RU2729746C1 - Complex fodder additive for farm animals and birds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodder production.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fodder production, in particular, to complex fodder additive for farm animals and poultry. Additive contains mineral substances in the form of natural zeolite and dolomite flour and auxiliary substances including extraction cake, protosubtilin, malic acid, succinic acid, betaine. All components are taken at specified ratio.EFFECT: invention usage allows to produce additive with high adsorption of mycotoxins in fodders.3 cl, 1 tbl, 3 ex

Description

Technology area

The invention relates to the composition of feed additives for animals and birds and can be used in agriculture, biotechnology and veterinary medicine.

State of the art

A known method of obtaining a complex feed additive for the adsorption of mycotoxins "Toksaut" and increasing the productivity of laying hens, which consists in the fact that the feed additive as the main component contains activated aluminosilicate (zeolite), and as additional components are used betaine, artichoke extract, pro and prebiotics. (Izmailovich I.B. "TOXOUT" REDUCES THE PATHOGENICITY OF MYCOTOXINS // Agrarian science for agriculture. - 2017. - P. 125-127.)

A known method of obtaining a complex feed additive for increasing productivity and metabolism in young pigs, which consists in the fact that the feed additive as the main component contains a mineral additive of a mixed clay-carbonate composition, consisting of dolomite and clay minerals (marl), and as additional components sunflower cake, meat and bone meal, feed lysine and table salt are used. The feed additive contains marl in an amount of 0.5-1.5% of the dry matter weight of the feed. (Podolnikov M.V. Productivity and metabolism in young pigs when used in the composition of marl diets: dis. - feed production, feeding of farm animals and feed technology / MV Podolnikov / Bryansk, 2011.-144s, 2011.)

There is a method of obtaining a complex mineral calcium feed additive for young poultry and laying hens, which consists in the fact that the feed additive as the main component contains limestone in an amount of 1.0-2.0% of the mass of the diet of young poultry and 5.0-7, 0% of the weight of the diet of laying hens. As additional components, sunflower meal (6.0 and 8.5%) and zeolite (1.2 and 6.2%) are used from the weight of the diet of young poultry and laying hens, respectively. (Zelenkova G. A., Pakhomova A. A. Efficiency of the use of mineral supplements in poultry farming // Veterinary pathology. - 2010. - No. 4. - P. 36.)

A known method of producing a feed mixture to increase weight gain in animals, including young cattle. The feed mixture as the main component contains grains, and as a feed additive it contains zeolite in the amount of 5.0-10.0 wt.%. Dolomite is used as a calcium feed additive (patent SU829085A1, 05/15/1981).

A known method of obtaining aromatic (feed) additives with an increased content of magnesium, potassium, iron and phosphorus for rational and preventive nutrition of both humans and animals, including a flavoring agent, natural complexes of biologically active micro- and macroelements and / or the composition of "Legrand" or fossils crystals of the ancient sea, as well as zeolite or dolomite in the amount of 7% to 93% of the dry weight of the prepared composition "Legrand", which was dissolved in water 3 g / l. In the context of the present description, the term dolomite refers to the carbonate salt of calcium and magnesium. As natural complexes of biologically active micro- and macroelements, plant extracts obtained by a different method than CO2-extraction, plants or their meal are used (RF patent No. 2396031, 10.08.2010).

A known method of producing animal feed from ligno- and cellulose-containing materials, which consists in using as additional components feed additives in the form of enzymes from the group of phytase, cellulase, lactase, lipase, pepsin, catalase, xylanase and pectinase. As ligno- and cellulose-containing materials can be used, and as additional components of feed (feed additives) can be used carboxylic acids selected from the group including succinic and other acids and their combinations. Ligno- and cellulose-containing material in some embodiments remains dry or has less than about five percent by weight of retained water measured at 2 ° C and at a relative humidity of fifty percent (RF patent No. 2632486, IPC A23K 10/00, 05.10.2017)

The closest analogue (prototype) is a feed additive for reducing the toxicity of feed, grain, meal and peat soils, including the main components of the enzyme preparations Protosubtilin and MEK-CX-3 in an amount of 30%, taken in equal proportions, and zeolites in an amount 70%, with the introduction of a feed additive in feed in an amount of 0.5-1.0% and peat soils in an amount

0.3-1% (RF patent No. 2278158, IPC C12N 1/20, A01N 63/00, 20.06.2006).

The use of this invention reduces the amount of fungi in feed and raw materials and helps to eliminate the formed toxins. The disadvantages of the known technical solution are the imbalance of the feed additive in relation to the content of mineral and organic substances and insufficient sorption capacity for the following mycotoxins: aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin, zearlenone, fumonisin. In addition, a significant drawback of the known technical solution is the lack of results of toxicological tests for total bacterial burden and strains of Salmonella, E. coli bacteria. The presence of this type of bacteria can lead to the toxic effect of a known feed additive.

Thus, the development of alternative compositions of feed additives is an urgent task.

The objective of the invention is to expand the range of feed additives for farm animals and birds, in particular, with high adsorption of mycotoxins in feed.

Disclosure

The technical result of the invention is to expand the range of feed additives for farm animals and birds, in particular, additives with high adsorption of mycotoxins in feed.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the complex feed additive contains minerals in the form of natural zeolite and dolomite flour and auxiliary substances, including meal, protosubtilin, malic acid, succinic acid, betaine with the following ratio of components, wt.%: Zeolite - 78.15 -80.245%; dolomite flour - 11.40-12.60%, meal - 4.75-5.25%, protosubtilin - 2.37-2.63%, malic acid - 0.95-1.05%, succinic acid - 0 ,nineteen-

0.21%, betaine - 0.095-0.105%.

A possible embodiment of the invention, according to which the moisture content of the feed additive is not more than 10%.

A possible embodiment, according to which the meal is at least one or more of the following: camelina meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, milk thistle meal, mustard meal, cotton meal, castor oil meal, hemp meal.

Description

The feed additive has a complex effect on the animal body due to the presence of mineral components (zeolite, dolomite flour) and has adsorbing properties against a wide range of mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin, zearlenone, fumosin), thereby preventing the penetration of toxins from feed into the blood and tissues of farm animals and birds, and also promotes the elimination of toxins, an increase in the productivity of animals, an increase in weight gain, milk yield and egg production, a decrease in the morbidity threshold and an easier adaptation period for animals. Sorption capacity of the feed additive: for aflatoxin B1 not less than 72.0%; for ochratoxin not less than 40.0%; for Zearlenon not less than 32.0%; by Fumosin not less than 32.0%.

The biological activity of zeolites is primarily based on their ion-exchange properties. The inclusion of zeolites in animal feed slows down its movement in the gastrointestinal tract, increasing the degree of digestibility of the feed. Through ion exchange and adsorption, zeolites bind metabolites (ammonia and mercaptans) in the intestines of animals and birds. It is known that zeolite-containing tuffs are capable of adsorbing carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and some nitrogenous compounds. Passing through the gastrointestinal tract, zeolite as a feed additive removes excess fluid, harmful gases, and endotoxins from the lumen of the tract.

Zeolites can be used as a detoxifier and a source of mineral elements such as copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, iron, molybdenum, silver, nickel, titanium, tungsten, etc. Thus, an increase in the assimilation of compound feed when using zeolites in the composition of feed additives associated with the introduction of mobile microelements, the absorption and removal of toxic digestive products and toxic substances that have entered the digestive tract with mixed feed.

Dolomite (limestone) flour is an active additive that ensures sufficient intake and assimilation of calcium carbonate by the body, and contributes to the formation of bone tissue in cattle, increasing the strength of the egg shell. With its regular use, an increase in the weight gain of animals, a decrease in the morbidity threshold and a facilitation of the adaptation period of animals have been observed.

Meal, when used in feeding, due to the high content of protein, fatty acids and trace elements, leads to an increase in animal productivity, increased weight gain, milk yield and egg production, an increase in the characteristics of agricultural products (eggs, milk, meat) - an improvement in taste, a decrease in cholesterol levels.

As the meal, according to the present invention, one or more (mixture of two or more) of the following can be used: camelina meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, milk thistle meal, mustard meal, cotton meal, castor oil meal, hemp meal.

The enzyme component (protosubtilin) improves digestibility and feed, reduces feed conversion. In addition, the use of enzyme components is possible when using high levels of seeds of leguminous crops to reduce the negative effect of the inhibitors contained therein.

Malic and succinic acids are intermediate metabolic products in the body. The use of organic acids in feed additives for farm animals and poultry contributes to a decrease in the pH of food feed, activation of the production of enzymes in the stomach, pancreas and intestines, prevention of the multiplication of E. coli and Salmonella and the formation of mycotoxins, providing an antifungal effect and normalization of intestinal microflora. Malic acid has a beneficial effect on the digestion process, stimulates intestinal motility, normalizes the acid-base balance in the body, actively participates in energy metabolism, and activates the production of enzymes in the stomach, pancreas and intestines. Succinic acid weakens the effect of toxic substances, bacterial toxins and mycotoxins on the body, activates a number of enzyme systems, improves the growth, development, productivity and safety of animals, and exhibits restorative and restorative properties.

Betaine has a pronounced positive effect on productivity in industrial pig and poultry farming. The effect of its use, which is to maintain a high level of productivity, is especially noticeable under conditions of heat stress and diseases. The advantages of using betaine in the diet of animals are associated with both the osmoprotective properties of the molecule and its ability to be a donor of methyl groups. Betaine helps to maintain the water balance in the cells and tissues of the body without adversely affecting cell function. The osmoprotective properties of betaine not only reduce the loss of productivity of animals under heat stress, but also ensure their higher resistance to short-term temperature increases. This effect is probably due to an increase in the water-retention capacity of intestinal cells, which makes it possible to reduce energy expenditures for maintaining intestinal metabolism and improve its function.

Increases in poultry performance with betaine may be due to decreased gut energy requirements or increased gut integrity and, as a consequence, improved digestibility and nutrient absorption. When betaine was used in diets, the average daily gain improved or remained stable with a greater yield of muscle tissue, including lean meat, and with a decrease in moisture loss. The positive effect of betaine on the strength of the intestine has been experimentally confirmed, which prevents damage to it by coccidia, while improving the digestibility of nutrients, and increasing productivity.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by illustrative examples 1-3 of a specific implementation of the claimed complex feed additive.

Example 1. Raw materials and auxiliary materials of a complex feed additive (wt.%):

Zeolite 79.2 Dolomite flour 12.0 Meal 5.0 Protosubtilin GZx 2.5 Apple acid 1.0 succinic acid 0.2 Betaine 0.1

Example 2. Raw materials and auxiliary materials of a complex feed additive (wt.%):

Zeolite 80.1 Dolomite flour 11.4 Meal 4.8 Protosubtilin GZx 2.4 Apple acid 1.0 succinic acid 0.2 Betaine 0.1

Example 3. Raw materials and auxiliary materials of a complex feed additive (wt.%):

Zeolite 78.16 Dolomite flour 12.6 Meal 5.25 Protosubtilin GZx 2.63 Apple acid 1.05 succinic acid 0.21 Betaine 0.1

The technology for preparing a complex feed additive. First, the components of the complex feed additive are prepared or purchased (examples 1-3). The components of a complex feed additive must not contain GMOs and must comply with applicable standards, regulatory and technical documentation.

Zeolite (dry crushed tripolite) is a light yellow powder and is produced from natural zeolites in accordance with the basic requirements of TU 2164-06-35608560-2009. Content of montmoriollonite: not less than 20.0-30.0 mass. %. Mass fraction of heavy metals: no more than 0.0002 mass. % for lead and arsenic; not more than 0.0001 mass. % mercury. Zeolite grind size: no more than 1.2 mm in diameter. Humidity: no more than 4.0-6.0%.

Dolomite flour is produced in accordance with GOST 26826 Limestone flour for the production of compound feeds for farm animals and poultry and for feeding poultry. Specifications (with amendment No. 1) and GOST 14050 Limestone (dolomite) flour. Technical conditions. Dolomite flour contains at least 85.0 mass. % calcium and magnesium carbonates with a moisture content of not more than 1.5%.

Camelina meal is produced, for example, according to technical specifications TU 9146-005-93926960-2013 and it contains at least 12.0 wt. % fiber, not less than 30.0 wt. % crude protein with a dry matter mass fraction of at least 90 wt. %. Sunflower meal is produced, for example, according to GOST 11246-96 and TU 9146-007-00333693-97. Soybean meal, for example, according to GOST R 53799-2010

Rapeseed meal, for example, according to GOST 30257-95.

Castor oil meal, for example, according to GOST 17290-71.

Cotton meal, for example, according to GOST606-75

Hemp meal, for example, according to GOST 17256-71

Protosubtilin GZx is a light beige to light brown powder and is produced in accordance with the basic requirements of TU 9291-029-13684916-2010. Protosubtilin contains a complex of proteolytic enzymes of proteases (Bacillus subtilis producing strain) with an activity of 120 ± 12 U / g.

Malic acid is a white crystalline powder and is produced in accordance with the basic requirements of GOST 32748 Food additives. Malic acid E296. Technical conditions. Mass fraction of malic acid (C ₄ H ₆ O ₅ ): not less than 99.0 wt. %. Mass fraction of heavy metals: no more than 0.0005 mass. % lead, no more than 0.0002 mass. % arsenic; not more than 0.0001 mass. % mercury. The moisture content of dry malic acid powder should be no more than 3%.

Succinic acid is a white crystalline powder and is produced in accordance with the basic requirements of GOST 6341 Reagents. Amber acid. Specifications (with Amendments N 1, 2). Mass fraction of succinic acid (C ₄ H ₆ O ₄ ): not less than 99.5 wt. %. Mass fraction of heavy metals: no more than 0.0005 mass. % lead, no more than 0.0002 mass. % arsenic. The moisture content of dry powder of succinic acid should be no more than 3%.

Betaine hydrochloride (feed, 95%) is a white crystalline powder and is produced in accordance with the basic requirements of GOST R 51551 Protein-vitamin-mineral and amide-vitamin-mineral concentrates. Specifications (with Amendments N 1, 2). Mass fraction of betaine hydrochloride (CH ₃ ) ₃ N ⁺ CH ₂ COO-HCl): not less than 95.0 wt. %. Mass fraction of heavy metals: no more than 0.001 mass. % lead, no more than 0.0002 mass. % arsenic. The moisture content of dry betaine powder should be no more than 2%.

For preparation of feed with the addition of the claimed complex feed additive (examples 1-3) in an amount of 2.0 kg per 1 ton of compound feed for cattle and weaning pigs, 1.0-2.0 kg per 1 ton of compound feed for chickens -the laying hens use a mixer.

The main properties of the claimed complex feed additive, obtained as a result of the tests carried out, are presented in table 1.

Table 1 - The main properties of the feed additive according to the test results

Indicator name Normative characteristic Arbitration test method Appearance Powder Visually under natural light and room temperature in a white porcelain cup Colour Light gray to dark gray Smell No specific smell Organoleptic method Sorption capacity,% Aflatoxin B1 Not less than 72.0 MI No. 04.2013-04 "Methodology for measuring the mass fraction of aflatoxins in samples of cereals, legumes, oil crops for industrial and fodder purposes, feed raw materials and feeds with enzyme immunoassay using test kits" AGRA QUANT ". Ochratoxin Not less than 40.0 MI No. 08.2011-01 "Methods for measuring the mass fraction of ochratoxin in samples of cereals, legumes, oil crops for industrial and fodder purposes, feed raw materials and fodder with enzyme immunoassay using test kits" AGRA QUANT ". Zearlenon Not less than 32.0 MI No. 12.2012-03 "Methodology for measuring the mass fraction of zearlenone in samples of cereals, legumes, oil crops for industrial and fodder purposes, feed raw materials and feeds with enzyme immunoassay using test kits" AGRA QUANT ". Fumonisin Not less than 32.0 MI No. 05.2013-05 "Methodology for measuring the mass fraction of fumonisin in samples of cereals, legumes, oil crops for industrial and fodder purposes, feed raw materials and fodder with an enzyme immunoassay method using test kits" AGRA QUANT ". Humidity,% Not more than 10.0 GOST R 54951-2012 Animal feed. Determination of moisture content Heavy metals, mg / kg, no more: Lead 5.0 GOST 30692-2000 Feed, compound feed, compound feed raw materials. Atomic absorption method for determining the content of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium Arsenic 1.0 GOST R 51766-2001 Raw materials and food products. Atomic absorption method for the determination of arsenic Cadmium 0,4 GOST 30692-2000 Feed, compound feed, compound feed raw materials. Atomic absorption method for determining the content of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium Mercury 0.1 GOST R 54639-2011 Food products and animal feed. Determination of mercury by atomic absorption spectrometry based on the Zeeman effect Microorganism content: Total bacterial burden, CFU / g Not more than 5.0 × 10 ⁵ Rules for bacteriological research of feed, approved by GUV Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR 06/10/1975 Pathogenic microorganisms, Salmonella, CFU / 25 g Not allowed Rules for bacteriological research of feed, approved by GUV Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR 06/10/1975 E.coli, CFU / g Not allowed Rules for bacteriological research of feed. approved GUV Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR 06/10/1975 Radionuclides, Bq / g, no more Strontium-90 one hundred MVI №126 / 210- (01.00250-2008) -2011 Methodology for measuring the specific activity of natural radionuclides in samples of environmental objects and products of industrial enterprises using the gamma and beta radiation spectrometer MKGB-01 "RADEK" and the gamma spectrum MKSP-01 " RADEK ". Cerium-137 600

It has been established that the feed additive is non-toxic when applied to the mucous membranes of farm animals. Long-term feeding does not have a toxic effect and a negative effect on the physiological state of farm animals.

The feed additive is compatible with all feed ingredients, medicines and other feed additives. A feed additive in the amount of 2.0 kg per 1 ton of compound feed for cattle and weaning pigs, 1.0-2.0 kg per 1 ton of compound feed for laying hens is sufficient and necessary to obtain the declared technical result. A decrease in the declared quantitative composition of the feed additive does not allow obtaining the claimed technical result, and its increase will not allow ensuring a balanced diet, according to the feeding norms.

The claimed quantitative composition of the feed additive is selected experimentally and is the most optimal for achieving the claimed technical result.

Thus, the claimed complex feed additive has, in comparison with the prototype, higher detoxification and sorbent properties, which is achieved due to the synergistic action of all its components (including: zeolite, dolomite flour, meal, protosubtilin, malic acid, succinic acid and betaine).

Claims (3)

1. A complex feed additive for farm animals and poultry, characterized in that it contains minerals in the form of natural zeolite and dolomite flour and auxiliary substances, including meal, protosubtilin, malic acid, succinic acid, betaine, with the following quantitative ratio of the starting components, wt%: zeolite - 78.15-80.245; dolomite flour - 11.40-12.60, meal - 4.75-5.25, protosubtilin - 2.37-2.63, malic acid - 0.95-1.05, succinic acid - 0.19-0 , 21, betaine - 0.095-0.105. 2. The complex feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the moisture content of the feed additive is no more than 10%. 3. A complex feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the meal is at least one or more of the following: camelina meal, soy meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, milk thistle meal, mustard meal, cotton meal, castor oil meal, hemp meal.