RU2552038C1 - Unit for separation of seeds from watermelon fruits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural machinery industry, in particular to machines for separation of seeds from the fruits of melons and for extraction of juice from fruits. The unit comprises a hopper and a device for destruction of fruit placed in it, and a device for separating seeds from the crushed heap. The device for destruction of fruits comprises an inclined tray with longitudinal and transverse knives for cutting fruit crust and a destructing-wiping resilient-elastic drum with wave-shaped outer surface closed outside with the casings. Under the lower part of the drum a grate concave is mounted. Under the concave a brush screw is mounted, the tray bottom of which is made grid-like. Under the grid bottom a lower brush screw is placed, the bottom of the tray of which is made grid-like. At the output of the grid bottom a discharge conveyor for crust is mounted. At the output of the grid bottom a conveyor for seeds is mounted. The drive of the destructing-wiping resilient-elastic drum, the screws and discharge conveyors is implemented by electric motors through the chain transmissions.

EFFECT: use of the invention enables to improve the quality of processing melon crops.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for the selection of seeds from the fruits of melons, and can be used in the processing industry to obtain juice from fruits.

A known machine for separating seeds from juicy crops using a pin chopping drum with an adjustable deck and a separating organ, in which, in order to simplify the design and increase productivity, the separating organ is made in the form of a horizontal centrifuge, in the conical casing of which two rotating conical sieves, the inner of which serves to receive the crushed mass and the separation of the peel, and the outer - to separate the seeds (SU copyright certificate 122366, M. class. A23N 3/12).

The disadvantages of this machine include high energy costs due to the use of a serial pin (wedge) threshing machine.

It is also known a device for cutting the core from the fruits of melons, containing a chain conveyor with needle holders, a cleaning unit with knives and drives, in which, with the aim of increasing productivity and providing the ability to control the thickness of the cut layer and processing fruits of various diameters, it is equipped with an additional cleaning unit, serving for processing smaller fruits, made similar to the main one, each cleaning unit is equipped with an annular knife holder mounted on the drive and horizontal and vertical ikalnoy spring-loaded pressure plates, the blades have a wedge shape, and the inner side of the chain conveyor, in the course of its movement before each node is arcuate cleaning stopper (SU inventor's certificate 973 102, M. cl. ³ A23N 4/24).

The described device is functional only with freshly picked fruits, i.e. with hard bark. Practice shows that overripe fruits, even with partially rotten bark and pulp, are the best in variety quality and seed germination.

A known machine for the separation of seeds from the fruits of melons, containing a hopper and located in it a device for destroying fruits and a device for separating seeds from chopped heaps, in which, in order to increase the yield of seeds and reduce their pollution by eliminating the formation of crumbs, a device for destroying fruits made in the form of a polyhedron, each face of which is equipped with knives, the polyhedron being displaced to the bottom wall of the hopper, and the latter made pockets for the passage of knives (SU author's witness Government 772520, M. Cl. ³ A23N 4/00).

The disadvantages of this machine, used to solve the problem of isolating seeds from the fruits of melons, are the poor quality of the extracted seeds. The latter is expressed both in a large (up to 22%) amount of damaged seeds, and in waste together with pulp (10-17%).

A known installation for processing fruits of melons, including a hopper, a device for destroying fruits and a device for destroying fruits into juice, pulp and seeds, pitched boards and a container for collecting pulp and juice, the device for destroying fruits is made in the form of fixed in the lower part of the hopper staggered flat knives in the form of segments mounted above them on the drive shaft of the drum with the same knives and closed on top by a casing, and springs are attached to the casing of the drum a reflection plate, and a device for destroying fruits into juice, pulp and seeds is made in the form of a wiper screw with an elastic rim placed under the reflection plate, paired with a seed separating cylindrical sieve and placed under the cylindrical sieve of the casing with the lower grating part and the size of the holes preventing passage through seeds, in which a screw with an elastic rim is also installed for separating the pulp and unloading the seeds, moreover, under the drum there is a trellised concave, sop yazhennoe semyaotdelitelnym with the cylindrical sieve, for wiping the screw conveyor is installed to remove fruit peels, and under screw housed in a casing - a conveyor for loading seeds (RU patent 2287306 C1, A23N 4/00).

The disadvantages of this installation include significant damage to the seeds with knives of the device for destroying fruits and the low quality of separation of chopped heaps.

The closest analogue to the claimed object relates to a device for separating seeds from fruits of melons, containing a hopper and a device for destroying fruits and a device for isolating seeds from chopped heap, the device for destroying fruits is made in the form of passive knives and a drive rotor with T-shaped cutting elements, and the device for separating seeds has counter-rotating screws, tiered mounted under and above the false ceilings in the form of finger grids, and this hopper is provided with a bottom Prutkov (RU patent №2202933, IPC ⁷ A23N 4/00, 7/08).

The disadvantages of the described device include high energy consumption when chopping the fruit due to imperfections in the design of T-shaped knives, the lack of dividing concave, which allows the juice to be separated from the fruit during grinding, the complexity of the installation design.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to be solved by the claimed invention is directed, the reduction of seed injury, the reduction of energy consumption for fruit processing, the possibility of separation of the fruit into peel, seeds and juice.

The technical result is a simplification of the design, obtaining high quality seed material, reducing energy consumption.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known installation for separating seeds from watermelon fruits, containing a hopper and a device for destroying fruits and a device for isolating seeds from chopped heap, according to the invention, the device for destroying fruits includes an inclined tray with longitudinal and transverse knives for cutting the peel of the fruit and destructive-rubbing elastically elastic drum with a wavy outer surface, closed on the outside with casings under the lower part of the destructive-cleaning drum, a trellis concave was installed, the height of the blades of the knives is equal to the thickness of the bark of the processed fruit, which varies between 8.5 ... 12.6 mm depending on the type of watermelon, the length of the inclined tray is l _l = (1.2 ... 1.3 ) πД, where D is the diameter of the fruit, a brush auger is installed under the trellis concave, the bottom of the tray is trellised with the dimensions of the cells providing passage of seeds and pulp, a lower brush auger is placed under the trellis bottom, the bottom of the tray is mesh, preventing stroke seed outlet grill mounted offloading conveyor bottom cover, and the output sieve bottom set seed conveyor drive destructively-elastic wiper drum, screw conveyors and shipping is formed by electric motors through chain transmission.

The analysis of the prior art by the Applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "Novelty" under existing law.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a plant for isolating seeds from the fruits of watermelons.

Figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1.

Figure 3 is a view In figure 1.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

An apparatus for extracting seeds from watermelon fruits includes a frame 1, on which a hopper 2 is mounted, in the lower part of which an inclined tray 3 with longitudinal 4 and transverse knives 5 is made. The height of the knife blades should be equal to the thickness of the bark of the processed fruits, which varies within 8, 5 ... 12.6 mm, depending on the type of watermelon. The length of the inclined tray should be equal to l _l = (1.2 ... 1.3) πD, where D is the diameter of the fetus. The elastic-elastic drum 6 has a wavy outer surface and is intended to capture the fetus, its destruction and separation of seeds with pulp from the crust. On top, the elastic drum is covered by a casing 7, and in the lower part it is covered by a trellis concave 8. Under the concave, a brush wiping screw of the crust 9 is installed, the bottom of which is made in the form of a sieve 10 with cells providing passage of juice, seeds and pulp without a crust.

Under the wiping screw of the crust 9, a wiping brush screw of 11 seeds is mounted, the bottom part of the 12 tray of which is made mesh, providing passage of juice and pulp without seeds. Under the bottom part 12 of the wiper screw 11 seeds installed capacity 13 for collecting juice and pulp. At the output of the wiping screw of the crust 9 at the level of its bottom 12, a conveyor 14 is provided for shipping the crust used for feed purposes. At the output of the wiping screw of 11 seeds at the level of its bottom 12, a conveyor 15 for shipping seeds is installed. The conveyors and wiping screws are driven from an electric motor (not shown in the diagram) through chain transmissions 16, 17, 18. The elastic-elastic drum 6 is driven to shaft 19 through a chain gear 20 from a separate electric motor (not shown).

Installation for the allocation of seeds from the fruits of watermelons works as follows.

The pre-washed fruits are fed into the hopper 2 and, under the action of gravity, rolls over the inclined tray 3. When rolling, the fruits interact with the longitudinal 4 and transverse 5 knives, which cut the fruit peel, since the experimentally established force of puncture of the fruit bark is within 3.3 ... 4.5 kg, and the weight of the fetus in most cases exceeds this force. In addition, the vertical knives 5 are placed on the tray in cascade, which causes an impact load on the fetus and its bark will be cut. The fruit with the bark cut into rectangles interacts with the elastic drum 6 and collapses into separate rectangular pieces, which are rubbed with the outer edge of the drum 6 along the trellised concave and enter the brush brush wiper screw 9 of the crust, where the seeds and pulp are fed into the wiper tray when the crushed fruit mass is mixed. brush auger 11 through the sieve 10. In this case, the crust is transported with a brush-wipe screw of the crust 9 to the exit to the conveyor 14 of the crust. A mixture of juice, pulp and seeds is mixed with a brush-wiper screw 11, while the pulp and juice through the mesh part of the tray 12 enter the container 13, and the seeds are fed to the seed conveyor 15, which feeds the seeds for further processing.

Claims (1)

A device for extracting seeds from watermelon fruits, containing a hopper and a device for destroying the fruits and a device for separating seeds from the chopped heap located in it, characterized in that the device for destroying the fruit includes an inclined tray with longitudinal and transverse knives for cutting the fruit peel and destructively wiping elastically elastic drum with a wavy outer surface, closed outside by covers, under the lower part of the destructive-wiping drum there is a trellis under arabane height equal to the thickness knife blades cortex processed fruits, which varies within 8.5 ... 12.6 mm depending on the grade watermelons inclined trough length equal to _L l = (1.2 ... 1.3) πD where D - the diameter of the fruit, a brush screw is installed under the trellis concave, the bottom of the tray is trellised with mesh sizes that ensure the passage of seeds and pulp, a lower brush screw is placed under the trellis bottom, the bottom of the tray is mesh, preventing the passage of seeds, a shipping t is mounted at the outlet of the trellis bottom a conveyor of the crust, and a seed conveyor is installed at the outlet of the mesh bottom, the drive of the destructive wiping elastic drum, screws and shipping conveyors is made from electric motors through chain transmissions.

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