RU2287306C1 - Apparatus for processing of cucurbitaceous crop fruits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, cucurbitaceous crop fruit processing machines.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has hopper incorporating fruit breaking device and device for destructing fruits to obtain juice, flesh and seeds, tilt boards and flesh and juice collecting reservoirs. Fruit breaking device is made in the form of segments of flat knives and fixed in staggered arrangement within lower part of hopper, and drum mounted above said knives on drive shaft and equipped with the same knives, said drum being covered at the top with housing. Spring-loaded baffling plate is attached to drum housing. Device for destructing fruits to obtain juice, flesh and seeds is made in the form of rubbing screw with elastic rim, said screw being joined with seed separating cylindrical screen and located under cylindrical screen of housing with lower grid portion and openings having sizes preventing passage of seeds therethrough. Screw with elastic rim is also mounted within housing and adapted for separating of flesh and discharge of seeds. Grid-type concave is positioned under drum and joined to cylindrical seed separating screen. Fruit crust removing conveyor is positioned rearward of rubbing screw. Seed unloading device is positioned under screw provided within housing.

EFFECT: improved quality of separated components.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for processing fruits of gourds.

A known machine for separating seeds from mature crops using a pin chopping drum with an adjustable deck and a separating organ, in which, in order to simplify the design and increase productivity, the separating organ is made in the form of a horizontal centrifuge, in the conical casing of which two rotating conical are mounted concentrically on the shaft sieves, the inner of which serves to receive the crushed mass and the separation of the peel, and the outer - to separate the seeds (SU, author's certificate No. 122366. M. class. A 23 N 3/12. Machine for the separation of seeds from fruit crops // B. Ya. Antilikatorov. Declared December 17, 1958. publ. 1959).

The disadvantages of this machine include high energy costs due to the use of a commercially available pin (wedge) threshing machine.

It is also known a device for cutting the core from the fruits of melons, containing a chain conveyor with needle holders, a cleaning unit with knives and drives, in which, with the aim of increasing productivity and providing the ability to control the thickness of the cut layer and processing fruits of various diameters, it is equipped with an additional cleaning unit, serving for processing smaller fruits, made similar to the main one, each cleaning unit is equipped with an annular knife holder mounted on the drive and horizontal and vertical ikalnoy spring-loaded pressure plates, the blades have a wedge shape, and the inner side of the chain conveyor, during its movement in front of each cleaning unit is arcuate limiter (SU Inventor's Certificate №973102, M.kl ^3. A 23 N 4/24. An apparatus for cutting cores from the fruits of melons / V. M. Saghatelyan, V. A. Avakyan and A. G. Mikaelyan. Declared April 15, 1980, publ. November 15, 1982).

The described device is functional only with freshly picked fruits, i.e. with hard bark. Practice shows that overripe fruits, even with partially rotten bark and pulp, are the best in variety quality and seed germination.

There is also known a machine for extracting seeds from fruits of melons, containing a hopper and a device for destroying fruits and a device for isolating seeds from chopped heap, in which, in order to increase the yield of seeds and reduce their pollution by eliminating the formation of crumbs, a device for destroying the fruit is made in the form of a polyhedron, each face of which is equipped with knives, the polyhedron being shifted to the bottom wall of the hopper, and the latter has pockets for the passage of knives (SU author's videtelstvo №772520. M.kl ^3. A 23 N 4/00. Machine for allocation of seeds from fruits melons / I.N.Egorov, M.A.Zhukov, L.S.Zemlyanov et al. Stated 20.04.1979, publ. 10/23/1980).

The disadvantages of this machine, which is used in practice in solving the problem of isolating seeds from the fruits of melons, are the unsatisfactory quality of the extracted seeds. The latter is expressed both in a large (up to 22%) amount of damaged seeds, and in waste together with pulp (10-17%).

The closest analogue to the claimed object relates to a device for separating seeds from fruits of melons, containing a hopper and a device for destroying fruits and a device for isolating seeds from chopped heap, the device for destroying fruits is made in the form of passive knives and a drive rotor with T-shaped cutting elements, and the device for isolating seeds has counter-rotating screws, tiered mounted under and above the false ceilings in the form of finger grids, and this hopper is provided with a bottom Prutkov (RU patent №2202933, ⁷ IPC A 23 N 4/00, 7/08. The apparatus for allocation of seeds from fruits melons / Abezin VG Pyndak VI, VV Karpunin ., Boromensky V.P., Saldaev AM Declared February 7, 2001, Published April 27, 2003, Bull. No. 12).

The disadvantages of the described device include high energy consumption when chopping the fruit due to imperfections in the design of T-shaped knives, the lack of dividing concave, which allows the juice to be separated from the fruit during grinding, the complexity of the installation design.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the invention is directed, reducing the cost of juice, seeds, pulp and improving the quality of shared components.

EFFECT: reduced energy consumption, increased operational reliability and simplified design.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known installation for processing fruits of melons, including a hopper, a device for destroying fruits and a device for destroying fruits into juice, pulp and seeds, pitched boards and a container for collecting pulp and juice according to the invention, the device for destroying fruits is made in the form of passive flat knives fixed in a checkerboard pattern in the bottom of the hopper, in the form of segments and a drum mounted above them on the drive shaft with the same burners and a casing closed on top, with a spring-loaded reflective plate attached to the drum casing, and a device for breaking fruit into juice, pulp and seeds of a wiper screw with an elastic rim placed under the reflective plate, paired with a seed separating cylindrical sieve and placed under the cylindrical sieve of the casing with the lower part and the size of the holes to prevent the passage of seeds through them, in which a screw with an elastic rim is also installed for separating the pulp and unloading the seeds, od drum taken concave grating, combined with Friction cylindrical sieve, for wiping the screw conveyor is installed to remove crusts, and under the screw conveyor disposed in the housing for shipment seeds.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows the installation, a transverse vertical section.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

Installation for processing fruits of melons and gourds contains a hopper 1, in the lower part of which flat knives 2 are fixed in a checkerboard pattern in the form of segments. Above the flat knives 2, a drum 3 is installed with knives 4 in the form of segments. The design of knives 2 and 4 is identical.

A drum 3 with knives 4 is mounted on the drive shaft 5. On top of the drum 3 with knives 4 is closed by a casing 6, to which a bracket 7 is welded for attaching the compression spring 8. The compression spring 8 is supported in the reflective plate 9.

Under the reflective plate 9 is placed an elastic rim 10 of the wiper screw 11, paired with a seed separating cylindrical sieve 12. Behind the wiper screw 11 there is a conveyor 13 for removing fruit peel. For their submission serves as a sloping board 14. Under the cylindrical sieve 12 is placed a cylindrical casing 15 with a trellised bottom. In the casing 15 is installed with an elastic rim 16 auger 17 for separating the pulp and unloading the seeds. Under the screw 17 there is a conveyor 18 for shipping seeds. To collect the pulp and juice, a container 19 is provided. To feed the pulp and juice into the container 19, pitched boards 20 and 21 are used. Under the drum 3 with knives 4 there is a trellis concave 22.

Installation for processing fruits of gourds works as follows.

The fruits 23 are conveyed or manually fed into the hopper 1. The fruit hits the flat knives 2. From impact, the fruit is cut into pieces and destroyed. Under the influence of the force of weight, the fruit 23 moves and falls under the influence of rotating knives 4. The mutual influence of the knives 2 and 4 divides each fruit into thin slices. The pulp and juice, released in this case, enter through the concave holes 22 onto the ramp board 21 and are sent to the container 19. The fruits cut into slices are discarded by knives 4 of the drum 3 onto the reflective plate 9, which vibrates under the influence of impacts and compression spring 8. This contributes to the separation into fractions of seeds, juice and peel. The crushed mass of fruits enters the casing of the wiper screw 11, which has an elastic rim 10 on the outer edge of the coils 10. The lower part of the casing 12, which is made of a grating, ensures the separation of seeds and pulp from the crust through the holes and their entry into the casing 15 of the screw 17 with an elastic rim 16. The lower part of the casing 15, also made trellised and with the size of the holes preventing the passage of seeds through them, therefore, only juice and pulp of the fruit passes through its holes, and then through the ramp board 20 enter the container 19 for collecting juice and pulp. Seeds separated by a screw 17 from juice and pulp are fed to the seed conveyor 18, the fruit peel, separated from seeds, juice and pulp, is conveyed by a screw 11 along the ramp board 14 to the conveyor 13 to remove the crust.

Juice with pulp from the tank 19 is fed for further processing, and the seeds are conveyed by 18 seeds to the sink. After collecting the fruit, the peel of the conveyor 13 is fed to livestock feed.

The plant for processing the fruits of melons and gourds provides a complete separation of the crushed mass into peel, seeds and pulp with juice and guaranteed separation of seeds from pulp.

Claims (1)

Installation for processing fruits of melons, including a hopper, a device for destroying fruits and a device for destroying fruits into juice, pulp and seeds, pitched boards and a container for collecting pulp and juice, characterized in that the device for destroying fruits is made in the form flat knives in the form of segments fixed at the bottom of the hopper in a checkerboard pattern and mounted above them on a drive shaft of a drum with the same knives and closed by a casing on top, with a subs attached to the casing of the drum suppressed reflective plate, and the device for destroying fruits into juice, pulp and seeds is made in the form of a wiper screw with an elastic rim placed under the reflective plate, paired with a seed separating cylindrical sieve and placed under the cylindrical sieve of the casing with the lower grating and opening sizes that prevent passage through seeds, in which a screw with an elastic rim is also installed for separating the pulp and unloading the seeds, with a trellised concave placed under the drum coupled with a seed separating cylindrical sieve, a conveyor is installed behind the wiper screw to remove the fruit peel, and a conveyor for shipping seeds is placed under the screw located in the casing.