RU2516759C2 - Method of industrial processing of protein-bearing organic wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of industrial processing of protein-bearing organic wastes comprises the extraction of amino acids from the aqueous phase by using organic or inorganic reagents. Extraction is carried out in stages, separating preliminary fat component using organic solvents, and then the organic part is separated, which comprises the polypeptides and amino acids, and a mineral, which is then removed. The remaining mass is sent for drying, which temperature regime is determined depending on the reagent used, and when using the organic reagent during drying its evaporation occurs and the subsequent condensation, after which the reactant is supplied to reuse and in the case of using the inorganic reagent the organic part binds with it into complex to obtain a precipitate, which is then removed.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of industrial processing of protein-bearing waste products of animals and birds with the division into polypeptides, amino acids, mineral and fatty components with a purpose of their future use as a raw material, for example for production of fertilisers, feed additives.

8 cl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods for processing protein-containing waste products of animal and bird activity, mainly bird droppings.

The discharge of protein-containing animal and bird wastes into the environment leads to their accumulation and decay, which negatively affects the ecological condition of the territory, therefore, to prevent pollution, a thermochemical or biotechnological conversion of the obtained biomass of waste (pig, cow manure, bird droppings) is usually carried out .

The prior art method of disposal of bird droppings, including pre-drying it, mixing with mineral additives, granulating the mixture at a moisture content of 20-25%, followed by drying the granules to a moisture content of 12-14%, while before processing, the droppings removed from the house are divided into two parts, moreover, one part of the litter is used as biofuel to produce thermal energy and concentrated ash elements of plant nutrition - ash, and the other part of the litter is treated with a stabilizer, kept for the stabilization time, dried to the required humidity and mixed with litter ash, after which the mixture is granulated, and the drying is carried out by air heated by burning the first part of the litter (see patent for invention RU 2399641 "Method for disposal of bird droppings", filing date 10.03 .2009, published on September 20, 2010).

The disadvantages of this method are due to the fact that in the production of biofuels in waste receive a large amount of contaminated water - about 2 parts of water to 1 part of the litter, which needs either disinfection or destruction, which, in turn, requires significant energy costs.

A known method of thermal processing of organo-containing raw materials into gaseous and liquid fuels by heating first in a drying chamber, and then without air in the pyrolysis chamber with the conversion of pyrolysis products to coal and gaseous fuel - gas-vapor mixture, followed by condensation of part of the gas-vapor mixture into liquid fuel, drying of the organo-containing raw materials are carried out in a bunker at a temperature of 160-200 ° C, a drying agent obtained by mixing the flue gases that have passed through the jacket of the pyrolysis chamber, with air, and some non-condensed gas-vapor mixture after preheating to a temperature of 450-520 ° C is fed into the pyrolysis chamber in an amount that provides a residence time of the pyrolysis products in the pyrolysis chamber of not more than 2 s and an excess pressure in the pyrolysis chamber at a level of 500-1000 Pa (see RU patent 2395559 “Method for the thermal processing of organo-containing raw materials”, submission date 03/10/2009, published on 07/27/2010).

The disadvantages of this method of processing organo-containing raw materials are associated with significant energy costs necessary for its implementation.

There is also known a method for anaerobic processing of organic waste, which consists in placing wet pre-prepared organic biomass with anaerobic bacteria - sourdough in the anaerobic bioreactor and providing its fermentation with heating, while biogas and liquid organic fertilizer are selected from the anaerobic bioreactor, and control the process is carried out using a programmable computer, all the original biomass is pre-crushed and mixed, and also mixed with the transfer sludge for additional insemination and preheated, after which it is placed in an anaerobic bioreactor and intensively mixed throughout the process at intervals several times per hour (see patent RU 2315721 "Method for anaerobic processing of organic waste and installation for its implementation", filing date 04/03/2006, published on 01/27/2008).

The disadvantages of the anaerobic processing method are the need to use a large number of bioreactors in the processing chain if the processing is carried out at a large poultry farm, which, in turn, requires the use of significant production areas, as well as an increase in the duration of the production cycle. In addition, when implementing this method there are problems with the disposal of a huge amount of contaminated water.

A known method of processing bird droppings, including processing bird droppings with mineral acids, mixing fresh bird droppings with a solution of sulfuric or phosphoric acid, while the concentration of the solution of sulfuric or phosphoric acid is from 25 to 35%, and the pH reaches 5.0-6.5 (see patent for invention RU 2357944 "Method for processing bird droppings", filing date 15.11.2007, published 10.06.2009).

The known method allows to reduce the negative impact on the environment that occurs during the storage of bird droppings and the production of fertilizers, however, it does not allow to obtain any useful substances in the final product suitable for their further use.

Also known is a method of producing a food protein isolate from sunflower meal, which is extracted with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride in order to isolate the protein, then the insoluble precipitate is separated by filtration to obtain the extract, the extract is treated with an acid-type reagent to precipitate the protein and bind phenolic compounds. As an acid type reagent, an aqueous solution of succinic acid with a concentration of 3-5% is used, the precipitation is carried out with stirring for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 45-55 ° C and the ratio of the parts by weight of the extract and succinic acid is 1: 10-1: 12, then carry out separation by centrifugation of solid and liquid phases, washing the solid residue and drying (see patent RU 2340203 "Method for producing food protein isolate from sunflower meal", filing date 02.07.2007, published 10.12.2008).

The chemical composition of sunflower meal, which is a product of plant origin, is poorer in chemical composition of the protein-containing waste products of mammals and birds, in particular, bird droppings, which in addition to minerals contain animal proteins and amino acids, which is due to the diet of mammals and birds.

The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is a method for the isolation and purification of substances, which are used as protein-containing culture liquids, including the extraction of amino acids from the aqueous phase, carried out using organic and inorganic solvents at various pH values (see Smirnova S.V., Abstract dissertation “New extraction systems for the isolation and determination of amino acids: Ionic liquids as extractants”, Moscow, 2002).

Bird droppings are rich in nutrients such as animal amino acids and proteins, fats, minerals, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and others. The percentage of these substances in poultry manure is determined by the conditions of poultry, diet and age of the bird. For example, dry chicken manure contains from 3% to 5% fat, about 2% phosphorus, about 5% nitrogen, about 500 mg / kg of iron, about 200 mg / kg of manganese.

The technical result, to which the claimed invention is directed, is to increase the efficiency of industrial processing of protein-containing waste products of animal and bird life, mainly bird droppings, with the division into polypeptides, amino acids, mineral and fat components for the purpose of their further use as raw materials, for example, for production fertilizers, feed additives.

The specified technical result is achieved in that a method for the industrial processing of protein-containing wastes, including the extraction of amino acids from the aqueous phase using organic or inorganic reagents, according to the invention, waste animals and birds, mainly bird droppings, are used as protein-containing wastes, the extraction is carried out in stages, pre-separating the fat component using organic solvents, and then isolate the organic part, including polypeptides and minic acid, and mineral, which is then removed, and the remaining mass is sent for drying, the temperature regime of which is determined depending on the reagent used, moreover, when using an organic reagent during drying, it evaporates and then condensates, after which the reagent is recycled, and in the case of using an inorganic reagent, the organic part binds to it in a complex to obtain a precipitate, which is then recovered.

As organic solvents, for example, kerosene, gasoline or butanol are used.

As organic reagents, for example, dinonyl sulfonic acid, chloroform, heptane, ethyl alcohol, crown ethers are used.

As inorganic compounds, ionic liquids are used, for example, electroactivated aqueous solutions of sodium chloride.

The moisture content of the waste is 70-72%.

Technical solutions that coincide with the totality of the essential features of the claimed invention have not been identified, which allows us to conclude that the claimed invention meets such a patentability condition as “novelty”.

The claimed essential features that predetermine the receipt of the specified technical result, do not explicitly follow from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the claimed invention meets such a patentability condition as "inventive step".

The patentability condition “industrial applicability” is confirmed by examples of specific implementation.

The inventive method is as follows.

In case of contamination of animal and bird wastes with such inclusions as fluff and / or feather, preliminary processing of the initial protein-containing raw material is carried out by mechanical or gravitational separation of fluff and feather from it. Depending on the moisture content of the feedstock, it is either dried or diluted with water to obtain an aqueous phase with a moisture content of about 70-72%.

The waste is then transferred to an extractor, in which the fat component is separated using organic solvents such as kerosene, gasoline or butanol.

Then, the biomass, using, for example, a screw, conveyor, container or gravity, is loaded into an extractor to which a reagent, in particular organic, is added, and the reagent can be added during waste transportation. In the extractor, the biomass is separated into an organic part, consisting of polypeptides and amino acids, and a mineral part, which is then removed from the extractor, and the remaining composition is sent for drying to a heat exchanger, which can be used, for example, an evaporator, while the drying temperature set depending on the reagents used. During drying, the evaporation of organic reagents takes place, which then enters the radiator and is cooled, and then sent for reuse in a new process cycle.

In addition, inorganic compounds, for example, ionic liquids, can be used as reagents for the extraction.

Inorganic compounds bind to the organic part to form a precipitate, which is then recovered.

For a more efficient extraction, pre-mixing of the waste with organic reagents in the storage tank can be carried out.

After extraction, the aqueous solution of mineral substances is dried and sent for further processing.

The removal of water from the liquid organic component can be carried out using, for example, filters, separators, centrifuges or dryers.

The choice of a specific type of extraction and the technological scheme of processing is determined depending on the composition of the feedstock - protein-containing waste, depending on its origin, and the purpose of processing - to obtain certain amino acids and polypeptides.

The implementation of the claimed invention is confirmed by examples of specific performance.

Example 1

Liquid extraction of polypeptides and amino acids.

The extraction of polypeptides and amino acids from an aqueous solution of bird droppings was carried out with the addition of a mixture of chloroform and heptane and the subsequent addition of dinonyl sulfonic acid. Crown ether may be added to increase recovery.

The degreasing of the litter was carried out as follows. 100 kg of chicken droppings with a moisture content of 70 ± 2% was fed into a box extractor, where they were mixed with 34 liters of AI-92 gasoline. The mixture was in the extractor with constant stirring for 4 hours without heating. As a result of the separation of the mixture, 0.93 kg of fat was separated.

For the extraction of polypeptides and amino acids, 1 part of defatted biomass with humidity 70 ± 2% and 1 part of a mixture of dinonyl sulfonic acid (20%), chloroform (50%) and heptane (30%), as well as crown ethers (0.1 -0.3% by weight of bird droppings) to increase the degree of extraction of amino acids.

After separation, a mixture of polypeptides (8.6% of the starting material) in chloroform and heptane and an aqueous solution containing a mineral part, including inorganic substances, were obtained.

Example 2

The precipitation of polypeptides and amino acids is performed using an ionic liquid, for example, electroactivated aqueous solutions of sodium chloride.

The process of degreasing bird droppings was carried out, analogously to example 1.

Then, 1 part of a fat-free mass with a moisture content of 70 ± 2% and 1 part of an electroactivated sodium chloride solution (pH ~ 1) were fed into a box extractor. A mixture of polypeptides and amino acids (about 8% by weight), precipitated, was separated and dried.

The unique combination of such properties of ionic liquids as hydrophobicity and thermal stability makes them effective solvents for the extraction of organic compounds.

Example 3

Obtaining polypeptides and a mixture of amino acids by vapor phase extraction.

In a flotation unit, 7 parts of ethyl alcohol vapor were passed through 1 part fat-free bird droppings with pH ~ 1-2 at a temperature of 78 ° C. The output received 7 parts of alcohol condensate containing 7.6% of organic compounds from the condensate, including 6% of polypeptides and amino acids from the initial mass. The remainder is the mineral component and solvent insoluble organic compounds.

Example 4

Extraction freezing.

They took 1 part of fat-free bird droppings (pH ~ 3) and dissolved in 1 part of water, after which they were sent to freeze in a refrigerator (t ° = -20 ° C) for 7 hours. Then, an aqueous solution of polypeptides and a mixture of amino acids were separated from ice, in which inorganic compounds and sugars remained. To the resulting solution was added 300 ml of 96% ethanol. The precipitated protein was filtered. The protein yield was approximately 8% of the initial weight of bird droppings.

The claimed technical solution promotes the use of protein-containing wastes of animal and bird life, mainly poultry manure, as a raw material for producing polypeptides and amino acids by extraction, which are later used in the production of fertilizers, feed or food additives.

Claims (8)

1. A method for the industrial processing of protein-containing wastes, including the extraction of amino acids from the aqueous phase using organic or inorganic reagents, characterized in that animal and bird wastes are used as protein-containing wastes, mainly bird droppings, extraction is carried out in stages, previously separating the fat component with organic solvents, and then isolate the organic part, including polypeptides and amino acids, and the mineral, which is then removed, and the remaining mass is sent for drying, the temperature regime of which is determined depending on the reagent used, moreover, when using an organic reagent during drying, it evaporates and then condensates, after which the reagent is recycled, and if an inorganic reagent is used, the organic part is bound to it into a complex to obtain a precipitate, which is then recovered. 2. The method of industrial processing of protein-containing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, for example, kerosene, gasoline or butanol are used as organic solvents. 3. The method of industrial processing of protein-containing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, for example, dinonyl sulfonic acid, chloroform, heptane, ethyl alcohol, crown ethers are used as organic reagents. 4. The method of industrial processing of protein-containing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that ionic liquids, for example, electroactivated aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, are used as inorganic compounds. 5. The method of industrial processing of protein-containing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the moisture content of protein-containing waste is 70-72%. 6. The method of processing protein-containing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the polypeptides and amino acids are isolated by liquid extraction. 7. The method of processing protein-containing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the polypeptides and amino acids are isolated by vapor-phase extraction. 8. The method of processing protein-containing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the polypeptides and amino acids are isolated by extraction freezing.