RU2316697C1 - Arrangement for preparation of liquid fuel for incineration in gas burners - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: the invention refers to the field of heating engineering namely to technique of preparation of liquid fuel for incineration in any gas burners (torch burners and burners of infrared emanation) by changing its aggregate state out of liquid into gas state and may be used in water-heating and heating boilers of small and medium power working on gas, and also for drying varnish and paint coverings, wood, buildings (in construction), in systems of air heating etc.

SUBSTANCE: the arrangement for preparation of liquid oil for incineration in gas burners has a gas burner, a fuel tank, a float chamber with a valve regulating the level of fuel, a generator of the aerosol of fuel consisting of a body of a generator of the aerosol of fuel with a lid inside in which there is a fuel bucket with in it an acoustic transformer switched to a generator of ultrasound oscillating and an aerosol tube with a fire blocking unit installed in its upper part, the aerosol tube is connected with the generator of the aerosol of fuel through a staffing-box in the lid of the generator of the aerosol of fuel in such a way that its low edge is above the fuel surface in the fuel bucket with an air gap and the fuel tank is connected in-series with fuel hoses through the float chamber with the fuel bucket of the generator of the aerosol of fuel. Between the upper edge of the aerosol tube and the input of the gas burner there are in-series connected a pyrolisis chamber with thermal insulated washers on the ends, a centrifugal pump for picking aerosol, a quenching-evaporating chamber, the second fire blocking unit, a feeding fuel regulating valve and also in the fuel bucket there is a fuel heater switched to the source of feeding fuel to the heater and to the outputs of the spiral of the pyrolisis chamber - a source of feeding the pyrolisis chamber. The pyrolisis chamber has a quartz tube in a metallic reflecting screen covered with thermal insulated protection inside which there is a nichrome spiral with outputs on the ends winded on a dielectric heat-resistant frame.

EFFECT: the technical result from using the proposed arrangement is in absence of ashy compounds in the combustible products, in complete burning of liquid fuel in any gas burners, in expansion of the field of application of liquid fuel and its usage in heating engineering.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of heat engineering, and in particular to a technique for preparing to burn liquid fuel in any gas burner (flare and infrared burner), by changing its state of aggregation from liquid to gaseous state, and can be used in small and medium boilers and heating boilers power, in the heating system of domestic and industrial premises working on gas, as well as for drying coatings, wood, premises (in construction), in air heating systems, etc.

The known main method of generating heat by burning hydrocarbon fuel (gas, liquid fuel) in flare burners at a temperature of 1200-1500 ° C. Traditionally, in boilers that implement this method and run on liquid fuel, a fuel preparation system is used, based on the hydraulic method of atomizing liquid fuel while simultaneously injecting primary air into the combustion chamber. Such a liquid fuel preparation system usually has a gear pump driven by an electric motor, creating a pressure of 0.3 ... 0.6 MPa at the nozzle inlet and an air supply device, usually a centrifugal fan, which supplies primary air to the combustion chamber [Russia, certificate Utility Model No. 00180 MKI ⁵ F23D 11/04, May 20, 2001, “Burner for Combustion of Liquid Fuel”].

The main disadvantage of the main method of producing heat and the device that implements it is that the hydraulic spraying method provides a minimum diameter of fuel particles of 50 ... 100 microns, and even with thorough mixing of the fuel-air mixture, due to the sufficiently high particle removal rate fuel, incomplete combustion occurs, which leads to the formation of soot compounds. The smaller the particle size of the atomized fuel, the faster, fuller and more environmentally friendly its combustion. The most complete combustion gives gaseous hydrocarbon fuel.

The known method of ultrasonic atomization of liquid fuel to obtain fine aerosols with the formation of particles with a size of 0.5 μm and a density of up to 300 mg of the liquid phase for burning infrared radiation in the burners [V.A. Nosov "Ultrasound in the chemical industry". Kiev, Technical literature of the Ukrainian SSR, 1963], practically implemented in the burner [Russia, patent No. 31634 F23D 11/04, 14/12, 14/14, 14/16; F27D 1/00, 04/09/2003, "Oil-fired burner infrared radiation"].

The device for preparing liquid fuel for burning in an oil burner infrared radiation according to patent No. 31634 is the closest in technical essence to the proposed device for preparing liquid fuel for burning in gas burners and is taken as a prototype. The device for the preparation of liquid fuel used in a liquid fuel burner of infrared radiation, according to the patent for utility model No. 31634 "Liquid-fuel burner of infrared radiation" provides efficient combustion of a fine aerosol of liquid fuel with a particle diameter of 0.5 ... 5 microns. It consists of a fuel tank connected to a fuel hose with a float chamber, which through a second fuel hose connected through an opening in the side wall of the fuel aerosol generator housing with a sealed cap with an oil seal, to a glass with an acoustic transducer, the contacts of which are supplied with voltage from an ultrasonic oscillation generator . The fuel level in the glass with the acoustic transducer and the float chamber is set by the adjusting screw of the float chamber. An aerosol tube is lowered into the glass with the acoustic transducer, the lower edge of which is 10 ... 12 mm above the fuel surface in the glass, and the upper edge is connected through the fire barrier to the input of the distribution chamber of the infrared burner. The aerosol from the housing of the fuel aerosol generator is supplied to the burner by a purge fan located on the side wall of the aerosol generator. The purge fan supplies the required amount of air, and the air-fuel mixture is prepared in the aerosol pipe.

However, the prototype liquid fuel preparation device does not fully burn it in gas burners, as aerosol particles coagulate when passing through the nozzle, they coalesce and large particles fall into the distribution chamber of the infrared radiation burner or the distribution tubes of an open flame injection burner settle on the walls turning into liquid, and do not rise to the fire slots.

The aim of the invention is the development of a device for the preparation of liquid fuel for burning it in any available and commercially available gas burners, which allows to reduce harmful emissions of CO, NO _x , SO ₂ , benzopyrenes into the atmosphere in comparison with existing hydraulic oil burners and expand the scope of liquid fuel and its use in heat engineering.

The technical result from the use of the proposed device for the preparation of liquid fuel for burning in gas burners is the absence of soot compounds in the combustion products, the complete combustion of liquid fuel in any gas burner.

The goal and technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the known device for preparing liquid fuel for burning in an oil burner infrared radiation containing a gas burner, a fuel tank, a float chamber with a fuel level adjusting screw, a fuel aerosol generator, consisting of a housing of a fuel aerosol generator with a cap, inside of which a fuel cup is mounted with an acoustic transducer located in it, connected to an ultrasonic oscillation generator, and an aerosol a pipe with a flame arrester installed in its upper part, while the aerosol pipe is connected to the fuel aerosol generator through an oil seal in the cover of the fuel aerosol generator body so that its lower edge is above the fuel surface in the fuel glass with an air gap, and the fuel tank is connected in series with fuel hoses through the float chamber with the fuel cup of the fuel aerosol generator, series-connected cables are introduced between the upper exit edge of the aerosol pipe and the gas burner inlet A pyrolysis unit with heat-insulating washers at the ends, a centrifugal aerosol extraction pump, a quenching and evaporation chamber, a second flame arrester, a fuel control valve, and a fuel heater is installed in the fuel cup connected to a fuel heater power source, and a source to the pyrolysis chamber spiral leads supply chamber pyrolysis.

In the proposed device, the task of achieving a technical result is solved by using the technology of pyrolysis of liquid fuel.

The main task of pyrolysis is to convert ultrasonic-vibrated hydrocarbons (gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel) at a temperature of 650-700 ° C and a pressure close to atmospheric pressure into gas and at the same time preserve carbon in it during the first stages of the splitting process -carbon compounds individual alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons: ethylene C ₂ H ₄ , propylene C ₃ H ₆ , butylene C ₄ H ₈ ). Along with alkenes, hydrogen (H ₂ ) and methane (CH ₄ ) are also formed [NL Glinka "General chemistry". Chemistry, Leningrad Branch, Leningrad, 1988], [A. M. Kutepov, T. I. Bondareva, M. G. Berengarten “General Chemical Technology”. Moscow, Vysshaya Shkola, 1990] In order to prevent chain reactions of recombination of chemical radicals, the rate of fuel supply to the pyrolysis chamber is maximized and, upon exiting the chamber, the pyrolysis products (gas mixture) need to be quickly cooled in the quench-evaporation chamber. The temperature of the gas mixture in this case drops by 2-3 times due to adiabatic expansion. This allows you to save lower alkenes and prevent them from entering into subsequent reactions with conversion to benzene and its homologs. The residence time of the fuel in the pyrolysis chamber should be fractions of a second [A. M. Kutepov, T. I. Bondareva, M. G. Berengarten “General chemical technology”. Moscow, "Higher School", 1990].

The proposed device for the preparation of liquid fuel for burning in gas burners is shown in figure 1, which contains: 1 - a fuel tank, 2 - fuel hoses, 3 - a float chamber, 4 - an acoustic transducer, 5 - a fuel level adjustment screw, 6 - an ultrasonic generator oscillations, 7 - flame arrester, 8 - centrifugal aerosol extraction pump, 9 - pyrolysis chamber, 10 - insulating washer, 11 - spray tube, 12 - fuel cup, 13 - power supply of the pyrolysis chamber, 14 - quenching and evaporation chamber, 15 - valve feed adjustment fuel, 16 - gas burner, 17 - fuel heater, 18 - fuel heater power supply, 19 - fuel aerosol generator housing with cover, 20 - fuel aerosol generator, 21 - oil seal.

Figure 2 shows the structural diagram of the pyrolysis chamber 9, containing: 22 - thermal insulation, 23 - reflective metal screen, 24 - quartz tube, 25 - heating nichrome spiral, 26 - dielectric heat-resistant frame, 27 - leads of the spiral.

The fuel tank 1 is connected by a fuel hose 2 to a float chamber 3, which in turn is connected by a fuel hose 2 to a fuel nozzle 12, mounted inside the housing of the fuel aerosol generator 19 with a cover through an opening in its wall.

An acoustic transducer 4 and a fuel heater 17, which are respectively connected to an ultrasonic vibration generator 6 and a power source of the fuel heater 18, are located inside the lower part of the fuel glass 12.

A fuel glass 12 with an acoustic transducer 4 and a fuel heater 17, an ultrasonic vibrations generator 6 and a fuel heater power supply 18, as well as a fuel aerosol generator housing with a cover 19, an oil seal 21 and an aerosol pipe 11 comprise a fuel aerosol generator 20.

The aerosol pipe 11 is connected to the fuel aerosol generator 20 through an oil seal 21 in the sealed cover of the body of the fuel aerosol generator 19 so that the lower edge of the aerosol pipe 11 is above the fuel surface in the fuel glass 12 with an acoustic transducer 4 and a fuel heater 17 with an air gap. In case of a flame leak in the upper part of the aerosol pipe 11, a fire barrier 7 is located above which a pyrolysis chamber 9 is placed through a heat-insulating washer 10.

The upper end of the pyrolysis chamber 9 through a second heat-insulating washer 10 is connected to a two-section centrifugal aerosol extraction pump 8 pumping fuel aerosol from the aerosol tube 11 of the fuel aerosol generator 20 through the pyrolysis chamber 9.

The output of the centrifugal aerosol extraction pump 8 is connected to the inlet of the quenching-evaporation chamber 14, in which the gas mixture is cooled, the output of which through the second flame arrester 7 and the fuel supply control valve 15, which regulates the gas supply from the quenching-evaporation chamber 14, is connected to the gas burner 16.

The pyrolysis chamber 9 (Fig. 2) is a quartz tube 24 into which a heating nichrome spiral 25 is inserted, wound on a dielectric heat-resistant frame 26 over the entire length of the quartz tube 24, to which an alternating voltage is supplied from the power source 13 through the leads of the spiral 27 the action of which it heats, creating a temperature of 650-700 ° C inside the quartz tube 24. On the outside of the quartz tube 24, a reflective metal screen 23 is installed, which reflects the radiant energy of the heating nichrome spiral 25 inside the pyrolysis chamber 9. Outside, the pyrolysis chamber 9 is covered with thermal insulation protection 22.

The proposed device for preparing liquid fuel for combustion in gas burners works as follows.

Fuel from the fuel tank 1 enters through the fuel hose 2 to the inlet of the float chamber 3, from the output of which through the second fuel hose 2 enters the fuel nozzle 12 with an acoustic transducer 4 and a fuel heater 17 located in the lower part of the fuel nozzle 12. In the fuel nozzle 12 a piezoceramic acoustic transducer 4 of a focusing type is installed.

The fuel level in the fuel glass 12 is set when adjusting after manufacturing the device with the fuel level adjusting screw 5 by raising and lowering the float chamber 3. The fuel surface should be at the focal distance from the center of the acoustic transducer 4.

The contacts of the acoustic transducer 4 from the generator of ultrasonic vibrations 6 are supplied with a sinusoidal voltage with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the acoustic transducer 4.

When the ultrasonic vibrations generator 6 is turned on under the influence of an alternating voltage, the acoustic transducer 4 generates mechanical vibrations, generating hydraulic vibrations in the fuel, which, folding in phase from each point on the transducer surface, are focused at the focal point, creating acoustic pressure that forms above the fuel surface in the aerosol the pipe 11 is a column of fuel through which acoustic pressure propagates, leading to the formation of an aerosol of fuel [V.A. Nosov "Ultrasound in Chemistry cal industry ", Kiev, the Ukrainian Technical Literature, 1963].

For the formation of a fuel aerosol in the aerosol pipe 11 from the fuel column, there should be an air gap between the lower edge of the aerosol pipe 11 and the fuel surface in the fuel glass 12, the size of which should be such that the aerosol pipe 11 does not touch the fuel surface and does not interfere with the development of the fuel column ( didn’t touch it), which propagates the acoustic pressure that forms the aerosol. In practice, the air gap is from 10 to 20 mm and is also set when adjusting the device after manufacture.

Simultaneously with the inclusion of the ultrasonic vibrations generator 6, the fuel is heated by the fuel heater 17 from the power source 18 of the fuel heater, a centrifugal aerosol extraction pump 8, and voltage is also applied to the heating nichrome coil 25 of the pyrolysis chamber 9 from the power source of the pyrolysis chamber 13.

Fuel is heated to reduce the viscosity of liquid fuel and increase the performance of the aerosol generator.

The centrifugal aerosol extraction pump 8 provides a pressure of 1200-1800 Pa at its outlet and pumps out a fine fuel aerosol with a particle diameter of 0.5 ... 5 μm from the aerosol pipe 11, which, passing through the pyrolysis chamber 9, heated to a temperature of 650-700 ° C quickly turns into gas due to the cleavage of the carbon-carbon bonds of the fuel molecule and enters the quench-evaporation chamber 14, in which the gas mixture is cooled due to its adiabatic expansion.

Then, having passed the second flame arrester 7 and the fuel supply control valve 15, the gas mixture enters through the gas burner manifold 16 to the jet nozzle nipple and flows from the nozzle nozzle into the injection mixer, injecting the amount of air necessary for combustion. When mixing, the fuel-air mixture enters the fire slots when using an open flame gas burner or into the distribution chamber when using an infrared radiation burner and then into the openings of the porous ceramic panel.

The technical result obtained as a result of testing a prototype of the proposed device for preparing liquid fuel with a gas-fired infrared radiation burner industry-standardized windproof unified GIIV-3.65 OST.51-02-25-85, as well as with a flame injection burner for instantaneous water heaters, consists in following:

- in the combustion products there are no soot compounds;

- there is a complete combustion of fuel due to the fact that gas fuel enters the injection mixer, after the quenching-evaporation chamber, heated to a temperature of 150-200 ° C;

- there is an instant ignition of the gas-air mixture and a quick transfer of flame throughout the burner.

The proposed device for preparing liquid fuel for burning in gas burners is easily implemented using well-known technical solutions described in the literature and produced by the industry, as follows:

- ultrasonic atomizer of liquid (fuel) - V.A. Nosov "Ultrasound in the chemical industry", Kiev, Technical literature of the Ukrainian SSR, 1963, p. 93;

- acoustic transducer - piezoceramic element - washer ЦТБС - 3, manufacturer LLC "Aurora - Elma", Volgograd or PESDV - 4627.00.00.01 TU, manufacturer Research Institute of Radiophysics, Rostov-on-Don;

- thermistor fuel heater - "CHIP and DIP, Catalog" Electronic components for development, production, repair ", Moscow, 2000;

- pyrolysis chamber and quenching-evaporation chamber - 1. "General chemical technology", edited by I.E. Furmer. Moscow, Higher School Publishing House, 1970, pp. 230-233, 2. A. M. Kutepov, T. I. Bondareva, M. G. Berengarten “General Chemical Technology”. Moscow, Higher School, 1990, pp. 471-473;

- flame arrester - N.A. Staskevich, G.N. Severinets, D.Ya. Vigdorchik "Handbook of gas supply and use of gases", pp. 320-325;

- a centrifugal aerosol extraction pump and power sources for the pyrolysis chamber and fuel heater can be selected from industrial centrifugal fans and power supplies of various capacities;

- fuel supply control valve (crane) - N.A. Staskevich, G.N. Severinets, D.Ya. Vigdorchik "Handbook of gas supply and gas use", pp. 165-169.

The presented drawing and description of devices for preparing liquid fuel for burning in gas burners allows, using the elemental base described in the literature, to manufacture it industrially and use it for its intended purpose as a source of gas hydrocarbon fuel, as applied to industrial-heating, heating boilers and domestic gas stoves, which characterizes the invention as industrially applicable.

Claims (2)

1. A device for preparing liquid fuel for burning in gas burners, comprising a gas burner, a fuel tank, a float chamber with a fuel level adjusting screw, a fuel aerosol generator, comprising a fuel aerosol generator housing with a cap, inside which a fuel glass with an acoustic cup located therein is fixed a transducer connected to an ultrasonic oscillation generator and an aerosol tube with a flame arrester installed in its upper part, while the aerosol tube is connected to a generator the fuel aerosol through the gland in the cover of the fuel aerosol generator housing so that its lower edge is above the fuel surface in the fuel glass with an air gap, and the fuel tank is connected in series by fuel hoses through the float chamber to the fuel glass of the fuel aerosol generator, characterized in that between the upper edge of the aerosol pipe and the gas burner inlet, a pyrolysis chamber with heat-insulating washers at the ends, a centrifugal aerosol extraction pump, and a sequentially connected internally-evaporation chamber, a second flame arrester, fuel control valve, and a fuel heater mounted fuel cup connected to the fuel heater power source and to the terminals of the pyrolysis chamber helix - power source pyrolysis chamber. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrolysis chamber contains a quartz tube in a metal reflective screen, covered with thermal insulation, inside which is inserted a nichrome spiral with leads at the ends, wound on a dielectric heat-resistant frame.

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