RU2288592C1 - Green feed preservation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feed production, in particular, preservation of plant green mass.

SUBSTANCE: method involves using preservative such as aqueous solution of natural bischofite at natural bischifite : water ratio of 1:4.5-6.0; introducing said preservative by spraying under pressure of 0.5-0.7 atm, with droplet sizes of 100-300 micron, in an amount of at least 35 l per 1 ton of green mass.

EFFECT: increased yield of biomass of green feed.

2 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in feed production for the conservation of green mass of plants.

A known method of preserving green feed, including the introduction of a natural bischofite as a preservative, which is applied at the rate of 2.77-5 liters per 1 ton of feed [1].

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the canning method, which provides higher preservation of nutrients and carotene.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of preserving green feed, comprising adding to the silage a preservative in the form of a natural bischofite according to the invention, an aqueous solution of natural bischofite in the ratio of natural bischofite: water 1: 4.5-6 is used as a preservative, and the preservative is added by spraying under a pressure of 0.5-0.7 atm with a droplet size of 100-300 microns in an amount of at least 35 liters per ton of green mass.

In the process of silage, protein hydrolysis occurs, which is accompanied not only by a change in the amino acid composition of the feed, but also by loss of amino acids.

In general, protein stability is due to the presence of a charge and a hydration shell on the surface of the protein. The charge of protein particles causes a double electric layer arising at the phase boundary. The hydration shell of the protein is multilayer. The first (monomolecular) layer of the shell is oriented motionless water molecules, it is most strongly bound to the protein, and the subsequent (diffuse) layer with lower binding energy. The water of the first layer is bound water. The water of the second layer is free water, its properties are significantly different from the properties of bound water, primarily because it is accessible to microorganisms (due to its very high density, bound water is inaccessible to microorganisms). Therefore, to suppress the development of microflora, the "activity" of free water should be lowered to a level at which their vital activity ceases.

In fact, in chemical preservation, a decrease in the "activity" of water occurs by lowering the pH of the medium to 3.8-4.2 by adding preservatives.

The process of preserving green feed according to the prototype can be considered as a bimolecular reaction that occurs only at the time of the collision of reacting chemically saturated molecules, the atoms of which are bound by electronic orbits. To break the existing stationary orbits, it is necessary to overcome a certain activation barrier, i.e. spend extra energy. In this case, the double electric layer of the charge of protein particles is rearranged, its thickness decreases and the stability of the protein decreases.

In addition, with a slow decrease in pH, complete inactivation of oxidative enzymes that destroy carotene does not occur. In this case, the carotene of the silo, if it was preserved until the moment of removal from the storage, may not reach the animals completely, because To a large extent, it is destroyed under the influence of atmospheric oxygen during its extraction.

The canning process according to the proposed method can be considered as a monomolecular reaction, i.e. independent of collisions of molecules. This is due to the following. When a preservative is sprayed at a pressure of 0.5-0.7 atm with a droplet size of 100-300 μm in the molecules, the π-electrons are very mobile and various groups have an inducing effect on covalent bonds at any distance within the conjugated chain, i.e. a shift in the electron cloud is observed. In this regard, preservative molecules with weakened bonds are extremely labile and reactive. This circumstance creates favorable conditions for the stability of the protein, namely, it stabilizes the double electric layer on the surface of the protein and quickly reduces the “activity” of the bound water of the protein hydration shell to pH 4.0-4.2.

Moreover, a rapid decrease in the pH of the medium accelerates the inactivation of oxidative enzymes that destroy carotene. In this regard, its safety is increased.

Example 1. The crushed green mass of corn in the phase of milk-wax ripeness was laid on silo in concrete trenches without a preservative (control).

Example 2 (experience). The crushed green mass of corn in the phase of milk-wax ripeness was laid on a silo with the introduction of an aqueous solution of natural bischofite as a preservative using the following ratios of natural bischofite: water 1: 4.0; 1: 4.5; 1: 5.0; 1: 5.5; 1: 6.0.

The preservative was introduced by spraying at a pressure of 0.5-0.7 atm with a droplet size of 50, 100, 200, 300 and 350 microns.

Example 3. The crushed green mass of alfalfa, previously sagging, laid on a silo without a preservative (control).

Example 4. The ground green mass of alfalfa was laid on a silo with the introduction of an aqueous solution of natural bischofite as a preservative. Variants of the ratios of natural bischofite: water and droplet size are similar to example 2.

In all variants of the experiment, the amount of preservative was 35 liters per ton of green mass. The introduction of the preservative was carried out by the sprayer SUMO-24.

As a result of the studies, it was found that the optimal ratio of natural bischofite: water is in the range of 1: 4.5 for corn and 1: 6 for alfalfa.

Using the ratio of natural bischofite: water more than 1: 6.0 when preserving the green mass of corn and alfalfa reduces the safety of protein and carotene in the resulting silo.

Using the ratio of natural bischofite: water less than 1: 4.0 - practically does not affect the quality of the silo and therefore leads to an excessive consumption of natural bischofite, which is not economically feasible.

In this case, the optimal droplet size of the sprayed preservative is 100-300 microns. A droplet size of 50 μm results in loss of preservative with air mass. The droplet size of 350 μm leads to the draining of the preservative to the silage mass, which in both cases does not allow to obtain high-quality silo.

Table 1
Organoleptic characteristics and chemical composition of green corn silage Silo Quality Indicators Silo Bookmark Option no preservative (control) by the proposed method Color yellowish green, pleasant, pickled vegetables Smell Structure fully saved The content in absolutely dry matter,%: crude protein 4.88 5.90 crude fat 1,67 1,69 raw fiber 32.00 30.29 crude ash 6.96 7.34 sugar, g / kg 13.90 19.74 carotene, mg / kg 45.11 63.15 Sum of Organic Acids 2.60 2.62 Mass fraction of lactic acid in the total amount of lactic, acetic and butyric acids,% 76.63 79.44 Mass fraction of butyric acid in silo,% - - silage pH 4.3 4.2

table 2
Organoleptic characteristics and chemical composition of silage from the green mass of alfalfa Silo Quality Indicators Silo Bookmark Option no preservative (control) by the proposed method Color greenish, pleasant, fruity Smell Structure fully saved The content in absolutely dry matter,%: crude protein 16,20 19.72 raw fiber 27.4 25.72 crude ash 9.16 9.93 carotene, mg / kg 67.9 97.5 Sum of Organic Acids 1.49 1.92 Mass fraction of lactic acid in the total amount of lactic, acetic and butyric acids,% 52.00 64.23 Mass fraction of butyric acid in silo,% - - silage pH 4.4 . 4.2

As tables 1 and 2 show, the silo obtained by the proposed method has higher protein and carotene preservation rates.

Namely: in the silo from the green mass of corn, the protein content is 21% higher compared to the control (in the prototype - 16%);

the carotene content is higher by 40% compared with the control (in the prototype - by 35%);

in a silo from the green mass of alfalfa, the preservation of protein is 22% higher compared to the control (in the prototype - 17%);

the preservation of carotene is 43.6% higher compared to the control (in the prototype - 41.6%).

Improving the quality indicators of the silo allowed to increase the milk yield from 2514-2620 kg in the control to 3300-3570 kg in the experiment, respectively, when feeding lactating cows with corn and alfalfa silos obtained by the proposed method.

The source of information

1. RU 2195840, A 23 K 3/02, publ. 01/10/2003.

Claims (1)

A method of preserving green feed, including the introduction of a preservative in the form of natural bischofite into the silo mass, characterized in that an aqueous solution of natural bischofite is used as a preservative in the ratio of natural bischofite: water 1: 4.5-6.0, the preservative is applied by spraying under a pressure of 0.5-0.7 atm with a droplet size of 100-300 microns in an amount of not less than 35 liters per ton of green mass.