RU2340203C1 - Method of manufacturing food protein isolate from sunflower extraction cake - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: sunflower extraction cake is extracted by sodium chloride water solution in order to isolate protein, then insoluble sediment is separated by filtration in order to obtain extract, the extract is treated by acidic-type agent in order to precipitate protein and bind phenol compounds. Succinic acid water solution with the concentration of 3-5% is used as an acidic-type agent; precipitation is carried out during 20-30 minutes with stirring under the temperature of 45-55°C and relation of weight fractions of the extract and succinic acid equal to 1:10-1:12. Solid and liquid phases are separated by centrifuging, solid residue is washed and dried.

EFFECT: proposed method allows manufacturing of a desired product from sunflower extraction cake with high protein content and low phenol compound quantity, having light colour without using toxic agents and large quantity of washing water solutions.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the production of protein isolate from industrial sunflower meal, which can be used in the food industry in the production of sauces, mayonnaise, bakery and meat products.

Currently, the oil and fat industry has a huge amount of meal, which so far is mainly used for agricultural purposes. A valuable property of sunflower meal is a high protein content, low cost and the absence of toxic and anti-nutritional substances. The appropriate extraction of proteins from sunflower meal is due to the favorable amino acid composition (Vedernikova E.I., Knyazhanskaya B.A., Savrasova L.L. Use of sunflower proteins in the baking industry. - M .: TSNIIITEIPP. - 1980. - 40 p.).

One of the main requirements for the resulting protein products is the lack of a constant color. In this regard, the high concentration of chlorogenic acid in sunflower meal and its ability to form dark-colored complexes with proteins limits the widespread use of sunflower proteins in food technology and requires the search for ways to reduce chlorogenic acid (Shcherbakov V.G. Production of protein products from oilseeds. V.G. Shcherbakov, S.B.Ivanitsky. - M.: Agropromizdat. - 1987. - 152 p.).

There is a two-stage method for producing protein isolate from industrial sunflower meal (Shcherbakov V.G., Gorshkova L.M., Kovalenko N.P., Rubina L.V., Kuznichenko V.N., Rakovsky P.P. About food quality indicators sunflower protein. - "University News. Food Technology" - 1976. - No. 1. - P.154).

According to this method, at the first stage, a salt-soluble protein is extracted by extracting it with a 7% solution of sodium chloride, acidified with hydrochloric acid. After mixing the meal with the extractant, the pH rises to 5.4-5.8, therefore, to precipitate the dissolved protein, the extract is acidified with a hydrochloric acid solution until an isoelectric point is reached. The precipitated protein is dried in a spray dryer.

In the second stage, the insoluble residue of the meal after extraction with saline is treated with sodium hydroxide solution. The further process is carried out in the same way as for the salt-soluble protein.

However, in the known method, protein from sunflower meal is extracted in several stages. First, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, then sodium hydroxide, which gives large losses in the process of using several extractants due to the multi-stage process and requires a large number of technological solutions. The resulting protein has a high content of phenolic compounds that obscure its color.

A known method of producing a protein isolate from a protein-containing substance (patent No. 2233097, IPC ⁷ A23J 3/34 "Method for producing a protein isolate from a protein-containing substance"; publ. 07.27.2004.).

A protein from a substance ground to a flour state is dissolved by using at least one countercurrent protease. Then, using an inorganic acid, the protein is precipitated from the solution and neutralized. The protein is transferred into the solution by at least two-stage treatment using one protease, the pH value is higher than 8, and heating at a temperature of 30-60 ° C. The flour in the first stage is processed at a lower concentration of the protease, based on the weight of the protein, lower pH and higher temperature than in the second stage. After the first stage, the first supernatant is separated from the flour-containing fraction, from which protein is precipitated. After the second stage, a second supernatant is separated, which is returned to the first stage.

The disadvantage of this method of producing protein isolate is the multi-stage process using a large number of technological solutions, which requires their disposal, and the increase in the cost of the final product.

Closest to the claimed method is a method for producing protein from sunflower meal by extraction with a solution of sodium chloride (Rubina L.V., Gorshkova L.M., Rakovsky P.P., Chaika Z.A. Content of phenolic compounds in the protein isolate. - Fat and oil industry - 1977. - No. 3. - S.17-19). The extraction of protein substances was carried out with a 7% solution of sodium chloride at pH 3 and a temperature of 60 ° C for 1 hour. A suspension of the protein extract with the remainder of the meal was separated in a centrifuge. Protein precipitation from the extract was carried out with a 10% hydrochloric acid solution. After precipitation, the resulting protein paste was separated from whey water and washed with water in a ratio of 1:10.

However, in the known method, the protein has a high content of phenolic compounds. In addition, from an environmental point of view, the large volume of wash water solutions makes it difficult to use this technology in practice due to the problem of their disposal or regeneration, and also significantly increases the cost of protein and does not allow, from an economic point of view, its use in production.

The known method does not allow to efficiently obtain high quality protein that does not darken during heat treatment using non-toxic reagents and the minimum cost of washing aqueous solutions with low environmental damage to the environment.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method using non-toxic reagents and the minimum cost of washing aqueous solutions to obtain high-quality food protein isolate, not darkening during heat treatment, for introduction into light-colored food products.

The technical solution to the problem is to obtain a light-colored protein isolate that is safe for human life, containing a minimum amount of chlorogenic and caffeic acids, eliminating toxic reagents, reducing the duration and volume of washing aqueous solutions, and reducing the cost of the resulting product.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the claimed method for producing food protein isolate from sunflower meal, the protein is extracted from the meal with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, the insoluble precipitate is separated by filtration to obtain the extract, the extract is treated with an acid-type reagent to precipitate the protein and bind phenolic compounds, separation centrifugation of solid and liquid phases, washing the solid residue and drying

In this case, an acid solution of succinic acid with a concentration of 3-5% is used as the acid type reagent, the precipitation is carried out with stirring for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 45-55 ° C and the ratio of the parts by weight of the extract and succinic acid is 1: 10-1: 12 .

Cleaning the meal from large parts and impurities is carried out to intensify the process of dissolution and extraction. The extraction of protein from sunflower meal is carried out with a 10% aqueous solution of sodium chloride. To separate the insoluble precipitate, the extract obtained is filtered. To precipitate the protein and bind phenolic compounds, the extract is treated with an acid type reagent. As a result of studies, it was found that an acidic reagent was preferred in an aqueous solution of succinic acid with a concentration of 3-5%, probably because the interaction of succinic and chlorogenic acids produces more polar complexes that are readily soluble in water and are easily removed with water at the stage washing the solid residue.

After precipitation, the resulting protein was separated from serum water by centrifugation, followed by washing with water and drying. The temperature regime of 45-55 ° C ensures the effective dissolution of succinic acid and the most complete extraction of phenolic compounds. Mixing provides an increase in the intensity of the ongoing processes. The time interval of 20-30 minutes and the ratio of the weight parts of the extract and the aqueous solution of succinic acid 1: 10-1: 12 are selected as a result of the analysis of experimental data. The combination of operations provides a bright protein isolate with a high protein content and the greatest removal of phenolic compounds from it, reducing the duration of technological operations and the volume of washing aqueous solutions.

The inventive method for producing protein isolate from sunflower meal differs in other composition and parameters of working solutions for precipitation of protein and extraction of phenolic compounds.

The inventive method is illustrated by examples of specific performance.

Example 1. As a raw material selected sunflower meal. After cleaning the sunflower meal from large parts and impurities, extracting the protein from the meal with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, separating the insoluble precipitate by filtration to precipitate the protein and binding the phenolic compounds, the extract was treated with a 3% aqueous solution of succinic acid with stirring for 20 minutes at a temperature of 45 ° C from the calculation of 1 weight part of the extract to 10 weight parts of succinic acid. After separating the solid phase from the liquid by centrifugation, the precipitate was washed with water and dried.

Example 2. As a raw material selected sunflower meal. After cleaning the sunflower meal from large parts and impurities, extracting the protein with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, separating the insoluble precipitate by filtration to precipitate the protein and binding phenolic compounds, the extract was treated with a 5% aqueous solution of succinic acid with stirring for 30 minutes at a temperature of 55 ° C based on 1 part by weight of extract to 12 parts by weight of succinic acid. After separating the solid phase from the liquid by centrifugation, the precipitate was washed with water and dried.

Biochemical parameters of the products obtained by the present method and the known method are presented in the table.

Table 1 Protein product obtained Crude protein content,% absolutely
dry matter The acid content,% on absolutely dry matter Product color Chlorogenic Coffee house by a known method 85.0 0.807 0,080 Light gray according to the claimed
way Example 1 87.3 0,022 0,020 Creamy white Example 2 88.1 0,020 0.015 Creamy white

Thus, the inventive method for producing protein isolate from sunflower meal allows you to get the target product with a high protein content and a small amount of phenolic compounds, having a light color without the use of toxic reagents and a large volume of washing aqueous solutions.

Claims (2)

1. A method of obtaining a food protein isolate from sunflower meal, including extracting protein from a meal with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, separating the insoluble precipitate by filtration to obtain an extract, treating the extract with an acid-type reagent to precipitate the protein and binding phenolic compounds, separation by centrifugation of solid and liquid phases, washing solid residue and drying, characterized in that the acidic type reagent is an aqueous solution of succinic acid with a concentration of 3-5%, wire deposition it is at a temperature of 45-55 ° C and the ratio of the weight parts of the extract and succinic acid is 1: 10-1: 12. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing is carried out for 20-30 minutes