RU2292157C2 - Fodder additive for increasing productivity and quality of production in young bulls reared for meat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodder production.

SUBSTANCE: the suggested fodder additive contains fodder components with rumen-nonsplit protein, that is corn gluten, soybean oil cake, dry brewery mash; synthetic nitrogenouis substances, organic acids or their salts and fodder sulfur, or application of the same fodder additive together with mineral-vitamin complex. Innovation enables to decrease the expenses of valuable high-protein fodder (oil cake) and other feedstuffs, and, also, nutrients per the unit of the obtained production and obtain economic effect.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

1 cl, 2 ex, 7 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, to feed additives for gobies grown for meat, and in particular to the field of measures aimed at increasing the intensity of growth of gobies, carcass yield and meat quality, reducing fodder and nutrients for production and obtaining an economic effect, and can be used on large and small beef farms, on small commodity farms with various animal husbandry technologies and farms.

Increasing the productivity of gobies grown for meat is achieved with the help of good nutrition, providing a sufficient amount of substrates and energy for the biosynthesis of meat components. In countries with developed livestock production, ruminant nutrition systems require the consideration of the quality of protein and carbohydrate feed. Taking into account the quality of protein and carbohydrates in feed, as Cornell University studies have shown, allows more efficient optimization of the nutrition of ruminants by predicting the flow of amino acids and carbohydrates from the intestines into the metabolic pool of the body (Beermann DH, Robinson TF, Knaus WF and Fox DG, 1977 "Formulation of protein supplements to provide ideal amounts of absorbed amino acids in growing cattle. // Proceedings 1997 Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1997. - P.172-180). with a low breakdown in protein rumen contributes to greater the flow of amino acids into the duodenum (Kuznetsova EI, “Quantitative parameters of the metabolism of feed nitrogen, endogenous urea in the sheep’s stomachs with different levels of protein in the rumen”, 1997, 25 pp .; Pogosyan DG “Digestibility of non-digestible protein in the rumen of various feeds in the intestines of growing gobies ", 1997, 25 pp.). In turn, a greater supply of amino acids into the intestine ensures the biosynthesis of muscle proteins at a higher level, increasing both the quantity and quality of production. Synthetic nitrogenous substances in the composition of ruminant animals, as a source of ammonia for the synthesis of amino acids by the rumen microflora, save the amino acids of feeds from splitting while simultaneously increasing the microbial mass ("Substitutes for feed protein" M., 1963, 351 pp. Tomme MF, Modyanov A .AT.). Thus, the influx of amino acids into the intestine increases not only due to the greater amount of feed protein that cannot be broken down in the rumen, but also due to the larger amount of complete microbial protein.

To improve the preservation and increase the productivity of animals, various substances are also used, which are normal metabolites of the body, in particular organic acids and their salts. To improve the safety of turkey poults in the first ten days after transferring them from the incubator (the critical age for turkey poultry and the greatest waste during this age period is observed), sodium citrate was given with drinking water along with other biologically active substances (carnitine chloride and glucose) RF patent N 1743521 "Method turkey poultry cultivation ", 1991, Galochkina V.P., Alfimtsev I.A., Ovcharenko E.V., Pakhmutov VS, Kiselev A.F., Zhizhin L.E.). Citric acid, along with other biologically active substances (carnitine chloride, glucose, vitamin C, magnesium oxide and the organo-selenium preparation selenopyran), was fed to the chickens with food to prevent the development of stress and increase their safety before vaccination against Newcastle disease (RF patent N 2050793 "Method of growing chickens ", 1994, Galochkina V.P., Boryaev G.I., Kiselev A.F.). In order to prevent undesirable effects arising from the parenteral administration to piglets of preparations containing iron salts (due to discoloration of the meat, the development of tumors at the injection site, reduction of meat production due to low absorption of iron in the muscles), mixtures were fed to them for the prevention of anemia in the first two weeks of life, containing organic iron salts (fumarate, citrate, succinate, etc.) or iron salts and organic acids (citric, succinic, gluconic, malic, fumaric, etc.) (US patent N 4362710 "Feed for p irrigate, the method of their preparation and the method of breeding piglets ", 1982, Yoshiko Watanabe). Gobies to relieve post-stress conditions after transportation to the complex for feeding young cattle and increase the growth rate for 10 days were fed a feed mixture, which included an organic acid salt, in particular sodium citrate, (RF patent N 2044493 "Method for feeding large calves cattle ", 1993, Matveev V.A., Galochkina V.P., Panasenko V.N., Burkova E.I.). Malic acid (one of the main products of cicatricial metabolism), included in cows and oxen together with urea in a silo-concentrate diet, increased the content of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and did not affect its ammonia content ("Influence of Adding Malic Fcid to Dairy Cattle Ration on Mile Production, rumen Volatile Acids, Digestibility, and Nitrogen Utilization ", 1982, L. Kung, JR, Huber, JD, Krummrey, L. Allison, and RMCook).

Inclusion of fodder with reduced protein breakdown into the diet increases the productivity of animals when they are grown for meat only due to the greater intake of protein in the small intestine and, therefore, amino acids in the blood flowing from the intestines. For example, Sviridova S. et al. (“Protein-mineral concentrates - a reserve for increasing beef production”, “Dairy and beef cattle breeding.” 2002, 5. P.16-18. Sviridova S., Dmitriev I., Dzhulamanov B.) showed on gobies of the Kazakh white-headed breed, that the inclusion in the diet of feed with reduced protein breakdown in the rumen increases the growth rate and increases the mass of pulp in the carcass and the meatiness index.

However, ruminants have an advantage over monogastric animals in providing the body with nitrogen-containing compounds.

Thanks to the use of synthetic nitrogenous substances and the maintenance of microbial processes, the intake of protein in the intestine increases due to the greater intake of microbial protein in the intestine and amino acids into the bloodstream.

Guided by the foregoing, we tested a feed supplement containing feed with low breakdown in the rumen of the protein, and to maintain microbial processes in the rumen, synthetic nitrogenous substances, organic acids or their salts and feed sulfur, or the same supplement together with complexes of minerals and vitamins (premix used for feeding bull-calves in industrial complexes for intensive rearing and fattening of young cattle (Manual on the technology of rearing and fattening of young cattle cattle in an industrial complex for 9880 heads), salt and limestone flour (chalk) as sources of minerals and stimulators of microbial processes in the rumen) on gobies grown for meat.

The inventive complex feed additive to increase the productivity and quality of products of bulls grown for meat while reducing the cost of valuable high-protein feed (meal) and other feed, as well as nutrients per unit of output, involving the use of a complex feed additive containing components with non-digestible protein in the rumen, for example, corn gluten, soybean meal, dry beer pellet, as well as synthetic nitrogenous substances (in terms of synthetic nitrogen nitrogen substances for crude protein) for a more balanced intake of amino acids into the intestines, organic acids (citric, fumaric, succinic, malic, etc.) or their salts (in acid), as stimulants of the energy and metabolic processes of cicatricial microflora in the body of gobies and fodder sulfur as a source of sulfur for the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids by rumen microflora - a source of high-grade protein for ruminants, dry matter protein feeds of a complex feed additive or the use of the same complex feed supplemented with a mineral-vitamin complex (premix used for feeding bulls in industrial complexes for intensive rearing and fattening of young cattle, table salt and limestone flour (chalk), as sources of mineral substances in quantities that provide the norm for the calves’s need for data substances and stimulating the vital activity of cicatricial microflora).

The aim of the invention is to increase the growth rate of bulls grown for meat, meat quality by increasing the yield of carcass, pulp in it, protein content, calorie content, taste of meat and reducing the number of bones in the carcass, while reducing the cost of meal and other feed, protein and other nutrients per unit of production and obtaining an economic effect using a complex feed additive containing feed with low protein breakdown in the rumen, synthetic nitrogenous substances, organic acids you or their salts, feed sulfur or the same complex feed supplement together with the mineral-vitamin complex.

A distinctive feature is that the active principle on the body of gobies is carried out by feeding a complex feed additive containing components with a protein that is low-breakable in the rumen, for example, corn gluten, soybean meal, beer grains (dry), which provide a more balanced and balanced supply of amino acids to the intestines, synthetic nitrogenous substances (in terms of nitrogen of synthetic nitrogenous substances to crude protein), as a source of nitrogen for rumen microflora and an activator of microbial processes in rumen - a source of high-grade protein for ruminants, from a crude protein of a complex feed additive, organic acids or their salts, stimulating the energy and metabolic processes of both the scar microflora and the body of gobies, and fodder sulfur, as a source of sulfur for the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids by rumen microflora, from dry matter of a complex feed additive or the same complex feed additive in conjunction with a mineral-vitamin complex (premix used for feeding gobies in industrial complexes To intensive rearing and fattening of young cattle, common salt and limestone flour (chalk) as sources of minerals in amounts that provide the needs of the data rate of steers and substances stimulating microbial processes in the rumen.

The use of a complex feed additive containing simultaneously feed with a protein that is low-cleavable in the rumen, synthetic nitrogenous substances, organic acids or their salts and feed sulfur, or the same complex feed additive in conjunction with a mineral-vitamin complex (premix used for feeding bulls in industrial complexes for intensive rearing and fattening of young cattle, salt and limestone flour (chalk), calves when grown for meat in an accessible patent and scientific We have not found any scientific literature, which allows us to consider the claimed invention patentable as “inventive step” that meets the patentability condition (Patent Law of the Russian Federation of 10/14/1992).

Example 1. The proposed integrated feed additive (KKD) was tested to increase the intensity of growth, product quality and reduce costs per unit of production on black-motley bulls aged 11-15 months when grown for meat in the vivarium of the institute. By the method of periods two experiments were carried out (from 11 to 13 months old and from 13 to 15 months old). Gobies received a diet (table 1). As can be seen from table 1, the diets of the gobies of the control group and with the proposed version of the complex feed additive in terms of the number of feeds, their set and nutrition did not differ. In the diet of gobies of the control groups, the dry matter content amounted to 8.47 and 9.64 kg, crude protein of 1139 and 1359 g and exchange energy of 84.06 and 95.41 MJ, respectively, in the first and second periods of the experiment. In the diets of gobies with the proposed complex feed additive of dry matter 8.47 and 9, 64 kg, crude protein 1093 and 1381 g and exchange energy 84.31 and 94.96 MJ, respectively, in the first and second periods of the experiment. Gobies with the proposed option instead of sunflower meal, which is part of the feed of the gobies of the control group, received a feed additive in the amount of 410 and 440 g, respectively, in the first and second periods of the experiment (Table 2). Feed additive of the following composition,%:

Corn gluten 34 Beer shot (dry) 45.5 Soybean meal 11.55 Synthetic Nitrogen Substances 6.8 Organic acids (citrate, succinate, fumarate) 2 Feed sulfur 0.15

The use of a complex feed supplement increased the growth rate of calves. For the first period of the experiment, the average daily gain in body weight was 1305 g in the control group, with the proposed version of the complex feed additive - 1453, which amounted to 111.34% compared to the control group. In the second period, when the growth intensity decreased in all bulls, the average daily gain in live weight was 1133 g in the control and 1174 g in the experimental group (103.62% of the control). Over the entire experience, the average daily gain in live weight of gobies with the proposed complex feed additive was 7.66% higher than in the control group (1224 ± 59 g in the control and 1318 ± 56 g with the proposed complex feed additive). At the end of the experiment, at the age of 15 months, the bulls were killed to identify the effect of the proposed complex feed additive on the morphological composition of carcasses and meat quality (Tables 3, 4).

In the group with the proposed complex feed additive, 14.5 kg more pulp in the carcass was obtained, or 8.71% more muscle mass in it and 8.25% more protein in muscle mass. In muscle tissue, 0.12% higher lipid content, which led to better taste.

The use of complex feed additives reduced the cost of feed and nutrients for the increase in live weight: concentrated feed by 7.7%, crude protein by 7.7%, feed units by 4.5%, metabolic energy by 4.2%, dry matter by 4.1% and organic matter by 4.2%.

Considering that on September 1, 2003, in the Kaluga Region, the average cost of the pulp of the carcass was 160-180 rubles. per kilogram and taking into account the cost of additional costs for the complex feed additive used by the bulls for the period of the experiment, an additional 11.2 rubles were received for each ruble spent.

Example 2. The test of the proposed complex feed additives carried out in the conditions of agricultural production "Homeland", Kaluga region. within 90 days on bull-calves of black-motley breed (milk direction of productivity) of 8-11 months of age, grown for meat. Six groups were formed. The number of goals in the group ranged from 5 to 20 goals. The animals were on the farm’s diet and received cereal hay, cereal silage and grains of their own grinding, consisting of 60% of barley, 30% of wheat and 10% of oats. Gobies of the control group in the feeders were asked chalk and salt. The bull calf complex feed additive was obtained with grain tart, replacing part of the grain tart with an equal weight introduced complex feed additive. In contrast to the complex feed additive proposed in example 1, the complex feed additive in example 2 contained minerals necessary for the normal functioning of the rumen microflora, to increase the growth rate, improve meat quality and reduce the consumption of concentrated feed for the increase in body weight of gobies in the form of mineral -Vitamin premix, as well as table salt and limestone flour (source of calcium). The premix included minerals and vitamins in the ratios proposed for industrial complexes for the intensive cultivation and fattening of young cattle (Manual on the technology of growing and fattening young cattle in an industrial complex for 9880 heads).

Thus, the composition of the feed additive included 312 g of components similar to the complex feed additive of example 1, and 85.2 g of a complex of mineral-vitamin substances. The characteristics of the experimental groups are presented in table 5. Feed additive of the following composition,%:

Corn gluten 28 Beer shot (dry) 38.9 Soybean meal 9.5 Synthetic Nitrogen Substances 5.8 Organic acids (citrate, succinate, fumarate) 1.7 Feed sulfur 1,1 Common salt 7 Limestone flour 7 Vitamin and Mineral Complex one

As can be seen from the table, the difference between the groups was in the different consumption of concentrated feed and complex feed additives. Part of the complex feed additive contained components similar to the complex feed additive according to example 1 (feed with a high content of protein not cleavable in the rumen, synthetic nitrogenous substances, organic acids and feed sulfur), and the mineral and vitamin part (Table 6).

As can be seen from the table, if only the part analogous to Example 1 is taken into account in the complex feed additive, the variants of its administration will be 260-312 g. When the complete composition of the complex feed additive is taken into account, its introduction varies from 330 to 400 g.

The use of the feed additive in example 2 increased the intensity of the growth of calves while reducing the cost of concentrates per kilogram of gain in live weight (payment of feed, table 7), the quality of carcasses and the amount of pulp in the carcass (table 8).

At the end of the tests, from the group of gobies that reached the highest live weight of the body by the time the complex feed additive test was completed in comparison with other gobies (the fourth option), 7 animals from the experimental and control groups were killed.

In gobies with the proposed complex feed additive, the carcass was heavier, its yield was higher, it contains 12.1 kg more meat and less bones, therefore, the meat ratio is 22.8% higher. In gobies, according to this option, the most valuable part of the carcass is the bark-sacral-lumbar half-carcass - 14.3% heavier.

The average live weight of animals for all options (per experiment) in the control group was 294 ± 8.8 kg, with the proposed complex feed additive - 311 ± 8.8 kg. Consequently, an additional 17 kg (P≤0.0001) of live body weight was obtained from each animal. With the delivery price of the meat-packing plant 30 rubles per 1 kg of live weight from each bull for 90 days, additional products worth 510 rubles were received. At the same time, a complex feed additive in the amount of 273 rubles was spent. Profit amounted to 237 rubles.

The data in examples 1 and 2 on the totality of indicators on the growth rate, the number of products received, the quality of meat, payment of feed and the resulting economic effect indicate the advantages of the proposed complex feed additives.

The studied indicators characterizing the productive qualities of gobies confirm the pronounced stimulating effect on the body of gobies of the proposed complex feed additive according to examples 1 and 2. Animals according to the proposed options using a complex feed additive or the same complex feed additive in conjunction with a mineral-vitamin complex (premix intended for intensive rearing of young cattle for meat in industrial complexes, salt and limestone flour (chalk), as used calcium source) had a significant advantage over the control group. Gobies that received the proposed complex feed additive in terms of growth rate, weight of the carcass and its output, the amount of pulp in the carcass, the protein and lipid content (determine the taste of meat) in muscle tissue, meat tenderness, meatiness index, as well as the cost of concentrated feed and nutrients per kilogram of body weight gain and economic effect exceeded the gobies of the control group.

Table 1 Stern Groups Control periods with proposed QCD options, per experience period one 2 one 2 Hay, kg 3 2,8 3 2,8 Silo, kg 9 12 9 12 Compound feed with sunflower meal, kg 4.2 4,5 - - Compound feed with complex feed additive, kg - - 4.2 4,5

table 2 The percentage of nutrients of a complex feed additive in the diet of gobies The content of QCD components in the diet Experience periods one 2 Crude proten QCD in crude protein diet,% 14.3 11,4 Organic acids in the dry matter of the diet,% 0.11 0.09 Sulfur in the dry matter of the diet,% 0,0008 0,0007 The amount of meal in the daily dose of feed was replaced by KKD, g 714 572

Table 3 Control Slaughter Results Indicators Groups % to control control with the proposed KKD Carcass weight, kg 209.5 ± 4.78 217.7 ± 8.7 103.9 Slaughter yield,% 52.9 ± 1.19 55.8 ± 1.37 105,4 The amount of pulp in the carcass, kg 162.0 ± 4.58 176.5 ± 1.70 109.0 The amount of pulp in the carcass,% 77.3 ± 0.70 81.0 ± 0.56 104.8 ** The number of bones in the carcass, kg 47.6 ± 1.15 41.5 ± 1.51 87.2 * The number of bones in the carcass,% 22.7 ± 0.62 19,10,54 84.1 *** Pulp / bone ratio 3.40 ± 0.13 4.24 ± 0.15 125.3 *** Hereinafter: * - P≤0.05; ** - P≤0.01; *** - P≤0.005.

Table 4 Physico-chemical and qualitative indicators of meat and chemical composition of the muscles of 15-month-old gobies Indicators Groups Control with the proposed KKD pH 1.5 hours after slaughter 6.46 ± 0.05 6.4 ± 0.03 PH 24 hours after slaughter 5.54 ± 0.02 5.53 ± 0.03 Color intensity, units (extinctions 1000) 2474 ± 12 2792 ± 11 Tenderness of meat, cm ² / g 1160 ± 24 * 1256 ± 28 * Water retention ability,% 71.54 ± 4.8 * 89.60 ± 5.1 * Qualitative indicator of proteins (ratio of sarcoplasmic + fibrillar fractions of muscle proteins to stromal fraction), units 4.91 ± 0.18 5.50 ± 0.15 * The amount of muscle tissue, kg 155.26 ± 4.02 168.79 ± 5.80 The amount of protein in muscle tissue, kg 30.56 ± 1.11 33.08 ± 1.81 In the homogenate of an average sample of muscles: protein,% 18.98 ± 0.17 18.84 ± 0.09 total lipids,% 3.70 ± 0.10 3.82 ± 0.12

Table 5 Characterization of the experimental groups (example 2) Groups Options The number of goals in the group Age, month Differences in Feeding, Feeding Live weight at statement on experience, kg grain tart, kg grain tart + KKD, kg % SP KKD in SP diet one Control 5 8 2.5 - - 178 Proposed 5 8 - 2,5 14.66 179 2 Control 5 8 3.0 - - 191 Proposed 5 8 - 3.0 14.08 194 3 Control 10 8 2.75 - - 185 Proposed 10 8 - 2.75 14.24 187 four Control 10 12 3.0 - - 249 Proposed 10 12 - 3.0 13.65 246 5 Control fifteen 10 3.0 - - 230 Proposed fifteen 10 - 3.0 13.80 229 6 Control twenty 10 2.9 - - 217 Proposed twenty 10 - 2.9 13.95 217 Note: SP - crude protein

Table 6 The difference in the amount of the proposed complex feed additives for experiments Groups The number of KKD, g KKD components part of KKD similar KKD according to example 1, g mineral and vitamin part, g one 331 260 71 2, 4, 5 397 312 85 3 364 286 78 6 384 302 83

Table 7 Goby growth rate and feed payment Groups Options Live weight at the end of the test, kg Gross gain, kg The average daily gain, g Feed payment one Control 251 73 825 3.03 Proposed 271 92 1032 2.42 % to control 107.97 126.03 125.09 79.87 2 Control 275 84 948 3.17 Proposed 296 102 1144 2.62 % to control 107.64 121.43 120.68 82.65 3 Control 263 79 887 3.10 Proposed 294 97 1088 2,53 % to control 111.79 122.79 122.66 81.61 four Control 328 79 897 3.35 Proposed 339 93 1040 2.89 % to control 103.35 117.72 115.94 86.27 5 Control 309 81 914 3.28 Proposed 325 96 1111 2.70 % to control 105.18 118.52 121.55 82.32 6 Control 294 79 892 3.25 Proposed 311 95 1064 2.73 % to control 105.78 120.25 119.28 84.00

LITERATURE

1. Beermann D.H., Robinson T.F., Knaus W.F. and Fox D.G. Formulation of protein supplements to provide ideal amounts of absorbed amino acids in growing cattle. // Procedings 1997 Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1997. - P.172-180).

2. Kuznetsova E.I. Quantitative parameters of nitrogen metabolism of endogenous urea feed in sheep’s stomachs with different levels of protein in the rumen. Abstract of Cand. diss. Borovsk, 1997, 25 p.

3. Poghosyan D.G. Digestibility of a protein not digestible in the rumen of various feeds in the intestines of growing gobies. Abstract of Cand. dis. Borovsk, 1997, 25 p.

4. Tomme M.F., Modyanov A.V. Substitutes for feed protein. M., 1963, 351 p.

5. Galochkina V.P., Alfimtsev N.A., Ovcharenko E.V., Pakhmutov B.C., Kiselev A.F., Zhizhin L.E. "Method for growing turkey poults", RF patent N 1743521, 1991.

6. Galochkina V.P., Boryaev G.I., Kiselev A.F. "Method for growing chickens", RF patent N 2050793, 1994.

7. Yoshiko Watanabe "Feed for piglets, the method of their preparation and method of breeding piglets", US patent N 4362710, 1982

8. Matveev V.A., Galochkina V.P., Panasenko V.P., Burkova E.I. "Method for feeding young cattle", RF patent N 2044493, 1993.

9. Kung, J. R., Huber, J. D., Krummrey, L. Allison, and R. M. Cook. Influence of Adding Malic Fcid to Dairy Cattle Ration on Mile Production, rumen Volatile Acids, Digestibility and Nitrogen Utilization. // Dairy Sci / - 1982. 65. - C.1170-1174.

10. Sviridova S., Dmitriev I., Dzhulamanov B. Protein-mineral concentrates - a reserve for increasing beef production // Dairy and beef cattle breeding. 2002. N 5. - P.16-18.

11. Manual on the technology of growing and feeding young cattle in an industrial complex

Claims (2)

1. A feed additive for gobies grown for meat, containing components with protein that cannot be broken down in the rumen, characterized in that the component with protein that cannot be broken down in the rumen contains corn gluten, soybean meal, dry beer pellet, as well as synthetic nitrogenous substances, organic acids (lemon, fumar, amber, apple, etc.) or their salts, fodder sulfur. 2. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises table salt, limestone flour, mineral and vitamin premix.