RU2754619C1 - Fire-tube vertical hot water liquid fuel boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hot water supply.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to water heating and hot water supply systems. A fire-tube vertical hot water liquid fuel boiler containing a vertical bundle of fire pipes installed inside an external pipe, pipes for direct and reverse mains water, a furnace with vortex steam-oil burner devices installed in it. The boiler contains steam generators of the pipe-in-pipe system with spiral and annular channels installed inside the heat pipes with the possibility of supplying superheated water vapor from one steam generator to the same number of steam nozzles of the burner devices, in order to maintain an equal mass flow rate of the outgoing steam from each nozzle. Steam-oil combustion provides waste-free burning of liquid fuel.EFFECT: creation of a fire-tube vertical liquid fuel hot water boiler that does not have soot and coke deposits on the heat exchange surfaces during operation.1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to water heating and hot water supply systems.

Known fire-tube vertical hot water boiler (Utility model RU 13573, 26.10.1999, F24H1 / 32), containing a furnace; a burner installed at the bottom of the boiler; a vertical bundle of flame tubes equipped with turbulators, a flue pipe, while the boiler is equipped with a thermally insulated removable cover. According to the invention, the burner device is provided with a fixing panel, wherein the burner panel and the boiler cover are fixed to the boiler body by means of pins. The turbulators and the burner mounting panel are installed interchangeably.

The disadvantage of such a boiler is the deposition of soot and coke on the heat exchange surfaces. These deposits are due to incomplete combustion of liquid fuel by the burner.

Known fire-tube heating boiler (patent RU 2546370, 26.12.2013, F24H 1/00), containing a cylindrical body; boiler casing installed with a gap on the boiler drum; a cylindrical heat exchanger installed in the upper part of the boiler drum with a gap; a combustion chamber installed in the lower part of the boiler body, in which an opening for supplying liquid fuel is made, a doorway; air supply means. An inclined evaporation platform is placed in the fuel combustion chamber in such a way that the upper edge of the inclined evaporative platform is installed on the side of the doorway. The fuel supply hole is made on the side of the boiler door, into which the fuel supply pipe is installed. The tube is installed directly on the upper edge of the inclined evaporating platform, and the air supply means is made in the form of a fan fixed to the boiler body.

The disadvantage of such a boiler is the deposition of soot and coke on the heat exchange surfaces. These deposits are due to incomplete combustion of liquid fuel by the burner.

The closest technical solution in terms of a set of features is a hot-water fire-tube boiler (patent RU 2032128, 03/20/1990, F24H1 / 28, F23D5 / 04), containing a device for combustion of fuel with installed above it, at least one flame tube, surrounded by a water tank, equipped with a branch pipe for inlet and outlet of water. Moreover, an extension of the gas flow path is installed in the flame tube in the form of a central body and a screw guide fixed on it with a given pitch and winding direction. According to the invention, the device for fuel combustion is made in the form of an evaporation burner with an evaporation chamber and located in the last central tube. The chamber is made with rows of holes on its side wall, and the pipe is equipped with tangential ribs located at an angle to the pipe axis between the rows of holes for uniform distribution of the fuel mixture along the perimeter of the side wall of the evaporation chamber. In this case, the extension of the path of the gas flow is installed in the flame tube with the possibility of reciprocating movement, and its central body and the helical guide are made, respectively, in the form of a rod and ribbing of the latter.

The disadvantage of such a boiler is the deposition of soot and coke on the heat exchange surfaces. These deposits are due to incomplete combustion of liquid fuel by the burner.

It is also known a liquid fuel burner device (Patent RU 2647172, 05/29/2017, F23L7 / 00, F23D11 / 20, F23C99 / 00). The burner device is a cylindrical body with left and right covers installed at the ends. The inner volume of the body is a gas generation chamber. In the center of both covers, nozzles are mounted for supplying air to the gas generation chamber in a natural way. On the branch pipe of the left cover at an angle to the axis of the cylindrical body, a steam spray nozzle is installed, as well as a fuel line with a needle at the end for supplying contaminated liquid and viscous fuel to a stream of superheated steam from a spray nozzle. The tip of the needle is here located in the immediate vicinity of the outlet of the spray nozzle. In addition, the device contains additional swirl nozzles located on the body tangentially near the left cover. The device also contains a nozzle of rectangular cross-section, installed near the right cover for the exit of combustion products in the form of a torch. The problem being solved is to improve the quality of atomization of contaminated, viscous liquid fuel raw materials and increase the time of chemical reactions in the gas generation chamber at a high concentration of water vapor and low air concentration. Such a burner device has a very high combustion efficiency of the combustible substance.

The inventive device is equipped with burner devices called "vortex steam-oil burners".

An electric steam generator is known (Patent RU 2701970, 01/17/2019, F22B27 / 14, F22B1 / 28), in which the body is made in the form of a base having the shape of a pipe, on the outer surface of which there are annular and screw channels, and a cover mounted on the base of a pipe-shaped cover, at the opposite ends of which there is a connection for supplying water under pressure and a fitting for the outlet of superheated steam, where the annular channels are made both at the ends of the base and in the middle at equal distances from each other, and the screw channel connects the annular channels, and the direction of movement of the screw channel after passing each annular channel changes to the opposite, and the inlet and outlet of the screw channel do not match.

It is these details that are used in the claimed device, which is called a "pipe-in-pipe steam generator with spiral and annular channels". Electric heating is not needed here, because the steam generator is heated by streams of incandescent gases, both from the outside and from the inside.

The invention is based on the problem of creating a vertical fire-tube liquid-fuel hot water boiler, which does not have deposits of soot and coke on heat exchange surfaces during operation.

The presented problem is solved by the fact that the vertical fire-tube liquid-fuel hot water boiler contains a vertical bundle of flame tubes installed inside the outer tube, direct and return water pipes, a furnace with liquid-fuel burners installed in it.

According to the invention, a vertical fire-tube liquid-fuel hot water boiler contains vortex steam-oil burners installed in the furnace,

as well as steam generators of the pipe-in-pipe system with the possibility of supplying superheated steam from one steam generator to the same number of steam nozzles of the burners to maintain the mass flow rate of the outgoing steam from each nozzle.

In the claimed technical solution, the hot water boiler is equipped with vortex steam-oil burners.

Steam-oil combustion is combustion of liquid fuel in vapor of superheated water vapor. The amount of soot released with this combustion method has been experimentally verified. This value is infinitely small, but in practical terms it is insignificant.

To power the proposed burner device, the supply of superheated steam is required.

In the claimed device, superheated water vapor is produced in steam generators of the pipe-in-pipe system with spiral and annular channels, and the superheated steam is supplied here so that each steam generator supplies steam to the same number of steam nozzles to create an equal mass flow rate of the outflowing steam, which provides the same thermal power each burner device, as well as the same conditions for the flow of thermodynamic processes in the burner devices and in the boiler as a whole.

All of the above factors make it possible to create a hot water boiler without soot and coke deposits on heat exchange surfaces.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by figures.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of the device, top view.

FIG. 2 is a cross-section of the device, view AA.

FIG. 3 - flame tubes.

FIG. 4 - steam generator.

Where: 1 - flame tubes; 2 - outer pipe (body); 3 - straight water branch pipe; 4 - return water pipe; 5 - firebox; 6 - burners; 7 - steam generators; 8 - collector of steam generators; 9 - branch pipe for water supply from the high pressure pump; 10 - collector for collecting flue gases; 11 - branch pipe; 12 - swirl nozzles; 13 - casing; 14 - thermal insulation; 15 - furnace wall; 16 - holes for air supply to burner devices.

The inventive device consists of flame tubes 1 installed inside the outer tube 2 (body), direct 3 and return 4 water nozzles, furnace 5 with installed burners 6. To power the burners with superheated steam, steam generators 7 are installed inside the flame tubes, which are connected from above by a collector 8, where water from the high-pressure pump is supplied through the branch pipe 9 (not shown in the figure). The flue gases are collected in the collector 10 and removed through the branch pipe 11. Burner devices 6 do not contain superheaters and therefore steam is supplied directly from the steam generators 7 to the swirl nozzles 12. The entire structure of the hot water boiler is placed in a casing 13 and provided with good thermal insulation 14. In the lower part of the furnace 5 bounded by wall 15. Air is supplied to the burners through the holes 16.

In addition, the boiler is equipped with a fuel switch from gas to liquid, as well as for powering the steam generators with an air-to-water switch (not shown in the figure).

To start the boiler into operation, gas is supplied to the fuel pipe using switches, and air to the collector of steam generators. The boiler is started on gaseous fuel and air, and after the burners and steam generators are warmed up, water and liquid fuel are supplied with the help of switches, and the boiler starts operating in normal mode.

Claims (1)

Fire-tube vertical hot water liquid fuel boiler containing a vertical bundle of flame tubes installed inside the outer tube, direct and return water pipes, a furnace with liquid fuel burners installed in it, characterized in that the boiler contains vortex steam-oil burners installed in the furnace, as well as steam generators pipe-in-pipe systems with spiral and annular channels installed inside the flame pipes with the possibility of supplying superheated water vapor from one steam generator to the same number of steam nozzles of the burner devices to maintain an equal mass flow rate of the steam outflowing from each nozzle.

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