RU2508280C2 - Method and installation of processing of poultry droppings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: poultry droppings is dehydrated in a device of mechanical dehydration (1) which is connected by the collector of refined liquid (2) by means of sequentially located steriliser (3) constituting the autoclave, and a concentrator (4) through the saturation device (15) with the device of coal unloading. The resulting liquid is subjected to the 10-12 fold evaporation at a temperature of 130-140°C in the concentrator (4). The condensate deflected from the concentrator (4) enters the collector (5). The preliminarily dewatered droppings is supplied to the drier (6), where the drying agent is a mixture of passing through the heat exchanger (13) flue gases and air, formed in the device of preparation of the drying agent (14). Dry poultry droppings and a part of uncondensed fraction of the steam gas mixture, which is the heat conductor and the transport medium, is fed to the fluidised bed reactor (7), where the pyrolysis stage is carried out at a temperature of 450-550°C and a heating rate of 1000°C/s followed by separation of the degradation products on oil-carbon sludge and steam gas mixture. The oil-carbon sludge is separated from the gaseous products in a cyclone (8) and fed to the coal collector (11) from which the fine carbon is discharged and packed in the container cassettes. The container cassettes are saturated with the evaporated liquid in the saturation device (15) to a degree of saturation which does not exclude flowability. The steam gas mixture is deflected to the condenser (9).

EFFECT: invention enables to improve the efficiency of oil-carbon sludge as fertiliser, as well as to reduce pollution of oil-carbon sludge and to provide reliable sterilisation of the product.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to means for processing poultry manure into fertilizers.

A known method, including the separation of bird droppings into solid and liquid fractions by centrifugation, contact drying of the solid fraction with fuel combustion gases, followed by grinding and collecting in the accumulator, evaporation of the liquid fraction in a vacuum separator under reduced pressure and mixing the evaporated liquid fraction with a dry crushed solid fraction ( Patent No. 2021987 dated 03/29/1991, published on 10/30/1994).

The disadvantages of this method are: high costs of thermal energy for drying (the relative consumption of diesel fuel is 0.068 kg of fuel per kg of dry product) and insufficient sterilization of the resulting product (the evaporation process occurs in a vacuum separator at a temperature of less than 100 ° C, which is insufficient for sterilization) .

There is also a known method and installation for processing organic substances into gaseous and liquid fuels, including the stages of heating and grinding organic substances without air access, first in the moisture removal chamber, and then in the pyrolysis chamber with the conversion of the pyrolysis products to the vapor-gas phase and subsequent condensation of part of the vapor-gas phase into liquid fuel (patent No. 2265625 dated 05.24.2004, published 10.12.2005).

The disadvantages of this method are: low energy and economic efficiency of the process of processing organic substances into fuel. Unused solid residue not only reduces the energy and economic efficiency of this method, but also requires additional costs for its disposal. The processing of organic substances, mainly into gaseous fuel, necessitates its use for own needs directly at the time and place of its production, since its transportation, compression and storage are associated not only with significant additional costs, but also pose a great danger due to chemical instability components of pyrolysis gas components. The complexity and, therefore, low reliability of the design of transformable drying and pyrolysis devices lead to high costs for their implementation and contribute to reducing the economic efficiency of the whole process.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of processing poultry manure, including the stages of preliminary dehydration and drying of the manure, the stage of pyrolysis at a temperature of 450-550 ° C and a heating rate of 1000 ° C / s, followed by separation of the decomposition products into carbonaceous residue and gas-vapor mixture the stage of condensation of the vapor-gas mixture with the formation of a liquid fraction used hereinafter as liquid fuel and the non-condensed fraction of the vapor-gas mixture, the stage of processing the non-condensed fraction gas-vapor mixture into electricity, the use of carbonaceous residue as fertilizer after saturating it with substances released during the cleaning of the waste gases after drying of the litter and the liquid obtained at the stage of preliminary dehydration of the litter to a degree of saturation not excluding the flowability of the carbon residue (application for invention No.2010909221 from 03/15/2010, published 09/20/2011).

The disadvantage of this method is: the formation at the stage of preliminary dehydration of the droppings of drove-off liquid in an amount many times higher than that necessary to saturate the carbonaceous residue to a degree of saturation, which does not exclude the flowability of the carbonaceous residue. Excessive liquid distillation requires significant additional costs for disposal. Another disadvantage is the high level of contamination with pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms, both the distilled liquid itself and the carbonaceous residue, saturated to the extent that it does not exclude its flowability.

The task of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the process of processing chicken droppings while reducing the level of contamination of the carbonaceous residue.

To solve the problem in a method for processing poultry manure, including the stages of preliminary dehydration and drying of the litter, the stage of pyrolysis at a temperature of 450-550 ° C and a heating rate of 1000 ° C / s, followed by separation of the decomposition products into a carbonaceous residue and a gas-vapor mixture, a vapor-gas condensation stage mixtures with the formation of a liquid fraction, later used as liquid fuel, and the non-condensed fraction of the vapor-gas mixture, with the separation of the non-condensed fraction of the vapor-gas mixture into two parts, used we eat one part of the non-condensed fraction of the gas-vapor mixture as an additional coolant and transport medium during the pyrolysis process, processing the second part of the non-condensed fraction of the gas-vapor mixture into electricity, sequentially saturating the carbon residue before using it as a fertilizer with substances released during the cleaning of the waste gases after drying the litter, and liquid obtained at the stage of preliminary dehydration of the litter, to the degree of saturation, not excluding its flowability, liquid, according to Scientists mechanical dewatering step prior to its saturation carbonaceous residue is subjected to evaporation 10-12-fold at a temperature of 130-140 ° C. For this purpose, in a poultry manure processing installation, which includes successively installed: a mechanical dehydration device with a collector of distilled liquid, a dryer, a fluidized bed reactor, a cyclone, a condenser, a collection of liquid products of thermochemical decomposition of chicken manure, as well as a coal unloading device, a heat exchanger, a furnace , a device for preparing a drying agent, a device for coal saturation, and a collection of liquid products of thermochemical decomposition of chicken manure by means of a condenser through a cycle communicated with the fluidized bed reactor, and the furnace is communicated through the annular space of the heat exchanger with the drying agent preparation device, the mechanical dehydration device of the distilled liquid collector is connected via a sequentially located sterilizer, which is an autoclave, and a concentrator, where the stripping is evaporated to the required multiplicity, through the saturation device with coal discharge device.

The liquid obtained at the stage of mechanical dehydration, before saturation of the carbon residue, is subjected to evaporation with a 10-12-fold decrease in volume, which allows to reduce the mass of the liquid at a temperature of 130-140 ° C, which ensures high-quality sterilization of the carbon residue.

The invention is disclosed using the drawing. Figure 1 presents the installation diagram of the processing of bird droppings. The poultry manure processing installation includes a mechanical dewatering device for chicken manure - 1 with a collection of distilled liquid - 2, a sterilizer - 3, a concentrator - 4, a condensate collector - 5, a dryer - 6, a reactor - 7, a cyclone - 8, a condenser - 9, a collection of liquid products of thermochemical decomposition - 10, a cooled collection of coal - 11, a furnace - 12, a heat exchanger - 13, a mixer - 14, a coal saturation device - 15.

Installation works as follows.

Chicken manure with an initial moisture content of about 80% enters the preliminary mechanical dewatering system of litter 1, which includes a device that allows removal of 10 to 15% of free moisture from the litter mass.

Removed at the stage of mechanical dehydration, free moisture (distillation) enters the collector 2, and then into the sterilizer 3, which is an autoclave. In the sterilizer, distillation is sterilized at a temperature and pressure of at least 130 ° C and 0.2 MPa, respectively, for 15 minutes. After a predetermined processing time, the contents of the sterilizer are discharged into a concentrator 4 equipped with a barometric box, where evaporation of the distillate to the required concentration takes place. The condensate drained from the concentrator (distillate) enters the collection vessel 5 and, as it accumulates, periodically drains or can be used for the technological needs of the enterprise.

Pre-dehydrated to a moisture content of 65%, the litter is fed to dryer 6, where its moisture content drops to 6.2%. The drying agent is a mixture of flue gases and air passed through the heat exchanger 13, which is formed in the preparation of the drying agent, made in the form of a mixer 14.

Dry bird droppings are fed into the fluidized bed reactor 7, where they are thermochemical processed by the rapid pyrolysis method at a temperature of 450-550 ° C. The fluidized bed is created by a stream of non-condensable pyrolysis gas.

The carbonaceous residue formed, separating from the gaseous decomposition products in cyclone 8, flows under the influence of gravity into a cooled coal collector 11 and then is discharged using a coal unloading device in the form of a screw (not shown conventionally in the diagram), and the vapor-gas mixture is discharged to the condenser 9.

Liquid thermochemical decomposition products enter collection 10. One part of the condensed products enters the furnace 12 and is used as fuel for energy supply of the pyrolysis process, while the other is a commercial product.

Part of the non-condensed gases after heating to a temperature of 550-580 ° C in the heat exchanger 13 is supplied as a coolant and a transport medium to the fluidized bed reactor 7. Another part of the non-condensed gases is supplied to the production of electricity (not shown conventionally in the diagram).

Finely dispersed coal (carbonaceous residue) discharged from the cooled collector 11 with the help of a coal discharge device in the form of a screw is packed into container cassettes, delivered to the intermediate storage site, and then to clean the air leaving the litter after drying. The process of cleaning the air leaving the drying of the litter, that is, the cleaning of the spent drying agent (mixture of flue gases with air) from substances released from the litter during drying, is not shown in the diagram. Then the container cassettes are fed into the device 15 for saturation of the carbonaceous residue with one stripped off liquid, driven off at the stage of mechanical dewatering of the litter, to the degree of saturation, which does not exclude flowability. A higher concentration of nutrients for the soil contained in the distillate after evaporation increases the efficiency of the carbonaceous residue as fertilizer.

High-temperature treatment of distillation at overpressure ensures reliable sterilization of the product, eliminates the possibility of infection of maintenance personnel and soil with pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms, and enables safe transportation and storage of the product. All this allows you to increase the efficiency of the process of processing chicken manure and reduce the level of contamination of carbonaceous residue.

Claims (2)

1. A method of processing poultry manure, including the stages of preliminary dehydration and drying of the manure, a pyrolysis step at a temperature of 450-550 ° C and a heating rate of 1000 ° C / s, followed by separation of the decomposition products into a carbonaceous residue and a gas-vapor mixture, the condensation stage of the gas-vapor mixture with the formation the liquid fraction used hereinafter as liquid fuel, and the non-condensed fraction of the vapor-gas mixture with the separation of the non-condensed fraction of the vapor-gas mixture into two parts, using one part of the non-condensed of the second fraction of the vapor-gas mixture as an additional coolant and transport medium during the pyrolysis, processing of the second part of the non-condensed fraction of the vapor-gas mixture into electricity, sequential saturation of the carbonaceous residue before its use as fertilizer with substances released during the cleaning of the waste gases after drying the litter and the liquid obtained stages of preliminary dehydration of the litter, to the degree of saturation, not excluding its flowability, characterized in that the liquid obtained on tadii mechanical dewatering before its saturation carbonaceous residues 10-12 fold subjected to evaporation at a temperature of 130-140 ° C. 2. Installation for processing poultry manure, which includes sequentially installed: a mechanical dehydration device with a collection of distilled liquids, a dryer, a fluidized bed reactor, a cyclone, a condenser, a collection of liquid products of thermochemical decomposition of chicken manure, as well as a coal unloading device, a heat exchanger, a furnace, a device for preparing a drying agent, a coal saturation device, the collector of liquid products of thermochemical decomposition of chicken manure by means of a condenser through a cyclone with a fluidized bed reactor, and the furnace is communicated through the annular space of the heat exchanger with a drying agent preparation device, characterized in that the mechanical dehydration device of the distilled liquid collection is connected via a sequentially located sterilizer, which is an autoclave, and a concentrator, where the stripping is evaporated to the required multiplicity, through a saturation device with a coal discharge device.