RU2318399C2 - Method for producing of feed for fish - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fish rearing, in particular, production of feeds containing curative and prophylactic additives.

SUBSTANCE: method involves moistening curative means and mixing with feed; placing feed formed as dough on feeding places; using phenbendazol as curative means in an amount of 20-35 mg/kg of fish weight; before introducing into feed, diluting said curative means with water for producing of suspension; bringing resulted suspension to volume capable of moistening daily feed dose and uniformly distributing it in feed mass by spraying; infusing while mixing during 3-4 hours; placing feed on feeding places during night or early in the morning for two days running. For young-of-the year, phenbendazol is introduced into feed in an amount of 20-30 mg/kg of fish weight, and for older fish - in an amount of 25-35 mg/kg of fish weight.

EFFECT: reduced time for removal of worms from fish and increased capacity of ponds.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of fish farming, in particular to methods for the preparation of feed for fish containing therapeutic additives.

Infection of fish with helminths (and diseases that arise in this case, such as caviosis, caryophyllosis, botriocephalosis, etc.) is most dangerous for year-olds, invasions cause a decrease in growth rate, and when several dozens of parasites are infected, the fish die.

Invasions of older fish do not lead to their death, however, they cause significant damage to the fishing industry by reducing the reproductive function, growth rate, and the deterioration of commercial quality.

Known methods for the preparation of feeds for fish with therapeutic and prophylactic additives involve the introduction of microsala, phenasal, nilverm and phylomecide [1], as well as phenothiazine in an amount of 1 g / kg of feed [2].

There is a special therapeutic feed ciprinocestin containing 1% phenasal [3].

The disadvantage of these medicinal feeds is their low efficiency, for example, when using feed with microsal for anti-botryocephalosis in Rostovrybkom fish farms, it was necessary to use it 6-7 times for complete release from parasites.

The closest in technical essence (prototype) is a method of preparing food with the inclusion of Kamala as a therapeutic substance [2]. The drug is mixed with dry food, moistened with water and laid out in the form of dough in the feed places. Medical food is given to fish twice a day, and in the interval the fish are not fed so that it fully consumed medical food.

However, the therapeutic and prophylactic effectiveness of the feed prepared in a known manner is insufficient due to the use of kamala.

The aim of the present invention is to expand the range of medicinal feeds with increased efficiency, contributing to the complete release of fish from helminths in a short time, etc. increase fish productivity of ponds.

This goal is achieved by the fact that as a therapeutic agent, fenbendazole is used in a dose of 20-35 mg / kg of fish weight, which is diluted with water in the form of a suspension before being introduced into the feed, the resulting suspension is made up to a volume capable of wetting the daily dose of the feed, and evenly distributed it in the feed mass by spraying, then insist, periodically mixing, for 3-4 hours and spread the feed in the feed places at night or in the early morning for two days in a row, for yearlings with a dose of 20-30 mg / kg of fenbendazole in the feed weight of fish, and ybam older - at a dose of 25-35 mg / kg body weight of fish.

Fenbendazole is the latest benzimidazole derivative. The chemical name of fenbendazole is methyl 5- (phenylthio) -2-benzimidazole carbamate.

Benzimidazoles are characterized by poor solubility in water, low toxicity, a wide range of anthelmintic immunostimulating effects. The use of fenbendazole in animal husbandry is known for nematodoses and cestodoses of young cattle, foals, sheep and piglets.

Fenbendazole in the form of tablets is administered once to the animals once forcibly to the root of the tongue, for example, young cattle at a dose of 75 mg of active substance per 1 kg of weight, which is 1 tablet per 20 kg of animal weight [3].

The mechanism of action of fenbendazole is based on the spirit of the processes:

- inhibition in the mitochondria of helminths of the enzyme fumarate reductase, as a result of which glucose uptake is impaired, this process proceeds 30 times more intensively in parasite cells than in host cells;

- inhibition of tubulin protein synthesis, as a result, the structure of the microtubular apparatus of the parasite cells, for example, the Golgi apparatus, is disrupted, which leads to death, while the cells of the intestinal epithelium of nematodes are most sensitive.

The use of fenbendazole allows you to provide high medicinal qualities of fish food.

A necessary condition for the effect of fenbendazole as an anthelmintic is its uniform distribution in the feed mass, which is ensured by preliminary dilution of it in water in the form of a suspension, bringing it to a volume capable of moistening the daily dose of feed, and spraying the suspension, and then infusing it with periodic stirring for 3 -4 hours.

The introduction of fenbendazole into the feed in an amount of 20-30 mg / kg of the weight of yearlings and 25-35 mg / kg of the weight of older fish, as we have established in extensive production tests, is justified by the fact that at a dose below 20 mg / kg the therapeutic effect of the feed is reduced and at a dose above 35 mg / kg, the use of feed becomes economically disadvantageous.

The analysis of the prior art made it possible to establish that the source was not detected, characterized by signs identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

An additional search for known solutions showed that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art for a specialist. The introduction of fenbendazole in the feed appropriately allows you to evenly distribute it in the feed mass and get the best result, using it taking into account the age of the fish.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The method is as follows.

Fenbendazole 22% in an amount of 150 g is diluted in 2 liters of water. Then the resulting suspension is adjusted with water to a volume capable of wetting a specific daily dose of fish food.

The feed, for example crushed grain or loose feed, is wetted by spraying the suspension with a hand sprayer, and at the same time the resulting mass is mixed to achieve a uniform distribution of the preparation. Further, the food is insisted, periodically mixing, for 3-4 hours, after which it is laid out in the food places usually at night or in the early morning at the rate of 20-30 mg / kg of fish weight for yearlings and 25-35 mg / kg of weight for older fish ages. From the resulting mass (loose feed + fenbendazole), it is possible to prepare granulated compound feed for production of underyearlings and older fish under industrial conditions according to the described scheme and in the indicated proportions.

Before the mass use of therapeutic feed, it is preliminarily tested on a limited group of fish (in cages or in an isolated pond). In the absence of complications after 3 days, therapeutic feed is used for all fish.

Medicinal food is used based on the results of helminthological studies of fish (25 specimens of year-olds and yearlings, 15 specimens of two-year-olds), usually in spring or autumn, and in the presence of diagnostic indicators - at any time of the year.

In farms unsuccessful in cestodoses, along with the use of therapeutic feed with fenbendazole, a complex of fish-farming and reclamation measures is provided for by the relevant regulatory documents.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

The experiments were carried out as in the SEC “Rybkolkhoz im. I.V. Abramova ”, as well as in other farms of the Rostov Region and Krasnodar Territory in the summer of 2001-2002, carps of all ages from feeding and growing ponds for infection by tapeworms were previously investigated and the most typical water bodies were selected.

Example 1. In the growing pond No. 14, the infection rate of the underyearlings with botryocephalosis was 25%, the intensity was 2-5 copies.

For deworming, a therapeutic feed with fenbendazole at a dose of 15 mg / kg of fish weight was used.

To do this, 150 g of fenbendazole powder was diluted in 2 liters of water, after which the suspension was brought with water to a volume capable of wetting the daily dose of food for yearlings. The feed was crushed barley grain. A suspension of fenbendazole was introduced into the feed by spraying, achieving a uniform distribution of the drug, insisted for 3-4 hours, stirring occasionally, and in the form of sticky lumps were laid out at the feeding places in the early morning hours.

Examination of 10 of the experimental fish after a single application of therapeutic feed with fenbendazole at a dose of 15 mg / kg of fish weight showed that the infection rate decreased to 15%, the intensity - to 2-4 specimens.

In the control, where the underyearlings were fed the same food, but without the addition of fenbendazole, the infection remained the same.

Example 2. Analogously to example 1, in the growing pond No. 13, the fish was fed a medicinal feed with fenbendazole at a dose of 20 mg / kg of fish weight. After examining the experimental fish, it turned out that a single use of food led to a decrease in the infection rate to 10%, and intensity to 1-2 specimens.

A few days later, feeding was repeated at the same dose, after which no parasites were detected.

In the control, infection remained at the same level.

Example 3. Analogously to example 1, in the growing pond No. 12, where the prevalence of infection of the yearlings was 25%, the intensity of 2-5 specimens, two days in a row the carp yearlings were fed with a medicinal feed with fenbendazole at a dose of 25 mg / kg of fish weight, which led to complete release of yearlings from parasites.

In the control, infection rates did not change.

Example 4. Analogously to example 1, in the growing pond No. 8. where 64.4% infection with botryocephalosis with an intensity of 1–9 specimens was previously detected, carp yearlings were given therapeutic food with fenbendazole at a dose of 30 mg / kg of fish weight for two days in a row.

When examining fish, helminths were not found.

In the control, the intensity increased to 66%, and the intensity - up to 1-10 copies.

Example 5. Analogously to example 1, in the feeding pond No. 23, which contained yearlings of carp, and the infection rate was 24% with an intensity of 1-3 specimens, the therapeutic feed was used at a dose of 40 mg / kg of fish weight once, after which 20 studied no helminths were detected from this batch.

In the control, the degree of infection remained the same.

Example 6. Analogously to example 1, in feeding pond No. 21, where the annual infection was 60% with an intensity of 6-10 individuals. fish for 2 days in a row was given a therapeutic feed with fenbendazole at a dose of 30 mg / kg of fish weight. Infection rates reduced to 0.

In the control, the extent and intensity of infection remained the same.

Example 7. Analogously to example 1, in the feeding pond No. 19, which contained yearlings of carp, and the infection rate was 19% with an intensity of 1-3 specimens, the use of therapeutic feed for two days in a row at a dose of 25 mg / kg of fish weight led to complete release from parasites.

In the control, infection remained at the same level.

Example 8. Analogously to example 1, in the feeding pond No. 24, which contained two-year-old carp, and the intensity of infection with botriocephalosis was 40% with an intensity of 2-5 copies, after two consecutive days of using therapeutic feed at a dose of 35 mg / kg of fish weight, a complete exemption from parasites.

In the control, infection rates did not change.

Example 9. Analogously to example 1, in the feeding pond No. 18, where two-year-old carp were infected with botryocephaliasis with an intensity of 26.7% and an intensity of 3-8 specimens, the double use of therapeutic feed with fenbendazole at a dose of 30 mg / kg of fish weight led to a complete elimination of infection.

In the control, the degree of infection slightly increased.

The results of the experiments are summarized in table.

From the above examples, we can conclude that the most effective for fingerlings is a dose of 25 mg / kg of fish weight, and for older fish - 30 mg / kg of weight when used for two days in a row. The same pattern was used on farms and feed.

Thus, the above information confirms the following combination of conditions:

- the method of preparation of food according to the claimed invention is intended for use in fish farms, in particular, for the preparation of therapeutic food for fish;

- for the claimed method in the form described in paragraph 1 of the claims, the possibility of its implementation using the described means and methods is confirmed.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "industrial applicability".

Table The results of the test "Method of cooking food for fish" against carp botryocephalosis in the fish farm named after I.V. Abramova in 2001-2002 Pond, No. Fish age The infection rate,% The intensity of infection, copies. Dose of fenbendazole, mg / kg Multiplicity of application, days The number of fish examined, pcs. The infection rate,% The intensity of infection, copies. * B-14 0 twenty 2-5 fifteen one fifteen fifteen 2-4 The control 0 twenty 2-5 - - fifteen twenty 2-4 B-13 0 25 2-5 twenty 2 10 0 0 The control 0 25 2-5 - - 10 25 2-5 B-13 0 25 2-5 25 2 twenty 0 0 The control 0 25 2-5 - - twenty 25 2-5 AT 8 0 64,4 1-9 thirty 2 25 0 0 The control 0 64,4 1-9 - - twenty 66 1-10 * H-23 one 24 1-3 40 one twenty 0 0 The control one 24 1-3 40 - twenty 24 1-3 N-21 one 60 6-10 thirty 2 twenty 0 0 The control one 60 6-10 - - twenty 60 6-10 H-19 one 19 1-3 25 2 twenty 0 0 The control one 19 1-3 - - twenty 19 1-3 N-24 2 40 2-5 35 2 twenty 0 0 The control 2 40 2-5 - - twenty 40 2-5 H-18 2 26.7 3-8 thirty 2 fifteen 0 0 The control 2 26.7 3-8 - - fifteen 27 3-8 * In-growth pond, * N-feeding pond

Information sources

1. Tasks of veterinary science in fish farming in Russia / Smirnov A.M., Skira V.N. // Problems of pathology, immunology and health protection of fish and other aquatic organisms: Sat. abstracts dokl. Vseros. scientific and practical conf., Moscow, July 16-18, 2003. - M., 2003. - S.123-124.

2. Ichthyopathology / Bauer O.N., Musselius V.A., Nikolaeva V.M. Strelkov Yu.A. // M. - Food. industry. - 1977. - S.303-309.

3. A collection of instructions for combating fish diseases. Part 2 // M. - 1999. - S.221-222.

4. Temporary instruction on the use of fenbendazole tablets for animal helminthiases (in the order of a wide production test in 2002-2004) of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia. Department of Veterinary Medicine, 2002.

Claims (1)

A method of preparing fish food, including wetting and mixing the medicinal product with food and putting it in the feed places in the form of a test, characterized in that fenbendazole is used as a therapeutic agent in a dose of 20-35 mg / kg of fish weight, which before introduction into the food diluted with water in the form of a suspension, the resulting suspension is adjusted with water to a volume capable of wetting the daily dose of feed and evenly distribute it in the feed mass by spraying, then insist, periodically mixing, for 3-4 hours, and spread the feed in fodder places at night or in the early morning for two consecutive days, for yearlings with fenbendazole at a dose of 20-30 mg / kg of fish weight, and for older fish at a dose of 25-35 mg / kg of fish weight.