RU2294611C1 - Combined tilling, fertilizing and sowing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, technique for simultaneous execution of main processes such as tillage, application of fertilizers and sowing.

SUBSTANCE: combined apparatus has hitch tongue, hopper, mellowing-and-sowing part including disk batteries, hoes, shanks, roller, and pipeline system. Hopper divided into seed and fertilizer parts is mounted in front of mellowing-and-sowing part. Hopper has frame, wheels, fans with drive mechanism, and hydraulic control device for controlling of mellowing-and-sowing part which is equipped with central frame including hitch tongue for connection to hydraulic control device, and side frames. Roller is positioned in front of first row of shanks and is equipped with round bars having spiral rods coiled on its working surface. V-shaped levelers are positioned in front of roller and fixed on shank wings above cutting plane and are separated from cutting plane by distance equal to soil layer lifting value.

EFFECT: reduced operational costs, improved quality of soil tillage, fertilizer application and sowing processes.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to combined tillage units that simultaneously produce the basic operations of tillage and sowing.

Known combined tillage sowing unit [1], including the frame, the gum, supporting wheels, adjustment mechanisms, disk batteries, flat-cutting legs, openers, plank drum, seed box, drive mechanism, seed tubes.

The disadvantages of the known unit include structural and technological disadvantage, which consists in the fact that when working at the beginning of the rut, its mass is greater than the mass at the end of the rut, since seeds are sown from the seed box. This change in the mass of the unit affects the depth of the coulters and the depth of seed placement in the soil, at the beginning it is more than at the end, until the next seed box refueling. In addition, the width of the known unit is only 4 m, therefore, its hourly output is small, which leads to a delay in the sowing time, and it is difficult to adjust the depth of the batteries.

Known tillage and sowing unit [2], including the bale, hopper, loosening and sowing part having disk batteries, legs, openers, roller, piping system.

The disadvantages of the known tillage and sowing unit include an insufficient list of technological operations, which performs the unit in one pass and additional work related to the cultivation of agricultural crops. crops: this is the sowing of grain, row crops, industrial crops. This reduces the annual load, operating and capital costs for the combined tillage unit.

To eliminate these drawbacks and achieve positive results, the hopper, divided into seed and fat parts, is mounted in front of the cultivating-sowing part and has a frame, wheels, fans with a drive mechanism and a hydraulic hitch for controlling the cultivating-sowing part of the unit, which has a central frame with a box for connections to the hydraulic hitch and side frames, while the roller is installed in front of the first row of openers and is made with round rods, on the working surface of which the rods are wound in a spiral, and The ice rink has V-shaped levelers mounted on the wings of the paws above the undercut plane by the amount of formation rise.

The joint work of the fertilizer and seed hopper equipped with a system for feeding seeds and fertilizers under the legs and to the coulters with the loosening part of the unit makes it possible not only to increase hourly productivity by combining technological operations, but also to expand its annual load and reduce direct costs.

The location of the frame, wheels, fan with the mechanism of the drive of the hopper in front of the cultivating-sowing part of the unit, which has a central frame with a tongue for attaching to the hydraulic hitch of its side frame, allows not only to increase maneuverability, but also to improve the quality of the formation of the upper layer above the seeds.

The scheme of the piping system, the pipes of which are arranged in two rows, allows the introduction of fertilizers to a depth of more than 2, 3 cm than the depth of seed placement. This also allows the installation of paws to a depth of 8-9 cm and thereby increase their stability in the transverse and longitudinal directions.

The installation of V-shaped levelers on the wings of the paws above the undercut plane by the amount of formation rise, the work of which is carried out in front of the skating rink, improves the quality of the formation of the fractional composition of the soil, namely: soil density and surface evenness, which in turn increases the uniformity of seed placement with coulters.

The implementation of the roller with round rods, on the working surface of which the rods are arranged in a spiral when working in front of the coulters, provide mulching of the upper layer of soil compaction below the seed placement with disk coulters.

Figure 1 shows the proposed unit (a - side view, b - top view).

Figure 2 shows the hopper for seeds and fat (a - side view, b - top view).

Figure 3 presents a diagram of the supply of seeds and fat to the executive working bodies (perspective view).

Figure 4 shows the suspension of double row disc coulters (side view).

Figure 5 shows the ice rink (a - side view, b - top view).

The combined soil cultivating, fertilizing and sowing unit includes a bale 1, a bunker 2, divided into seed 3 and fertilized 4 parts, frame 5, wheels 6, fans 7, drive mechanism 8, hydraulic control linkage 9, loosening-sowing part 10, central frame 11 with a snare 12, side frames 13, disk batteries 14, legs 15, openers 16, roller 17, rods 18, rods 19, V-shaped equalizer 20.

Snitsa 1 is designed to attach the unit to the tractor. The hopper 3 is mounted in front of the cultivating-sowing part 10, with the help of a snake 12 it is connected to the hydraulic hitch 9 of the hopper 2. The roller 17 is installed in front of the first row of openers 16. It is made of round rods 18, on the working surface of which the rods 19 are wound in a spiral, and before the roller 17 is located V-shaped equalizers 20, mounted on the wings of the legs 15 above the plane of the undercut by the amount of formation rise.

A feature of the piping system 21 is that it can supply fertilizer to the legs 15 and seeds to the coulters 16.

The coulters 16 are mounted on leashes, interlocked and have a single common hinge mounted on the frame.

A design feature of the roller 17 is that on its rods 18 of circular cross-section, the rods 19 are wound in a spiral.

A technical feature of the paw 15 is the setting of a V-shaped equalizer on their wings above the undercut plane by the amount of formation rise.

For the operation of the unit, the snitsa 1 is attached to the tractor and in the transport position is delivered to the place of technological operations, for which the unit is lowered into the working position using the tractor hydraulic system, which is connected to the hydraulic system of the loosening-sowing part 10, before starting the movement, turn on the fans 7, then they begin to move. When moving, the disk batteries 14 loosen the soil, crush the crop residues, paws 15 cut the formation, crumble it, V-shaped equalizers 20 provide a flat surface. At this time, tuks are fed under the paws 15 and distributed along the undercut plane. Fats are fed from the hopper 2 of the fertilizer part 4 through the piping system 21 under pressure, which creates fans 7 in the pipes of the lower level pneumatic system. At the same time, from the seed part 3 of the hopper under pressure, the seeds through the pipes of the conductive system 21 of the upper tier go to the coulters 16, which they are placed in a compacted layer created by the roller 17, rods 18 and rods 19.

Thus, in one pass, the proposed unit produces both soil cultivation, fertilizer application of fertilizers, and sowing agricultural crops. crops, placing them at the required depth above 2-3 cm the location of mineral fertilizers (fertilizer).

The use of the proposed combined tillage and sowing unit does not violate the ecological balance in the area of its application.

Information sources

1. Rykov. V.B., Taranin V.I., Belts A.F. Combined cultivating sowing unit KPPA - 4 / I.l. No. 2 32-99. - SGP VNIPTIMESKH. - Zernograd. - 1999, - 4 p.

2. Nebavsky V.A., Trubilin E.I., Kravchenko B.C., Kutseev V.V. Tillage sowing unit. Announced on 08/19/2002 by application 2002122469/12. Published by OB No. 13. - M., 2004 (05.20.2004).

Claims (1)

Combined soil-cultivating, fertilizing and sowing unit, including bale, bunker, loosening and sowing part, with disk batteries, legs, coulters, roller, piping system, characterized in that the bunker, divided into seed and fertilizer parts, is mounted in front of the loosening-sowing part and has a frame, wheels, fans with a drive mechanism and a hydraulic hitch to control the loosening-sowing part of the unit, which has a central frame with a snap for connection to the hydraulic hitch and side frames, while the roller it is installed in front of the first row of openers and is made with round rods, on the working surface of which rods are wound in a spiral, and in front of the roller there are V-shaped levelers fixed on the wings of the legs above the undercut plane by the amount of the formation rise.

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