RU2312481C1 - Method for increasing germination of leguminous crop seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, seed treatment process.

SUBSTANCE: method involves subjecting leguminous crop seeds to aerosol moistening using aqueous solution until moisture content reaches 25-30% 2-3 hours before exposing said seeds to radiation; thereafter, exposing seeds to ultraviolet radiation having wavelength ranging between 300 and 350 nm at exposure time of 50-60 s.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in treatment of seeds before sowing process.

1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application in the preparation of seeds for sowing.

A known method of increasing germination, in which before sowing, the seeds are treated with a magnetic field (patent RU 2261574, А01C 1/00, 2005).

However, the method is somewhat complicated by the fact that the seeds are passed twice through the active zone of the magnetic field.

There is also known a method in which, before treatment with a magnetic field, the seeds are placed in a technological environment consisting of water and natural mineral powder, which reduces efficiency, since hard-to-grow seeds must reach a threshold moisture content of 28-30%, that is, the period when intensive respiration of seeds occurs, cell division is increased (application No. 2003129578, 2005).

The closest technical solution is a method in which ultraviolet radiation is used as a physical factor in two stages: first, irradiation of water, and then seeds placed in irradiated water (patent No. 2084100, IPC А01С 1/00, published on July 20, 1997) .

The disadvantage of the prototype method is that the irradiation is carried out twice: water and seeds placed in irradiated water, then the seeds are dried, which increases the cost of implementing the method, while the germination is not high enough.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify the method and increase its effectiveness.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the seeds are subjected to aerosol moistening with an activated ultraviolet aqueous solution to a moisture content of 25-30% 2-3 hours before irradiation, after which the seeds are subjected to ultraviolet irradiation within the range of 300-350 nm wavelength for 50 ... 60 s .

The invention is carried out as follows: before sowing, the seeds of leguminous herbs (for example, sainfoin) are subjected to aerosol moistening with an activated aqueous solution and they are kept in bed for 2-3 hours. This amount of time is necessary for moisture to penetrate the endosperm and achieve a threshold humidity of 25-30% when seed germination begins. Seeds prepared for sowing with the required humidity are irradiated with a DRT-400 ultraviolet lamp for 50-60 seconds.

In contrast to the prototype, water is subjected to treatment of activated water molecules by a sorption center, and during the post-curing period (2-3 hours before sowing), the process of moisturization takes place. Seeds are not placed in a container with water, where there may be oversaturation of the aqueous solution and moisture content of the grain. Dried seeds (in 2-3 hours) are treated with the same ultraviolet radiation, which contributes to the destruction of pathogens, both on the surface of the seeds and in the embryo itself. Optical radiation generated at the border of the visible ultraviolet region promotes active absorption of the surface of the seeds, penetrating inward, which leads to the decay of sleeping proteins, the migration of the products of their hydrolysis from the endosperm to the embryo. This is explained by the increase in the activity of enzymes in the seeds, which determine their decay, as well as those that participate in the formation of new vital compounds.

The parameters of the method for doses and time of exposure are justified by the biological characteristics of the seeds and depend on the hardness of the seeds. With softer skin (cereal grasses and grains), fewer dosages are required (within 50 s and 300 m wavelength).

Harder seeds (legumes: alfalfa, clover, sainfoin, etc.) require a higher dosage (the proposed method parameters within 60 s). Higher doses of the proposed process parameters reduce seed germination.

The research results are summarized in a table (average data for 6 crops).

Table Experience Options Germination energy,% Germination,% laboratory field Control (humidification without treatment) 54,2 63.3 61.5 Prototype 85,4 96.0 92 Seed Processing (30-40 s) 67.8 78.3 75,4 50-60 s (proposed) 89.8 98.3 97.6 90-100 s 58.5 71,4 63.6

An example is the irradiation of legumes of sainfoin, sverbigi, white lupine. At the same time, the appearance of the first seedlings is reduced. If in the control variant the first seedlings of sainfoin appeared on the 10th day after sowing, swerbigi on the 25th day, white lupine on the 9th day, then the irradiated seeds and moistened in activated water according to the proposed method, the first shoots of sainfoin appeared on the 7th day, overbrigi on the 12th day and lupine white on day 6. Germination of sainfoin seeds was 98.3%, sverbigi seeds 96.1%, white lupine 97.5%.

Therefore, double irradiation of seeds at the beginning with activated water and after 2-3 hours with ultraviolet irradiation for 50-60 s provides an increase in seed germination and seed germination energy.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the germination of seeds of leguminous plants, comprising irradiating the seeds with ultraviolet in two stages, characterized in that the seeds are subjected to aerosol moistening with an aqueous solution to a seed moisture of 25-30% 2-3 hours before irradiation, after which the seeds are subjected to ultraviolet radiation, the wavelength of which is in the range of 300-350 nm for 50-60 s.