared with comparative examples 6-11, the modified montmorillonite feed additive added into the feed can effectively reduce the diarrhea rate of piglets and the quantity of fecal escherichia coli, but any one of the components of perlite powder, allium plant extract, yeast cell wall, egg white peptide, racecadotril and alpha-lipoic acid is lacked, and the effects of reducing the diarrhea rate of piglets and the quantity of fecal escherichia coli colonies are not good as that of the complete modified montmorillonite feed additive. Among them, the best effect of example 6 is the best scheme of the application in terms of reducing the diarrhea rate of piglets and the number of fecal escherichia coli.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims above, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The modified montmorillonite feed additive is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-75 parts of modified montmorillonite, 2-5 parts of Armillaria mellea and 2-5 parts of inactivated lactobacillus;
the modified montmorillonite is amino acid modified sodium montmorillonite.
2. The modified montmorillonite feed additive of claim 1, further comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 to 6 portions of perlite powder, 10 to 16 portions of allium plant extract, 8 to 15 portions of yeast cell wall, 4 to 6 portions of egg white peptide, 0.1 to 0.5 portion of racecadotril and 2 to 3 portions of alpha-lipoic acid.
3. The modified montmorillonite feed additive of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the amino acid comprises at least one of arginine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, serine.
4. A method for producing a modified montmorillonite feed additive, characterized in that the feed additive is the modified montmorillonite feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 3;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials.
5. The method for producing a modified montmorillonite feed additive of claim 4, wherein the method for producing a modified montmorillonite comprises:
mixing montmorillonite raw material with water, and filtering to obtain purified montmorillonite;
mixing a sodium chloride solution, hydrogen peroxide and the purified montmorillonite, and drying to obtain sodium-based montmorillonite;
and mixing amino acid, water and the sodium montmorillonite, and cleaning to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
6. The method for producing a modified montmorillonite feed additive of claim 5, wherein the molar concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 0.8mol/L to 1.2 mol/L;
preferably, the mass percent of the hydrogen peroxide is 8-10%;
preferably, the mass ratio of the sodium-based montmorillonite to the amino acid is 100: (0.3-5).
7. The process for preparing a modified montmorillonite feed additive of claim 5, further comprising post-treatment after the washing;
the post-processing comprises: drying, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain the modified montmorillonite;
preferably, the mesh number of the sieved screen is 200-300 meshes.
8. The method for producing a modified montmorillonite feed additive according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein when the modified montmorillonite feed additive contains an Allium plant extract, the method for producing the Allium plant extract comprises:
mixing at least one of garlic, leek, onion and allium mongolicum regel with water or ethanol, extracting, and evaporating the water or the ethanol to obtain the allium plant extract.
9. Use of the modified montmorillonite feed additive of any of claims 1-3 in livestock feed.
10. The use of a modified montmorillonite feed additive in livestock feed according to claim 9, wherein for pig feed, 1kg to 3kg of the modified montmorillonite feed additive is included per ton of the pig feed.
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