RU2145479C1 - Premix for cows (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: animal husbandry, particularly, cows feeding. SUBSTANCE: premix is introduced in ration of dry and milking cows. Premix composition for dry cows includes succinic acid, folic acid, selenium, zinc, copper, cobalt, iodine, manganese, magnesium and vitamin D. For milking cows premix contains folic acid, selenium, zinc, copper, cobalt, iodine, manganese, magnesium and vitamin D. Hydrolytic yeast irradiated by lamp PRK-7 is used as vitamin D. Introduction of the proposed premix in cows ration ensures reduction of food expenditures for milk forming. EFFECT: increased milk productivity and cows reproduction function. 3 cl, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to animal husbandry, namely to feeding animals, and can be used to increase milk productivity, stimulate reproductive function, preservation of newborn young animals.

 Recently, premixes are used in recipes for all types of animals to normalize vitamin and mineral feeding. It was determined that microelements, as metal components, are part of many systems, activate or inhibit a number of vitamins, hormones, enzymes, and this ensures the physiological function and intensity of metabolic processes.

 Among the many factors that increase the productivity of animals, premixes developed by N.I. Denisov et al. Are of great importance (Methodological approaches to compiling recipes for premixes for farm animals and testing them on animals. - In the book "Comprehensive use of biologically active substances in animal feeding." Gorki , 1974., as well as the developed standards for the introduction of minerals into the diets of farm animals. VASKHNIL, 1985, In the book.

 However, in native feeds used for feeding cows, there is a deficiency of zinc, manganese, magnesium, copper, cobalt, iodine, selenium.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase milk productivity, reproductive function, preservation of young animals and reduce the cost of nutrients for the formation of milk by animals.

 This goal is achieved by introducing premixes into the diet of dry and lactating cows, which include succinic acid, folic acid, selenium, zinc, copper, cobalt, iodine, manganese, magnesium and vitamin D. Hydrolysis yeast irradiated during 2 - 2.3 hours with a PRK-7 lamp. 1 g of irradiated yeast contains vitamin D 1000-1200 M. E. In addition to the main diet, 1 animal is fed daily with 1 feed unit in the dry period, 0.45 mg of succinic acid, 2.6 mg of folic acid, 0.79 mg selenium, 6.5 mg of zinc, 3.24 mg of copper, 0.78 mg of cobalt, 0.52 mg of iodine, 5.35 mg of manganese, 6.11 mg of magnesium and 6.5 - 7.0 thousand M.E. . vitamin D, and during lactation they give, in addition to the main diet (mg / kg dry matter diet), folic acid 1.59 mg, selenium 0.79 mg, zinc 43.7 mg, copper 1.98 mg, cobalt 0.47 mg , iodine 0.52 mg, manganese 5.39 mg, magnesium 5.95 mg, vitamin D 7.0 - 8.0 thousand M.E.

 Zootechnical and environmental assessment of the premix was carried out on cows of black-motley breed. Feeding and keeping experimental and control animals in the dry period and lactation were the same. Experimental animals in the dry period in addition to the main diet per head daily with 1 feed. units received 0.45 mg of succinic acid, 2.6 mg of folic acid, 0.79 mg of selenium, 6.5 mg of zinc, 3.24 mg of copper, 0.78 mg of cobalt, 0.52 mg of iodine, 5.35 mg of manganese , 6.11 mg of magnesium and 6.5 - 7.0 thousand M.E. vitamin D.

 For the experiment, cows were selected with a live weight of 500-550 kg, milk yield of 16-18 kg, fat content of 3.8 - 4%. In the dry period, the diet included timofeechnaya hay - 5 kg, 10 kg of semi-moistened feed mixture and 2.5 mg of compound feed. This feed contained 7.7 feed units and 800 g of digestible protein. The duration of the dry period in the control group was 69.6 ± 6.3 days, in the experimental group - 69.2 ± 5.3 days. The live weight of the offspring obtained from control animals was in the range of 33.9 ± 0.52 kg, experimental - 36.6 ± 1.14 kg. Up to 30 days of age, from calves born from cows receiving premix, not a single calf was ill with dyspepsia, 2 were ill in the control group; 1 calf fell at the age of 12 days. The duration of the service period for cows in the control group was 78 ± 11.1 days, in the experimental group - 64.9 ± 7.3 days. One insemination in animals of the control group made 1.9 inseminations, in the experimental - 1.2. Endometritis in the control group of cows was ill 6, in experimental 1 and milder form.

 The duration of lactation is 102 days. The average daily ration of the experimental and control animals consisted of 5.5 kg of timofeey hay, 20 kg of corn silage, 5 kg of root crops, 12 kg of barda and 0.8 kg of grinding (soy beans + oats) and 4.8 kg of compound feed. This feed set contains 12.6 feed units and 1415 g of digestible protein. Premix experimental animals were fed in the amount of 26 g per head per day. Experienced cows in addition to the main diet daily with 1 feed. units received: folic acid - 1.59 mg, selenium 0.79 mg, zinc 43.7 mg, copper 1.98 mg, cobalt 0.47 mg, iodine 0.52 mg, manganese 5.39 mg, magnesium 5.95 mg, vitamin D 7.0 - 8.0 thousand M.E.

 Milk productivity and chemical composition of milk of experimental animals are presented in the table.

 Milk yield of both natural and 4% fat was higher in animals that additionally received trace elements with the diet, by 1.28 - 1.3 kg, or 10.9%. Based on the fact that the diets for the set of feeds and their nutritional value were the same, the costs of feed units and protein for the formation of 1 kg of milk of 4% fat were higher in control animals. Experienced cows spent 0.79 feed units on the formation of 1 kg of milk of 4% fat. and 89 g of digestible protein; control - 0.86 feed unit and 97 g of digestible protein, i.e. more than experienced by 10.9 - 10.8%.

 The additional inclusion of premix in the diets of cows did not adversely affect the biochemical and hematological parameters of the blood of cows. All of them were within the physiological norm, the phosphorus-calcium ratio in the blood was normalized (1: 2), the content of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, protein and sugar increased.

 The inclusion of premix in the diets of cows helps reduce the cost of feed for the formation of milk. The overall economic effect of 9 cows that received the premix during 102 days of lactation, only due to the increase in milk and the decrease in feed in monetary terms amounted to 3539100 rubles. from one cow for 102 days of lactation, a profit of 393,233 rubles was made.

Claims (2)

1. Premix for cows, including mineral components and vitamins, characterized in that for cows in the dry period it contains succinic acid, folic acid, selenium, zinc, copper, cobalt, iodine, manganese, magnesium and vitamin D in the following ratio of components, mg / kg dry matter of the main diet:
Succinic acid - 0.45
Folic Acid - 2.6
Selenium - 0.79
Zinc - 6.5
Copper - 3.24
Cobalt - 0.78
Iodine - 0.52
Manganese - 5.35
Magnesium - 6.11
Vitamin D, thousand M.E. - 6.5 - 7.0
however, as vitamin D, the premix contains hydrolytic yeast irradiated for 2 - 2.3 hours with a PRK-7 lamp. 2. Premix for cows, including mineral components and vitamins, characterized in that for cows during lactation, it contains folic acid, selenium, zinc, copper, cobalt, iodine, manganese, magnesium and vitamin D as mineral components and vitamins in the following the ratio of components, mg / kg dry matter of the main diet:
Folic Acid - 1.59
Selenium - 0.79
Zinc - 43.7
Copper - 1.98
Cobalt - 0.47
Iodine - 0.52
Manganese - 5.39
Magnesium - 5.95
Vitamin D, thousand M.E. - 7.0 - 8.0
however, as vitamin D, the premix contains hydrolytic yeast irradiated for 2 - 2.3 hours with a PRK-7 lamp.

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