RU2338958C2 - Device for waste burning - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: device for waste burning is installed horizontally and contains cylindrical working chamber with loading opening and fire grate, afterburning chamber, ash chamber, channels for air supply and discharge of burning products. Afterburning chamber consists of fire-resistant hollow cylinder with arched cut, with flange and partition installed in axial direction with gaps in respect to side walls of cylinder, which separates it into afterburning zone with maximum possible concentration of flammable components and temperature, and channel for exhaust of smoke gases, and hollow concave reflector fixed to casing, the edge of which forms gap with working chamber casing, and bottom part communicates with channel for supply of secondary oxidiser into afterburning chamber through openings in reflector wall. Flange is provided with openings for supply of additional oxidiser into afterburning chamber.

EFFECT: increase of waste burning completeness without application of additional sources of energy with production of ecologically acceptable burning products.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering, in particular to devices for burning solid household and industrial wastes. It can be used in industry and municipal services in the processing of waste containing paper, wood, rubber, textiles and other components.

Closest to the claimed technical essence and the result is a device for burning all types of solid fuel, household and industrial waste (patent UA 44982, 6 F23G 5/00, Bull. No. 3, 2002), selected by the authors for the prototype.

The device comprises a working chamber with a heat-resistant hearth in the form of a truncated cone with through channels connecting the circumferential air supply channel for primary oxidation of the fuel with the pericarpic space, a central vertically downward channel, the afterburning chamber of the pyrolysis gas formed during the combustion of fuel, connected to the autonomous metering air supply chamber - oxidizing agent. The ash chamber is located under the afterburner of the pyrolysis gas and particles of unburned waste.

The device does not provide a high completeness of combustion of waste due to insufficient circulation of pyrolysis gases from the working chamber to the afterburning chamber and mixing them with an oxidizing agent. Actively mix only the outer layers of the gas stream entering the afterburner, located closer to the body of the device and the blower channels. In addition, the device has large overall dimensions and high metal consumption.

The technical problem solved by the invention is to develop a small-sized combustion device that provides complete combustion of waste without the use of additional energy sources to obtain environmentally friendly combustion products.

The problem is solved in that the device for burning waste containing a cylindrical working chamber with a loading hole and a grate, an afterburner, an ash chamber, channels for supplying air and exhaust products of combustion, according to the invention is horizontal, the afterburner consists of a heat-resistant hollow cylinder with an arched cut, with a flange and a baffle mounted in the axial direction, with gaps relative to the side walls of the cylinder, dividing it into the afterburning zone with the maximum possible concentration of combustible components and temperature, and a channel for exhausting flue gases, and a hollow concave reflector attached to the device body, the edge of which forms a gap with the working chamber body, and the lower part is in communication with the channel for supplying the secondary oxidizer to the afterburner through openings in the reflector wall, moreover, holes are made in the flange for supplying an additional oxidizing agent to the afterburner.

It is known that, along with the temperature and time conditions of the process, one of the conditions for intensive combustion of gaseous substances, ensuring the completeness of waste burning, is good mixing of combustible components with an oxidizing agent - oxygen. The proposed technical solution ensures the creation of optimal conditions for mixing a multicomponent vapor-gas mixture formed as a result of pyrolysis of waste with a secondary oxidizing agent in the afterburner. The implementation of the cylinder with an arcuate notch and concave reflector allows you to increase the contact surface area of combustible gases with an oxidizing agent, which also improves their mixing, and therefore the performance of the device. Since the afterburner in the furnace is exposed to high temperatures, it is made of heat-resistant material to increase durability.

Thus, the new distinctive features introduced into the device for burning waste together with the known ones allow us to solve the technical problem.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a vertical section of the device, in Fig.2 is a section aa in Fig.1.

The device for burning waste contains a working chamber 1 with a loading hole 2 and a grate 3, under which an ash chamber 4 is located. The pyrolysis gas afterburning chamber 5 consists of a heat-resistant hollow cylinder 6 with an arcuate notch and with a flange 7, in which openings 8 for feeding additional oxidizing agent. The partition 9 is installed with gaps relative to the side walls of the cylinder and divides the cylinder 6 into the afterburning zone with the highest possible concentration of combustible components and temperature and a channel for the removal of flue gases. The lower part of the reflector 10 is connected to the channel 11 for supplying a secondary oxidizing agent to the afterburner through openings 12 made in its inner wall. To adjust the afterburning of volatile combustible gases, a separate additional valve 15 is used to supply additional oxidizer to the afterburner through the holes 8 of the flange 7. The lower end part of the device is connected to the flue gas channel 13 and the heat exchanger 14.

The device operates as follows. Waste is loaded into the working chamber 1 through the loading device 2 and subjected to a pyrolysis process. In this case, the furnace is heated by loading a small amount of waste onto the grate and firing it. The primary combustion process begins in the area located between the working chamber and the afterburner, which avoids heat loss when loading a new portion of waste. The resulting pyrolysis gases under the influence of rarefaction in the chimney are sent to the afterburner 5 with a thin layer through the gap formed by the housing of the working chamber 1 and the edge of the reflector 10. A secondary oxidizing agent is fed through the channel 11 into the reflector 10, where it is heated and enters the afterburner through the holes 12 thin streams, where it is actively mixed with a layer of pyrolysis gases. With a high intensity of the afterburning process and a lack of oxidizing agent, it is fed through the valve 15 and holes 8 of the flange 7. In the afterburner, where the temperature is maintained at not lower than 1000 ° C (for a successful and complete reaction), the products of incomplete combustion of the waste are burnt. Therefore, flue gases leave the afterburner, having practically no chemical underburning and other harmful substances in their composition. Having given part of their heat to maintain the temperature in the afterburner and heated the additional oxidizer entering through the valve 15, they enter the chimney through the gaps between the side surface of the hollow cylinder 6 and the partition 9 and, after the heat is taken off, are transferred to the atmosphere at a temperature of 150-200 ° FROM. The coolant may be air or water and used accordingly. The ash remaining after the combustion of the waste falls through the grate 3 into the ash pan 4 and is removed.

Nexus-2F LLC developed working designs of furnaces with a working chamber volume of 0.04 m ³ .

Implementation of the proposed scheme of the furnace device will ensure the minimum dimensions and metal consumption of the device as a whole and increase the efficiency of waste incineration and, as a result, reduce harmful emissions.

Claims (1)

A device for burning waste containing a cylindrical working chamber with a loading hole and a grate, an afterburner, an ash chamber, channels for supplying air and exhausting combustion products, characterized in that the device is horizontal, the afterburner consists of a heat-resistant hollow cylinder with an arcuate notch, with a flange and a partition mounted in the axial direction with gaps relative to the side walls of the cylinder, dividing it into the afterburning zone with the highest possible concentration g components and temperature and a channel for the removal of flue gases, and a hollow concave reflector attached to the device body, the edge of which forms a gap with the body of the working chamber, and the lower part is in communication with the channel for supplying the secondary oxidizer to the afterburner through openings in the reflector wall, and the flange has holes for supplying an additional oxidizing agent to the afterburner.

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