RU2301612C1 - Combine for separating of seeds from cucurbitaceous crop fruit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment for separation of seeds from cucurbitaceous crop fruit.

SUBSTANCE: combine has accumulating hopper, feeding conveyor, grinding drum with radial and transverse knives, baffle shield, seed separation device formed as brush-type separator, screen joined with screens, screw, and discharge conveyor. Brush-type separator is made in the form of hollow brush drums positioned one above the other. Diameter of upper row brush drums is smaller by 1.4-1.6 times than diameter of lower row drums. Distance between brushes on drum surfaces is 2.0-3.0 mm. Conical openings between brush rows in drum walls are designed for feeding water onto ground mass of fruits by means of branch pipe communicated with pressure pipeline and pump. Transverse knives of grinding drums are mounted on sharpened columns. Setting angle of cutting parts of knives is 100-115 deg. Screw is designed for transportation of seeds and is mounted within grid-type housing. Rotational frequency of brush-type drums is 1.0-3.0 s. Baffle shield is made spring-loaded.

EFFECT: reduced production costs and increased yield of standard seeds.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for the selection of seeds from the fruits of melons.

A known machine for separating seeds from lactating crops using a pin chopping drum with an adjustable deck and a separating organ, in which, in order to simplify the design and increase productivity, the separating organ is made in the form of a horizontal centrifuge, in the conical casing of which two rotating conical sieves are concentrically mounted on the shaft , the inner of which serves to receive the crushed mass and the separation of the peel, and the outer - to separate the seeds (SU, copyright certificate No. 122366. M. class. A23N 3/12 A machine for isolating seeds from fruit crops. // B. Ya. Antilikatorov. Declared December 17, 1958, published 1959).

The disadvantages of this machine include high energy costs due to the use of a serial pin (wedge) threshing machine.

It is also known a device for cutting the core from the fruits of melons, containing a chain conveyor with needle holders, a cleaning unit with knives and drives, in which, with the aim of increasing productivity and providing the ability to control the thickness of the cut layer and processing fruits of various diameters, it is equipped with an additional cleaning unit serving for processing smaller fruits, made similar to the main one, each cleaning unit is equipped with an annular knife holder mounted on the drive and horizontal and vert with a spring loaded clamping plate, the knives are wedge-shaped, and on the inside of the chain conveyor, in the direction of its movement, an arcuate stop is located in front of each cleaning unit (SU, copyright certificate No. 973102. M. class ³ A23N 4/24. Core cutting device from the fruits of melons and gourds. // V. M. Saghatelyan, V. A. Avakyan and A. G. Mikaelyan. Declared April 15, 1980, published November 15, 1982).

The described device is functional only with freshly picked fruits, i.e. with hard bark. Practice shows that overripe fruits, even with partially rotten bark and pulp, are the best in variety quality and seed germination.

A known machine for separating seeds from fruits of melons, containing a hopper and a device for destroying fruits and a device for separating seeds from chopped heap, in which, in order to increase the yield of seeds and reduce their pollution by eliminating the formation of crumbs, the device for destroying fruits is made in the form of a polyhedron, each face of which is equipped with knives, the polyhedron being shifted to the bottom wall of the hopper, and the latter has pockets for passing knives (SU, author's witness Government No. 772520. M. cl. ³ A23N 4/00. Machine for the selection of seeds from the fruits of melons. // I.N. Egorov, M.A. Zhukov, L.S. Zemlyanov and others. Claimed 04/20/1979, published 10/23/1980).

The disadvantages of this machine, used to solve the problem of isolating seeds from the fruits of melons, are the poor quality of the extracted seeds. The latter is expressed both in a large (up to 22%) amount of damaged seeds, and in waste together with pulp (10-17%).

A known combine for separating seeds from the fruits of melons, including a storage hopper, a conveyor belt with a bottom, a chopping drum with a continuous deck, radial and transverse knives are installed on the drum, an adjustable baffle plate and brush separator are installed behind the drum, of five blocks of brushes installed in two rows one above the other, a shower device is provided above the brush separator, and a screen is installed under the separator, at the end of which a discharge conveyor of the peel, pulp and pulp is mounted, under the screen Ohm, a screw with a trellised bottom is provided for transporting and separating seeds from the pulp (Information leaflet of the Volgograd Center for Scientific and Technical Information No. 68-99, 1999, “Combine for separating seeds from the fruits of melons”. // V.G. Abezin, M .N. Shaprov, V.P. Boromensky, V.A. Tseplyaev).

The disadvantages of the combine include the low quality of the separation of seeds with a brush separator due to the passive effect of the shower device, as well as the supply of contaminated fruits for processing.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to reduce the cost of production and increase the yield of conditioned seeds.

The technical result is an increase in operational reliability and quality of the products.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known combine for separating seeds from the fruits of melons, including a storage hopper, a feed conveyor having radial and transverse knives, a chopping drum, a breaker plate installed behind the chopping drum, a device for isolating seeds, made in in the form of a brush separator, placed under the brush separator screen, paired with sieves and auger, designed for transporting seeds, as well as an unloading conveyor, according to the invention the brush separator is made in the form of hollow brush drums mounted on top of each other, while the diameter of the brush drums of the upper row is 1.4-1.6 times larger than the diameter of the drums of the lower row, the distance between the brushes on the surface of the drums is 2.0 .. .3.0 mm, and between the rows of brushes in the walls of the drums there are conical holes designed to supply water to the crushed mass of fruits by means of a pipe in communication with the pressure pipe and pump, in addition, the transverse knives of the chopping drums are installed on tapered struts and the cutting portion has a setting angle to the radius of the drum is equal 100-115 °, and the auger for transporting the seed set in the grill housing; the rotation frequency of the brush drums is 1.5-3.0 s; the baffle plate is spring-loaded.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a harvester for the selection of seeds from the fruits of gourds - side view.

Figure 2 - section of the drum for the destruction of the fruit.

Figure 3 is a cross section of a brush drum for seed extraction.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The combine for separating seeds from the fruits of melons and gourds includes a storage hopper 1 filled with water for washing the fruits coming from the melon harvester, a feed conveyor 2, which is interfaced with the fruit destruction chamber. In the latter, a grinding drum 3 is installed. A drive 4 of a seed separator is driven from the shaft of the drum 3. The chopping drum has a drive 5 from the engine 6 of the combine. Behind the chopping drum, a spring-loaded baffle plate is installed 7. A drive 8 of a high-pressure pump 9 is made from the engine 6, which supplies water through the pressure pipe 10 to the brush drums 11 and 12. Under the brush drums there is a screen 13 connected to the sieves 14. The screen 13 and the sieve 14 they are mated by slopes with a trellised casing 15, over which a screw is installed 16. For transporting the crust, pulp and pulp, an unloading conveyor 17 is provided for feeding into the vehicle 18. The grinding drum 3 has radial knives 19, and pointed racks 20 installed transverse knives 21, the cutting part of which has an installation angle to the radius of the drum 100 ... 115 °. The brush drums 11, 12 have bristles 22 fixed to the hollow drums with screws 23. Between the rows of brushes 22 in the wall of the hollow drum there are conical holes 24 with a taper angle of 50 ... 60 °. A pipe 25 is provided for the water wire into the drum cavity. Bearings 26 serve as supports for the brush drums 11, 12.

The harvester works as follows.

The fruits delivered from the melon field are unloaded into the storage bin 1 filled with water. The feed conveyor with 2 blades captures the washed fruits and feeds them into the destruction chamber. The chopping drum 3 cuts the fruits into longitudinally-transverse slices and discards the transverse knives 21, due to the angle of inclination of the knife, to the baffle plate 7, which directs the crushed mass into the gap between the upper and lower rows of brushes 11 and 12. The brushes 11 and 12 provide grinding of the crushed mass and separating the seeds from the peel and pulp. Since the diameter of the brush drums of the upper row is greater than the diameters of the brush drums of the lower row by 1.4-1.6 times, the peripheral speed of the brushes of the upper row will be greater at the same frequency of rotation of the drums equal to 1.5 ... 3.0 s ^-1 . The ground mass will rotate. This improves the separation of seeds from impurities. Through the conical holes 24 in the hollow drums, pressurized water is supplied between the brushes 22 to the ground mass. This ensures high-quality seed selection. The selected seeds with part of the pulp go to the screen 13 and sieve 14. The oscillating movement of the screen 13 and sieves 14 complement the separation of the seeds, the pulp and the crust are moved by sieves 14 to the unloading conveyor 17, which feeds them to the vehicle 18.

The seeds received on the trellised casing 15 are moved by the screw 16, while the seeds are completely separated from the pulp.

The cleaned seeds are fed by screw 16 into a seed container (not shown).

The design of the combine will provide high-quality seed selection without injuring them. The extraction technology has a low energy intensity.

Claims (3)

1. The harvester for the selection of seeds from the fruits of melons, including a storage hopper, a feed conveyor having radial and transverse knives, a chopping drum, a baffle plate installed behind the chopping drum, a device for separating seeds made in the form of a brush separator, placed under the brush a separator, a screen connected with sieves, and a screw designed for transporting seeds, as well as an unloading conveyor, characterized in that the brush separator is made in the form of installed one above the other ohm of hollow brush drums, while the diameter of the brush drums of the upper row is 1.4-1.6 times larger than the diameter of the drums of the lower row, the distance between the brushes on the surface of the drums is 2.0-3.0 mm and between the rows of brushes in conical openings are made for the walls of the drums, designed to supply water to the chopped fruit mass through a pipe connected to the pressure pipe and pump, in addition, the transverse knives of the chopping drums are mounted on pointed racks and their cutting part has an installation angle of iusu drums equal to 100-115 ° C, a screw for transporting the seed set in the grill housing. 2. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation frequency of the brush drums is 1.0-3.0 s. 3. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the baffle plate is spring-loaded.

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