RU2289288C2 - Method for separating of cucurbitaceous fruit seeds from fruits, preferably pumpkin fruits, and apparatus for performing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, machines for harvesting and separating seeds from cucurbitaceous fruits.

SUBSTANCE: method involves forming fruits into windrows; directing fruits into cells of lifting drum by means of which they are lifted and thrown onto tray; directing fruits to zone where drums with catches are located; gripping fruits by means of drums equipped with catches and adapted for rotation in opposite directions and guiding into gaps therebetween for further cutting into halves; orienting fruits with their cut portion upward and fixing on conveyor for combing out of seeds, followed by throwing of seeds into hopper; directing fruit halves free of seeds to charging zones for charging into vehicles. Apparatus has windrow forming section, lifting drum equipped with cells, tilt tray, drums with catches, knife positioned on frame of upper drum and provided with toothed comb, and tilter with counterweight, feeding conveyor having belt equipped with pins, roller conveyor positioned at the level of lower drum at the side opposite to direction of advancement of fruits and at an angle to feeding conveyor, said roller conveyor being provided with elastoplastic plates, separating drum mounted above feeding conveyor and provided with flexible members adapted for combing out of seeds, and seed hopper positioned under feeding conveyor and provided with movable bottom. Hopper is communicating with conveyor for charging of fruit halves and fruit seeds into vehicles. Upper drum is positioned for movement in vertical plane in conjunction with knife and tilter. Knife is located for reciprocation longitudinally of drums. Tilter is positioned for movement along circle sector around immovable axis.

EFFECT: reduced intensity of labor for separating seeds from cucurbitaceous fruits and improved quality of resultant product.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural processes for the production of food products, in particular to methods for isolating seeds from the fruits of melons and devices for their implementation.

Known methods for isolating seeds from melons and germs. No. 772500, which provide the selection of seeds by grinding the fruit into small fractions, the separation of seeds from the pulp using a water shower and the separation of seeds through the gaps of the sieves. At the same time, each operation is performed by a separate device that is part of the overall technological sequence, forming stationary lines with a large amount of water, electricity and the use of a large number of vehicles to deliver melons to the processing site. In addition, the methods used do not exclude damage to the seeds.

Also known are devices for implementing the applied methods of A.C. No. 950296, 772500, which perform the technological process of isolating seeds directly in motion along the formed roll, but only watermelon fruits, in which, due to their own juice, the working process of separating seeds from pulp and pulp is possible without water.

By the totality of the common implemented features, the technological process and technical solution No. 950296 taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype:

- high energy intensity of the technological process of isolating seeds from the fruits of melons, including and from the fruits of pumpkins;

- the need to use large amounts of water and the use of vehicles for the delivery of gourds to the place of processing;

- The technology of seed extraction is laborious and does not exclude damage to products.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the complexity of the process and improve product quality.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the fruits formed in the roll are guided by means of a lifting drum and a tray to the location of the drums with hooks rotating to meet each other, where the fruits are caught and sent into the gap between them, while the fruits are cut into two halves that guide to the feed conveyor, the lower one immediately by means of the roller table, and the upper one after its turning with the cut surface upwards by means of the tipper, then the halves oriented with the cut part upwards are fixed on the feed a conveyor for combing seed followed by dropping them into the hopper, and purified from the seeds of fruit halves for direct loading into a vehicle. In this case, a device is used that has a swath section, a cellular-type lifting drum, a pitched tray for guiding the fruit onto drums with hooks located one above the other with a gap between them, a knife with a dental tooth fixed to the upper drum frame, a tipper with a counterweight and a feed conveyor, the tape of which is provided with spikes, while at the level of the lower drum from the side opposite to the movement of the fruit, and at an angle to the feed conveyor a ligang with elastic flexible plates, above the feed conveyor there is a drum-separator with flexible elements combing the seeds, and under the feed conveyor there is a seed hopper with a movable bottom communicated with the conveyor for loading halves and seeds of melons in vehicles, and the upper drum is installed with the ability to move in a vertical plane together with the knife and the tipper, the knife is mounted with the possibility of reciprocating motion in the longitudinal direction relative to drums, and the tipper is fixed with the ability to move around the circular sector around a fixed axis.

The combination of these characteristics distinguishes the proposed method for the selection of seeds from gourds and the device for its implementation from the prototype and determines the compliance of technological and technical solutions with the criterion of "Novelty".

The technical result of the invention is the reduction of energy intensity and process, improving product quality and expanding the scope of application of the method of seed separation and device for its implementation.

The use of a device for separating seeds from fruits of melons in the form of a mobile unit allows you to exclude from the technology the process of chopping the fruits into small fractions and reduce damage to the finished product.

In addition, the use of vehicles, water consumption and the number of technological operations are reduced from the technology. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the energy intensity of the process, improve product quality and allow the proposed device to find wide practical application in the field of food production.

Effect: the energy intensity of the technological process is reduced, product quality is improved, the scope is expanding.

Marked significant features that distinguish the proposed method and device from the prototype, are not found by the author in the known science and technology solutions. Thus, the proposed technological and technical solutions meet the criterion of "Significant differences".

Figure 1 schematically shows a device for the selection of seeds from the fruits of gourds.

Figure 2 is a view aa.

The device comprises a swath forming section 1 mounted on the front hitch of the power tool at an angle to the direction of movement, a cellular type lifting drum 2 driven by a reaction with the soil, a slope tray 3, drums 4 with hooks on their surface located one above the other with a given space between them . On the frame of the upper drum, a knife 5 with a dental device 6 and a tipper 7 with a counterweight are fixed 8. At the level of the lower drum, a roller table 9 with elastic flexible plates 10 is installed at an angle to the feed conveyor 11, the belt of which is provided with spikes 12. A drum-separator 13 is installed on the feed conveyor with flexible elements 14. Under the feed conveyor is a seed hopper 15 with a movable bottom, in communication with the conveyor 16 for loading the halves into vehicles.

The device operates as follows.

During the movement of the aggregate, the fruits of melons located in the capture zone by section 1 of the swath former are shifted away from the passage, forming a roll of fruits. Getting into the mesh mesh of the lifting drum 2, the fruits are lifted and dumped onto the tray 3, through which they roll into the area of the drums. The drums, rotating to meet each other due to the presence of hooks on their surface, capture the fruits and direct them into the space between them. At the same time, the upper drum rises up to a height corresponding to half the fruit, while setting the knife 5 and the tipper 7 at the level of the midline of the fruit. Then, when moving, the knife cuts the fetus into two halves, which are sent to the feed conveyor 11 - the lower one immediately by means of the roller table 9, and the upper front part in the direction of travel rests on the flat part of the tipper. The back side of the half after leaving the knife enters the roller table, and the front part at this time supports it, creating a tipping moment, then the second half takes the opposite position to the original on the roller table and, after the first one, enters the feed conveyor, is simultaneously oriented with elastic plates 10 in the longitudinal direction relative to the midline.

After the halves leave the knives, the upper drum is lowered, setting the knife and the tipper in the initial position relative to the next fruit. Upon receipt of the halves on the feed conveyor 11, the latter are bent on the spikes 12, occupying a stable position from an offset from the center line. In the process of translational movement of the halves, the flexible elements 14, cutting into the pulp of the fruits, comb out the seeds and dump them into the hopper 15, and the halves of the fruits - onto the conveyor 16 for loading them into vehicles. Periodically, as the hopper is filled, the seeds, with the help of the hopper movement, enter the conveyor 16, and then into the vehicle body.

Claims (2)

1. A method of isolating seeds from fruits of melons, mainly from fruits of pumpkins, characterized in that the fruits formed in the roll are guided by means of a lifting drum and a tray to the location of the drums with hooks rotating towards each other, where the fruits are caught and sent to the gap between them , while the fruits are cut into two halves, which are sent to the feed conveyor - the bottom immediately by means of the roller table, and the top - after it is turned with the cut surface upwards by means of a tipper Then halves oriented cut part upwards, fixed to the supply conveyor for combing seed followed by dropping them into the hopper, and purified from the seeds of fruit halves for direct loading into vehicles. 2. A device for separating seeds from fruits of melons, mainly from fruits of pumpkins, characterized in that it has a swath section, a lifting drum of a cellular type, a pitched tray for guiding the fruits to the reels with hooks located one above the other with a gap and rotating towards each other a knife with a dental tooth mounted on the frame of the upper drum and a tipper with a counterweight and a feed conveyor, the belt of which is provided with spikes, while at the level of the lower drum from the side, to the proper movement of the fruit, and at an angle to the feed conveyor a live roll with elastic flexible plates is installed, above the feed conveyor there is a drum-separator with flexible elements combing the seeds, and under the feed conveyor there is a seed hopper with a movable bottom communicated with the conveyor for loading halves and seeds gourds in vehicles, and the upper drum is mounted with the ability to move in a vertical plane together with the knife and tipper, the knife is mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement movement in the longitudinal direction relative to the location of the drums, and the tipper is fixed with the ability to move around the circular sector around a fixed axis.

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