RU2310325C2 - Method for rearing of bee queens - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, apiculture, more particular, bee queen rearing process.

SUBSTANCE: method involves providing stimulating feeding of brood bee colony settled in hive casings; providing urged bringing of brood colony to swarming state; eliminating additional queen cells by overturning brood part of brood nest in vertical plane through 180 deg, followed by moving it to initial position through turning said brood nest to initial orientation in two or three days; laying reproduction queen cells on undercut combs; putting reproductive queen cells with larvae and larval food on cartridges and fixing on graft frame within bee queen casing positioned between casings with brood combs of brood colony; removing profilic queen from hive containing brood colony and transferring it into individual hive; fixing brood combs in hive casings of brood colony; growing up to two batches of reproductive brood combs by nurse colony for queen rearing and dispensing maturing queen cells for swarming; periodically, in each 2-4 days, overturning casings with brood combs-frames not before appearance of queen larvae in queen casing but after appearance thereof; stopping overturning procedures after sealing of reproductive queen cells; after each overturning procedure in vertical plane of casing with brood combs-frames, interchanging said casing with one another.

EFFECT: increased quality of bee queens, reduced labor intensity, increased efficiency and productivity of bee colonies.

2 cl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to beekeeping, and can be used in large apiaries of farmers and household apiaries of amateur beekeepers when growing queen bees.

In the known methods for obtaining queen bees in apiary conditions, considerable labor and time are required for a frame inspection of the honeycomb family cells during the destruction of fistulous queen cells. It is not possible to carry out these works in a timely manner and the bee-nurse, along with the reproductive mothers, raise additional ones - fistulous. This leads to insufficient feeding of the larvae in the queen cells with milk and a decrease in the quality of the grown queen bees. But now there is an opportunity to eliminate this drawback. (Beekeeping Magazine 2005, issue 3, p. 61, under the heading “they write to us” note “Rotating round frame”), the Hungarian beekeeper Konya invented a beehive in which the honeycombs of the brood part of the nest are round. Using mechanisms, these removable round honeycombs rotate 180 degrees in a vertical plane once a day throughout the active season. An important advantage of this bee keeping is the absence of swarming. The beekeeper Konya explained it this way: “When pulling queen bees, the bees are guided by gravity and build them with open holes down. If the honeycomb rotates 180 degrees, these holes look up, which is unacceptable for bees, and they remove the mother cells. Thus, by regularly turning the honeycomb of the bee’s nest, the beekeeper Konya reliably got rid of swarming by destroying the mother cells, but he could not effectively apply this achievement to the removal of queens and improve their quality.

A known method without transferring larvae (proposed by the American beekeeper Miller) in the textbook "Breeding and keeping bees" (G.A. Avetisyan, published by Kolos, Moscow, 1971, p. 139). Miller's method is recommended for the withdrawal of a small number of queens in amateur apiaries. To grow uterus according to Miller’s method, triangular pieces are cut out in combs with young larvae of the same age, and the surface for the development of queen cells increases. Prepared in this way, the honeycomb is placed in a kindergarten family to withdraw the queens. According to another variant of Miller’s method, in order not to spoil the rebuilt cells, they first give the mother family a frame with artificial wax with appropriate cutouts. After the bees rebuild the combs on the wax, the uterus will lay eggs in them and young one-day larvae will appear in the cells, the frame will be passed to the host family to build the queen cells, as a result, the number of queen cells rebuilt by the bees will increase. However, with Miller’s method, because of the laying by bees of additional fistulous queen cells, the quality of the queen cells obtained from the larvae of the maternal family of mothers decreases on their own cells of the mother-teacher family.

Common essential features of the Miller method with the present invention are placement in a brood nest, before laying the mother liquors of a nesting, freshly rebuilt honeycomb with young larvae and cutting it to half before being placed in the mother family.

A known method for the removal of infertile queen bees, the author A.V. Tkachev, "Beekeeping" 2004, No. 4, p. 34, "Using the swarm state of the family to remove uterus from eggs" - the second method. According to the described method, they provoke the entry of the family into a swarm state, reinforce, replace open-broached honeycombs with sealed honeycombs. 30-40 artificial bowls are inserted into their bowls, built by bees, along their ribs and lower part, so that the uterus lays eggs in them. As soon as larvae appear in them, the bowls are transferred to the vaccination frame, and it is placed in the kindergarten. Thus, queens are obtained from the eggs of the uterus, the family of which was in a swarm state. Upon further examination, 20-25 artificial bowls with larvae are left in the teacher's family, and additional ones, like fistulous mother liquors, are laid outside the vaccination frame. This method allows you to get early uterus of good quality. However, in order to get good-quality queen bees, they perform labor-intensive work - they examine the brood honeycombs of the kindergarten framewise and destroy the additional queen bees laid by the bees.

Common essential features of the described method with the proposed invention are the provocation of the maternal family entering a swarm state, placing artificial brooches on the racks of its brood nest, attaching small bowls with young larvae in cartridges, in the grafting frame, placing the grafting frame with bowls and larvae in the center of the brood nest of the family - educators and the destruction of additional inherent in it - fistulous queen cells.

There is a method (auth. A. Panteleev, the newspaper Paseka of Russia 2004, No. 9, p. 11) under the name “I am making coups”, which, according to the set of essential features, was chosen by us for the prototype. The prototype method includes introducing the maternal family into a swarm state. After the appearance of larvae with milk in the mother liquors, all the honeycombs in the hive buildings are fixed, then the initial bee nest is turned over with the hive bodies in a vertical plane by 180 degrees. As a result of the overturning, all the honeycombs in the hulls are oriented with their shoulders down, and the queen cells placed in them turn out to be in the unnatural nature of the bees, with the holes up, so the bees immediately destroy them and lay others. As soon as larvae with milk appear in subsequent queen cells, after 5 days, they carry out the final turning of the hive, at the same time put it already in its original position, orienting the shoulders of the honeycombs up, and cut the lower part of the honeycombs in them. The bees, newly laid queen cells with larvae and milk, destroy and immediately immediately mainly in the clipped honeycombs, in the zone of optimal development of the uterine larvae, lay the third batch of queen cells, which they bring up before full maturity. Since the third batch of queen bees is built by a large number of their builders, and the nurse bees, using additional royal jelly from the destroyed queen cells, feed the larvae in the queen cells of the third batch more abundantly than usual, the uterus is of higher quality - more fertile and durable. In addition, the hatching time of the first queen mothers from the queen cells is known, since the uterus will lay eggs in them the next day after turning over. However, the prototype method does not always produce high-quality uterus. This is due to the desire of some families to build and grow a large number of swarm mother liquors, and the more they are, the less each mother larva receives feed from bee-fed mothers, so the quality of the grown mothers decreases. To improve the quality of the uterus, it is necessary to disassemble the nest and, examining the brood honeycombs framewise, to destroy the additional queen cells in excess.

The disadvantage of the prototype method is the need for seven to eight days to disassemble the bee's nest and destroy additional mother liquors, sorting the honeycombs in it every two to four days, frame by frame.

Common features of the prototype method are stimulating feeding of the breeding family, completion of the honeycombs and laying on their lower edges by introducing the family into the swarm state of reproductive mother liquors, destroying the additional mother liquors, carried out by first turning the brood part of the bee nest in a vertical plane 180 degrees, followed by two to four days, returning it by the final flipping to its original orientation, cutting the bottom of the honeycombs to half and using use of sealed reproductive mother liquids as intended.

The technical task of the invention is to improve the quality of queen bees, reducing labor costs and expanding the technological capabilities of the method.

The stated technical problem is solved due to the fact that in the known method, which includes stimulating feeding of a breeding family, placed in a hive of several buildings with a vertical type of bee nest, laying on cut honeycombs by forcing the breeding family either into a swarm state or by reproductive reproductive queen cells, attaching reproductive queen cells with larvae and milk of the tribal family to vaccination cartridges and placing them in the uterine corps in the hive with the tribal family, resettlement the uterus from the hive with the breeding family into a separate hive, fixing breeding honeycombs in the buildings of the hive of the breeding family, destroying additional mother liquors by turning the brood part of the bee’s nest in a vertical plane 180 degrees, and then returning it after two to four days by reverting to initial orientation, the rearing of up to two lots of reproductive mother liquors by a family-teacher, placement of ripening mother liquors in the uterine cells for maturation in a nursery frame and the use of mature mother liquors and uterus for its intended purpose, if in known methods for attracting additional bee-fed nurse to raise larvae in reproductive mother liquors, destroying additional mother larvae, brood honeycombs are sifted through the bee’s nest of the tribal family framewise or double-turned over the bee’s nest in a vertical plane by 180 degrees, while additional queen cells are destroyed, only before the laying of reproductive queen cells, then in the proposed method this technical The problem was solved by the fact that by inverting the hive bodies with brood honeycombs in a vertical plane, additional mother liquors are destroyed in them, from the beginning of feeding the larvae in the laid bowls and until the parties of reproductive mothers placed in a separate, uterine housing. In addition, the uterine corpus with reproductive queen cells on the grafting frame or cropped honeycomb is placed between two corps with additional queen cells. And also by the fact that, destroying every two or four days additional mother liquors in brood honeycombs in the lower and upper buildings, these buildings, turning in the vertical plane, are interchanged, while separating the upper case, this case is turned in the vertical plane, all the honeycombs in it are oriented with their shoulders down and placed next to the spare bottom, the uterine housing is rearranged without turning over the inverted housing, and the remaining lower housing is lifted from its original place, turned over to its original position, Tire therein hanger sotoramok up, put on the mother body. And by the fact that after the fetal uterus is resettled by turning the lower and upper bodies with brood honeycombs in a vertical plane, additional mother cells destroy seven to eight days.

A method of growing queen bees is carried out as follows: a pedigree bee family is allocated, which has grown at least two brood bodies, and if it is not in a rook, then it is forced into a swarm state. With the advent of bowls in brood combs, a uterine enclosure is placed between the enclosures with cropped combs convenient for laying the bowls, into which artificial bowls are added to withdraw the uterus. If necessary, the bee colony is fed daily with honey or sugar syrup. The uterus lays eggs in a buildable, natural honeycomb, and with the emergence of a swarm state in the family, it lays eggs in swarm and artificial bowls that are built on their lower edges. When a breeding family appears in honeycombs in bowls of one-day larvae with milk in the required quantity from each case, the best of them are cut out and fixed on vaccination cartridges, which, placed in the vaccination frame, are returned to the uterine corps for growing the first batch of queens. In the uterine casing, on both sides of the grafting frame with bowls and larvae of the tribal family, two honeycombs with printed brood are placed and, covered with honeycombs with open feed, they are placed in the uterine corps with five frames across between the lower and upper bodies with brood honeycombs of the tribal family. After two to four days, the bees of the breeding family, raising the reproductive larvae of the first batch adopted on the grafting frame, lay and larvae in additional broodstock in the brood combs and simultaneously in the lower and upper bodies. They are distracted by a significant part of the nurse-bees, which, due to this, feed all uterine larvae worse. In order to attract all the bee-fed bees to raise reproductive larvae in the uterine corpus, the upper and lower corps of the breeding family, having fixed the honeycombs in them, are interchanged. At the same time, separating the upper case, together with it, turning in the vertical plane, all the honeycombs in it are oriented with their shoulders down and placed next to the spare bottom. The uterine corps is rearranged on it without turning over. The remaining lower case, lifting from the same place, turning to its original position and orienting the frame with the shoulders up, is placed on the uterine body. As a result, additional queen cells, laid by bees of the tribal family in the lower and upper buildings, will be directed upward holes. This is unnatural to the nature of bees and they destroy additional mother cells during the day. From the destroyed mother cells from both hulls, the nurse-bees pass into the uterine body with the reproductive mother cells, which are left in their original orientation and feed the uterine larvae in it more abundantly than usual. But after two or three days, the bees of the tribal family again lay additional queen cells in the combs of the lower and upper corps. In order to prevent their irrational feeding, the overturning of brood hulls by the method described above is continued. Feeding bees of the lower and upper corps, losing the opportunity to lay and feed additional queen cells in them, use all the energy and milk to educate the uterine larvae in the uterine corps and it produces high-quality reproductive uterus. After sealing the first batch of queen cells in the uterine corpus, two or three more cut honeycombs are given for the tribal family to lay the second batch of queen cells according to the method described above. Two to three days before the release of the uterus, the sealed mother liquors of the first batch are selected and placed for ripening in the uterine cells on a separate nursery frame and transferred for maturation to a strong bezel-free family, from which mature mother liquors or queen mothers are used for their intended purpose. After one or two days, the bees of the tribal family will lay the bowls for the second batch of mother liquors in the uterine corps. As soon as larvae with milk appear in the bowls of the second batch, they are cut out and fixed on the grafting frame, they are returned, like the first batch, to the uterine corpus. The fetal uterus of a tribal family with two or three honeycombs with an open brood is evicted by an artificial swarm and gives a swarm a framework for building up natural honeycombs or a framework with a wax. If, by the appointed time, the breeding family has laid down an insufficient number of queen cells, then two or three, according to Miller’s method, cut honeycombs with one-day larvae and eggs on their lower edges are placed from the other breeding families for three days. Then, the adopted larvae with larvae are thinned out and left for further cultivation of larvae in them until the queen cells are sealed. The educator family brings up the second batch of mother liquors from swarm or non-swarm bowls until the reproductive mother liquors mature.

In this case, after the fetal uterus is resettled by turning the lower and upper bodies by the above-described method, additional mother cells are destroyed in them for another seven to eight days. Sealed reproductive mother liquors of the second batch are placed in the uterine cells for ripening in another uterine-free family, and mature ones or queens, like the first batch, are used for their intended purpose. Since the destruction of additional mother liquors is carried out in a timely manner, the bee-nurse in both the swarm and non-swarm mother liquors of the second batch also feed the larvae without interruption and more abundantly than usual. Therefore, the uterus in the queen cells is obtained of high quality. At the same time, labor costs are significantly reduced, since the destruction of additional mother liquors is not carried out framewise, but by manipulating the hulls in three steps: by opening the hive, first lowering the upper hull, turning down, the second - rearrange the uterine hull and the third - the lower hull from the previous places are placed, overturning, on the uterine body and cover the hive.

The applicant for several years used the proposed method in apiary conditions. A tribal family settled in a multi-hive hive after the bees have mastered three buildings, two of which with brood combs, between the brood corps gave a fourth corpus with unfinished or half-cut honeycombs. With insufficient supply of nectar, the family was fed daily, giving honey or sugar syrup. The tribal family quickly mastered the framed honeycombs, on which the bees on the lower edges, as a rule, rebuilt the uterine bowls. Next to the swarm bowls on these honeycombs, according to the Tkachev method, artificial bowls were attached to bring out the queens. After the appearance of larvae with milk in the required amount of larvae in the required amount, the laid larvae were cut out, mounted on removable cartridges, inserted into the grafting frame with them and placed in the uterine casing. Two honeycomb with a sealed brood and two honeycombs with an open feed were placed on the grafting frame on both sides of the uterine corpus, the uterine corpus with five frames was returned back and forth between two corps with a bee brood, and the honeycombs were fixed in them. At the same time, at the beginning, the lower case was turned 180 degrees before placing the uterine body on it, orienting the frame on it with the shoulders down, and the body with the barren honeycombs removed. Two to three days after the adoption of the reproductive mothers for breeding the bees of the breeding family, raising larvae in the reproductive mothers, at the same time in the upper and lower cases additional mother eggs were laid and raised on brood combs. A significant number of nurse bees were irrationally attracted to their upbringing. In order to attract all bee-fed bees to feed the larvae in the reproductive mother cells in the uterine corpus, additional mother cells were periodically destroyed in the upper and lower buildings of the breeding family by turning these bodies in a vertical plane. Destroying additional mother liquors of brood honeycombs in the lower and upper buildings, these buildings every two to four days, turning in a vertical plane, interchanged. At the same time, separating the upper case, together with it, turning in the vertical plane, all the honeycombs in it were oriented with their shoulders down and placed next to the spare bottom. The uterine corps was rearranged on the inverted case without turning over. And the remaining lower case, lifting it from the previous place, turning it over to its initial position and orienting the hanger of the frame-frames in it upwards, was placed on the uterine body. As a result, all the additional queen cells laid in the lower and upper buildings by the bees of the tribal family turned out to be upward directed holes. This is unnatural to the nature of the bees and they destroyed all additional mother cells during the day. From the destroyed additional mother cells from the upper and lower bodies of the nurse, the bees fed into the uterine body to the reproductive mother cells left in their original orientation, and fed the uterine larvae more abundantly than usual. But after two or four days, the bees of the kindergarten again laid additional broodstock on brood combs in the lower and upper buildings. In order to distract the nurse bees from growing larvae in additional queen cells, the overturning of the upper and lower bodies by the method described above was continued, and the bees of the breeding family were constantly destroying these queen cells. Nursing bees, deprived of the ability to feed the larvae in additional queen cells, gathered in the uterine corpus and used all their energy and the released milk to fully feed the larvae in the reproductive queen cells. After sealing the first batch of queen cells, the tribal family was given two or three more cut honeycombs in the uterine corps for the tribal family to lay the second batch of queen cells according to the method described above. Two to three days before the queen mothers left the mother family from the tribal family, the sealed queen mothers of the first batch were selected and placed for maturation in the uterine cells, which were mounted on a separate nursery frame. The nursery frame was passed on to the maturation of the queen cells in a strong bezel-less family, from which mature queen cells or queen mothers were used for their intended purpose. After two to four days, the bees of the tribal family in the clipped honeycombs laid swarm bowls for the second batch of mother liquors. As soon as larvae with milk appeared in the bowls of the second batch, they were cut out and fixed in the grafting frame, returned to the uterine corpus. In the uterine housing, two brood frames and two open feed frames were added to the grafting frame, and a five brood frame was placed between two brood bodies. The fetal uterus from the tribal family was resettled by an artificial swarm in a separate hive nearby and gave a swarm a framework for the construction of natural honeycombs or a frame with wax. If, by the appointed time, the breeding family did not have time to lay the queen cells or the laid queen cells were not enough, then the kindergarten family put cropped combs with one-day larvae and eggs on their lower edges for two or three days, taken from any other tribal families . Then, the masks adopted for uterine education in thirsty bowls were thinned out and left for cultivation until the queen cells were sealed according to Miller’s method, or two or three days later the best of them were cut out and secured on cartridges, placed in a grafting frame like swarm bowls according to Tkachev’s method. After the fetal uterus is resettled by the first swarm into a separate hive in the kindergarten by turning the lower and upper buildings with brood honeycombs in a vertical plane, additional ones are laid in them - fistulous mother cells were destroyed for another seven to eight days. Then, the sealed mother liquors of the second batch, as well as the mother liquors of the first batch, were placed for maturation in the uterine cells. The best of the mature mothers of the second batch was left to the teacher's family, and the rest were used for their intended purpose - they were transferred to bezmatochnye families and cores. The formed swarm with the fetal uterus was periodically reinforced with portions of flying bees. Complementing the swarm with flying bees from the kindergarten family, the brood hull was also transferred from it to the swarm. Roy was actively developing, building a honeycomb and, by the time of the honey collection, was rapidly turning into a honey family. And the orphaned family, the teacher was deprived of flying bees, came out of the swarm state and released a mature uterus from the only mother liquor. The outgoing uterus did not meet a rival in the family and, at the first need, went on mating departures.

As a result of feeding the grown queen bees according to the proposed method, the bee-nurse fed the larvae in the reproductive mother cells more abundant than usual and therefore the uterus of high quality was obtained. The rebuilt mother liquors, both in swarm bowls and in bowls, laid down by the educator family after orphaning on their own, did not differ in shape and size. In comparison with the prototype method, the cultivation of reproductive queen bees from the very first swarm bowls with larvae and milk made it possible to obtain a higher quality queen bee of the first batch several days earlier. The applicant noted that after growing the uterus with the proposed method, the productivity and endurance of families significantly increased.

Moreover, due to the fact that the destruction of additional mother liquors was conducted not by frame, but by turning over the bodies with brood honeycombs from the beginning of feeding the larvae in the reproductive mother liquors and until they were sealed according to the proposed method in three steps: the first was turned over, the upper body was placed down, the second - the uterine corps was rearranged on it, without turning over, and the third - lower corps from the previous place, turned over, placed on the uterine corps, reduced labor and time costs by two to three times in comparison with the known methods.

Claims (2)

1. A method of growing queen bees, including stimulating feeding of the breeding family located in the hive’s buildings, forced introduction of the breeding family into a swarm state, destruction of additional queen cells, carried out by turning the brood part of the bee nest in a vertical plane 180 ° and then returning it through two three days by reverting to the original orientation, laying reproductive queen cells on the trimmed honeycombs, attaching the reproductive queen cells with larvae and by the tribal family’s cartridges on cartridges and their fixation, on the grafting frame in the uterine housing, placed between the buildings with the brood combs of the tribal family, the removal of the fetal uterus from the hive with the tribal family into a separate hive, the fixation of brood combs in the buildings of the hive of the tribal family, rearing up to two batches of reproductive mother liquors and distribution of maturing mother liquors for hatching, characterized in that periodically - every 2-4 days, the bodies with brood honeycombs are turned over not until the mother appears larvae in the mother's body, and after they appear in it, and after turning is stopped sealing reproductive queen, and after each turning in the vertical plane of the housing with their brood sotoramkami change places with each other. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that by periodically turning the hulls with brood honeycombs from additional mother liquors laid on the brood honeycombs, they are transferred to the uterine housing for the reproductive mothers of all the feeding nurse, with the participation of which they then feed batches of uterine larvae more abundant than usual .