RU2185761C1 - Apparatus for reprocessing of cucurbitaceous crop fruit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture and food- processing industry. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has chamber incorporating feeding hopper, grinding drum, finger-type concave, device for extracting juice from flesh made in the form of rolls rotating in opposite directions, conveyor for feeding ground mass to rubbing grid, intermediate pan, seed discharge conveyor, inclined pan for draining juice and discharging flesh, juice vessel, waste discharge conveyor and seed conveyor. Rubbing grid is composed of succession of rods arranged in equally spaced relation or with variable spacing. Rubbing grid is joined to finger-type concave and intermediate pan. Conveyor for feeding ground mass and seed discharge conveyor disposed under said conveyor are mounted below rubbing grid at different inclination angles to horizontal plane. Pan for draining juice and for discharge of flesh is made ridge-shaped. Grinding drum is equipped with clearing plate mounted above drive shaft of conveyor for feeding ground mass. EFFECT: reduced damage to cucurbitaceous seed crop and increased efficiency. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for the separation of seeds, juice and separation of pulp.

 A device for separating seeds from fruits and vegetables is known, comprising a chamber with a transporting body located inside, a receiving and unloading nozzle, and a separating device, in which, in order to increase productivity, the transporting body consists of two screws located coaxially at opposite ends of the chamber, and between screws along their axis are several pairs of electrodes; the positive electrodes are fixed in the shafts of the screws, and the negative ones on the vertical rod mounted inside the chamber; the chamber at the location of the electrodes has an additional outlet pipe for draining the liquid fraction; the screw and part of the chamber above the discharge pipe are made conical (SU, copyright certificate 667197, M.kl2 A 23 N 4/12. Device for isolating seeds from fruits and vegetables (V.N. Pisarevsky, V.Kh. Prishchak, V.V. Ivanov. Claimed 05/19/1977, published 06/15/1979).

 The disadvantages of the device include the complexity of the design and the need for additional units: a fruit chopper and a high-voltage device.

 It is also known a device for separating seeds from fruits of melons, containing a housing, a chopper with a receiving hopper installed in it, a shaft, a mesh partition, a device for separating crusts from the pulp and seeds and a conveying unit for transferring the pulp and seeds to the separator, in which, with In order to increase productivity and simplify the device, it is equipped with a knife screw and a device for separating crusts from the pulp and seeds, made in the form of a knife screw installed on the shaft at the end of the cutting zone of the rotor thrower , at the location of which the mesh partition forms a pocket, while the transporting unit for transferring the pulp and seeds to the separator is a screw conveyor located under the mesh bottom, in the discharge zone of which there is a scraper conveyor elevator placed in the box with a drain adjustable hole, the level of the upper the edge of the drain hole in the upper part of the bottom of the box is located between the level of the shaft of the rotor thrower and the level of the bottom of the pocket, and a regulator is attached to the lower edge of the drain hole lining plate; the casing is equipped with an adjustable valve connected by a control line to a liquid level sensor in the device casing (SU, copyright certificate 1205883, M.kl.4 A 23 N 4/12. Device for separating seeds from gourds // T. Nosirov, R. S Tukaev, H. Davlatov, A. Ortikov, A.B. Sultanov. Declared 02/08/1984, published 01/23/1986).

 The disadvantages of the device, despite its high productivity - 1.0-1.5 t / h, include a large proportion of damaged seeds.

 The closest analogue to the claimed object is essentially a plant for processing gourds, containing a chamber with a receiving hopper, a chopping drum, finger concave, a device for extracting juice from the pulp in the form of counter-rotating rollers, a conveyor for feeding the chopped mass to wiper screen, intermediate tray, seed conveyor, inclined sump for draining juice and pulp, juice container, waste conveyor and conveyor Myan (see Fact Sheet 66-98 of the Volgograd Center for Scientific and Technical Information / comp .: V.G. Abezin, V.P. Boromensky. - Volgograd. - 1998. - S.1-4).

 The disadvantages of the presented installation, adopted as the closest analogue, are the low quality of the extracted seeds and the tendency to clog with chopped pieces of processed fruits.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of separation of seeds from the pulp of the fruit.

 The technical result is a decrease in the degree of trauma to the seeds of melons and increase productivity.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device for processing fruits of melons, containing a chamber and a receiving hopper mounted therein, a grinding drum, finger concave, a device for separating juice from the pulp in the form of counter-rotating rollers, a conveyor for feeding the chopped mass to the wiper sieve, intermediate tray, seed conveyor, inclined tray for juice and pulp drainage, juice container, waste conveyor and seed conveyor, according to the invention, an irregular sieve from rods successively installed with equal or variable pitch is interfaced with a finger concave and an intermediate tray, a conveyor for feeding the crushed mass and a seed removal conveyor mounted under it have different angles of inclination to the horizon mounted under the tier, mounted at the bottom of the chamber the nodes of the pallet for drainage of juice and the pulp are gable, and the chopping drum is equipped with a baffle plate installed above the drive shaft of the conveyor for supply of crushed mass.

 Due to the fact that the grinding drum is equipped with a baffle plate, the wiping sieve is associated with a finger concave and an intermediate tray, and the conveyors for feeding the crushed mass and seeds are installed in different directions, the above technical result is achieved.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows a device for processing fruits of melons.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed technical solution is as follows:
A device for processing fruits of melons and gourds contains a chamber and a receiving hopper 1 mounted on its walls and base, a chopping drum 2, finger concave 3, a device for extracting juice from the pulp of fruits in the form of counter-rotating drive rollers 4 and 5, a conveyor 6 for feeding the chopped mass to the cleaning sieve 7, an intermediate tray 8, a seed removal conveyor 9, an inclined tray 10 for draining the juice and gathering pulp of processed fruits, a juice container 11, a waste conveyor 12 and a seed conveyor 13.

The shaft 14 of the grinding drum 2 through an elastic coupling is connected to the shaft of the electric motor (installed power 7.5 kW, rotation speed 16 s ^-1 (960 rpm), voltage 380 V, frequency 50 Hz). On the cantilever part of the shaft 14 of the grinding drum 2, a leading twin sprocket 15 is placed with a pitch of 15.385 mm. The drive sprocket 15 of the shaft 14 of the drum 2 through a two-row chain transmission is connected to similar sprockets 16, 17 and 18, respectively, on the drive shafts 19, 20 and 21 of the conveyor 6, conveyor 9 and the lower roller 5 of the juice extraction device. The directions of rotation of the drive shafts 14, 19, 20 and 21 are shown in the drawing by arrows.

 Wiping sieve 7 is made of sequentially installed steel bars with a diameter of 12-16 mm The rods along the length of the sieve 7 are installed with equal pitch or with a decrease in the pitch between adjacent rods towards the intermediate tray 8. The wiping sieve 7 with the extreme rods 32 and 23 is interfaced with a finger concave 3 and the intermediate tray 8. The conveyor 6 mounted under the said sieve 7 for feeding the chopped the masses and the seed removal conveyor 9 installed underneath it have different angles of inclination to the horizon and linear speeds of the leading branches 24 and 25. Installed in the lower part of the chamber under the tiered nodes - sieve 7 and transport ramie 6 and 9 - 10 for a drain pan juice and pulp is formed vanishing gable. The chopping drum 2 in the form of a set of cut circular knives is provided with a baffle plate 26. The plate 26 is mounted above the drive shaft 19 of the conveyor 6 for feeding the chopped mass.

 A device for processing fruits of gourds works as follows.

 Washed fruits, such as watermelon, are fed manually to the receiving hopper 1. When the motor is turned on by pressing the "Start" button of the magnetic starter post, the knives of the chopping drum 2 are given the required speed. Cutting the fruit into slices with knives of the drum 2 is performed on the finger concave 3. The cut lobes fall onto the conveyor branch 6. The jack plate 26 cleans the knives of the chopping drum 2 from overhanging pieces. The spherical layers and spherical segments cut off from the round fruit are transported by elements of the infinite branch of the conveyor 6 to the cavity of the cleaning sieve 7. The sieve 7 is separated from the pulp of the watermelon (melon, pumpkin, etc.) with the pulp. The liquid and gelatinous mass falls through the elements of the conveyor 6 and enters the cells of the conveyor 9. Through the cells of the conveyor, juice and gelatinous mass freely flow. The peel of the watermelon with pulp in segments in the gap between the last bar 23 and the upper element of the conveyor 6 enters the intermediate tray 8. From the tray 8, the mass is captured by the driven drive roller 4 and is sent to the inter-roll space of the pair of rollers 4 and 5. The pulp is compressed by rollers 4 and 5. Juice from the pulp enters the container 11 along the chamber wall. The squeezed pulp is conveyed by the conveyor 12 from the chamber cavity and discharged into the body of the tractor trolley for transport to the feed shop. Due to the difference in speeds and a decreasing gap between the leading branches of the conveyors 6 and 9, the elements of the infinite branch of the conveyor 6 and the cells of the infinite branch of the conveyor 9, the seeds are intensively rubbed from the pulp. The cells of the conveyor 9 seeds are discharged onto the steep edge of the pallet 10. The seeds of watermelons directed by the pallet 10 by the conveyor 13 are transferred to a container with water to wash off the mucus.

 Thus, setting the conveyors 6 and 9 at different angles to the horizon, the baffle plate 26 above the drive shaft 19 of the conveyor 6 and the wiping sieve rods 7 from the finger concave 3 to the tray 8 ensured the complete release of seeds from the pulp with minimal mechanical injury. The exclusion of clogging slices of watermelon and other fruits of melons and gourds contributed to the continuous execution of the process and increase the productivity of the device compared to the base object by 60-70% at the same energy costs.

Claims (1)

 A device for processing fruits of melons, containing a chamber and a receiving hopper mounted in it, a grinding drum, finger concave, a device for separating juice from the pulp in the form of counter-rotating rollers, a conveyor for feeding the crushed mass to the wiper screen, an intermediate tray, a seed removal conveyor, inclined tray for drainage of juice and pulp, juice container, waste conveyor and seed conveyor, characterized in that the wiper sieve is made of sequentially installed with equal or variable pitch of the rods, the outermost rods are connected with a finger concave and an intermediate tray, the conveyor for feeding the crushed mass and the seed conveyor installed under it have different angles of inclination to the horizon mounted under the said sieve, installed in the lower part of the chamber under the tier to drain the juice and the pulp is made gable, and the chopping drum is equipped with a baffle plate installed above the drive shaft of the conveyor to supply the chopped mass.