RU2280586C2 - Floating-up escape chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: submarine rescue equipment and life-saving appliances.

SUBSTANCE: proposed escape chamber may be used as decompression chamber. This chamber has pressure hull with upper and lower access hatches made in form of truncated cone for securing it on submarine hull. Escape chamber has seats for persons being rescued and life support facilities. Secured on the outside are fairing, buoyancy unit, fasteners, pushers and ballast. Escape chamber hull has horizontal hermetic bulkheads rated for high decompression chamber, thus forming adjacent hermetic chambers which may be brought into communication with hatches through air-lock trunk. Upper and center chambers are provided with decompression facilities. Lower access hatch is communicated with lower chamber where decompression control and monitoring station is located. Upper access hatch is communicated with upper chamber and is provided with coaming plate on pressure hull.

EFFECT: possibility of returning the submariners on surface and performing decompression.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rescue equipment of submarines and can be used as part of a submarine (PL) in distress to rescue its crew, as well as being part of an emergency rescue complex, including a PL carrier, rescue underwater vehicle (SPA) ) and a rescue pop-up camera (SWR) to save the crew of another emergency submarine lying on the ground.

Known removable decompression device (CDS) for the decompression procedure for submarines during emergency rescue operations of the complex "PL-carrier - SPA - CDS", which, if necessary, is installed instead of the standard SWR / RF pat. No. 2173282, IPC: B 63 G 8/41, registered 10.09.01 /, containing a robust cylindrical body with tiers of several annular pressure chambers located in it, with a central airlock connecting the upper entrance hatch mounted on the body in the upper coaming area, designed for docking with SPA, with an intermediate chamber of normal pressure. In the intermediate normal pressure chamber there is a control station for decompression modes, which is connected with the necessary communications with pressure chambers and through removable communications with the supporting systems of the carrier boat. In the lower part of the CDS case, a device for its mounting on the coaming site of the PL carrier designed for installation in the conditions of its daily operation of its standard rescue pop-up camera (SWR) is installed. In the pressure chambers, hatches are made for communication with the airlock, around which they are installed.

As noted earlier, the described design of the removable decompression device is installed, if necessary, on the launch boat in the recess of the wheelhouse fence to the place from which the standard rescue pop-up boating chamber (SWR) has been previously removed.

The known design has the following disadvantages:

considerable time is required for the dismantling of the SWR and the installation of an SDS instead of it using crane equipment, which affects the efficiency of emergency rescue operations;

with the established CDS, the personnel of the submarine carrier, if necessary, are deprived of the opportunity to use the SWR for their own salvation;

installed on a submarine carrier in the niche of the fencing enclosure, the CDS increases the hydrodynamic resistance of the submarine hull and negatively affects the speed characteristics, which are so necessary during the rescue operation.

A well-known rescue pop-up camera (EK Kondratenko. GN Pichugin. "Rescue from emergency submarines", an almanac "Typhoon", "Shipbuilding", St. Petersburg, 2002, pp. 40-42), which includes a durable case, having the shape of a truncated cone, tapering to the place of its fastening in the niche of the cabin of the submarine, with upper and lower access hatches. A fairing is installed on the strong KSV hull, covering the niche of the cabin of the submarine and reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of its hull, and buoyancy units. The SWR is attached to a special coaming pad of the robust submarine hull using a rack device, the pneumohydraulic drive of which is controlled from inside the SWR. For forced expulsion of the SWR from the enclosure of the submarine in the bottom of the SWR, pneumatic pushers are made. Inside the CWS there are seats for the rescued personnel, as well as all the necessary means of life support (means of regeneration and ventilation, lighting, clothing, appliances, a radio station, food, etc.)

In order to leave a submarine in distress, the following actions are required: open the cover of the lower access door of the SWR, carry out a quick transition of all personnel to the SWR with the simultaneous commissioning of its air regeneration system, place personnel in the SWR and close the covers of the access doors of the PL and SWR. Disconnect the SWR from the coaming pad of the submarine by turning the cremallero device, equalize the pressure in the coaming pad of the submarine with the outboard by supplying water to the coaming pad of the submarine, after which the SWR floats to the surface. If the CWS does not tear itself away from the coaming site under the influence of buoyancy forces, then pneumatic pushers are included that provide forcible pushing of the CWS from the deckhouse of the submarine. After floating to the surface of the water for ventilation, the provided retractable or folding ventilation pipes and fans with manual drive are put into operation in the CWS and, using a radio station, establish communication with surface ships or aircraft.

Known SWR is selected as the closest analogue.

The known design of the SWR has the following disadvantages.

The proposed CWS can only serve to deliver those rescued from a boat to the surface of the water and cannot be used to carry out the decompression, which is so necessary in cases where the personnel being rescued from an emergency submarine were exposed to high pressure. To carry out decompression, it is possible to replace the SWR with an CDS (see Pat. RF No. 2173282), but this will require considerable labor and time, as well as other disadvantages mentioned above.

The objective of the invention is to expand the functionality of the CWS by ensuring decompression in it, reducing labor costs, increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency rescue operations using the CWS as part of the submarine.

The problem is solved in that in the SWR, which contains a robust housing with upper and lower access hatches, made in the form of a truncated cone with the possibility of fixing it with a smaller base on the coaming platform of the submarine, inside of which there are places for the rescued and autonomous life support equipment, outside on the upper part of which fairing and buoyancy units are fixed, and on the lower part there is a device for attaching it to the coaming pad of the submarine, pushers with drives and ballast, according to the invention, inside the aforementioned strong housing of the SWR, between the upper and at least two horizontal airtight partitions designed for increased decompression pressure with the formation of coaxial adjacent airtight chambers are made with the lower entrance hatches, while a lock mine with hatches is made within the middle airtight chamber for accessing it with each said chamber, the upper and middle airtight chambers equipped with decompression tools, and the lower access hatch is in communication with the lower chamber, which houses the decompression mode control post permanently connected to the upper cameras and removable through communication - with the standard submarine systems providing decompression modes, wherein the radome is made detachable cover, an upper hatch directly communicates with the upper chamber, and configured coaming-ground around it on the solid body VSWR within the projection of the fairing cover.

In addition, the airlock is installed within the middle chamber along its central axis.

In addition, in the upper part of the SWR housing, an additional hatch is made, the central axis of which makes an angle with the central axis of the SWR housing, providing access to the navigation bridge of the submarine.

In addition, places for rescued submariners are located in each chamber, and in the lower chamber they are provided above the equipment (shields) of the control post.

In addition, the body of the SWR is made with the possibility of fixing the base on the coaming site of the submarine with the formation between them of an additional camera for installing and placing removable communications.

The proposed technical solution of the SWR, permanently located on the submarine, allows expanding its functional capabilities by giving it, in addition to the functions of the rescue pop-up camera, the functions of a decompression device (bar module) without the need to dismantle it and replace it with a decompression device, accompanied by time and labor costs when conducting rescue works as part of the rescue complex.

When operating the SWR located on the submarine as part of the emergency rescue complex, if necessary, decompressing the rescued delivered by the rescue underwater vehicle (SPA), the SWR ensures their reception, thanks to the implementation of a coaming platform for docking the SPA on its robust housing around the upper entrance hatch, and decompression in sealed upper adjacent chambers (pressure chambers), formed in a strong SWR housing by horizontal partitions designed for increased decompression pressure, and equipped with decompression through their preliminary connection of removable communications to the supporting submarine systems. Decompressed submariners. pass to the submarine through the airlock with hatches, the lower chamber of normal pressure with the lower entrance hatch and through an additional chamber.

In an emergency on a submarine, the KSV can ascend to the surface in order to save the crew of the submarine. To do this, check the detachment of removable communications providing decompression modes, include regeneration means, the personnel of the submarine are transferred through the lower entrance hatch to the CWS, place the submariners in place, close the cover of the lower entrance hatch, equalize the pressure in the coaming pad of the submarine with the outboard, disconnect the CWS from the submarine through the drives of the mounting device and pushers and carry out ascent.

The proposed CWS, equipped with autonomous life support equipment, made with a coaming pad installed within the projection of the cowl cover around the upper entrance hatch, with horizontal partitions designed for increased decompression pressure, forming adjacent coaxial pressurized chambers with means for decompression, with a lock mine with hatches communicating the cameras, and with a control station for decompression modes associated with cameras and through removable communications with standard submarine systems, about espechivayuschimi modes decompression, combines the functions of a rescue chamber pop, and a decompression device that allows not only to ascend SWR saves submariners submarines, but also to decompress saved submariners received and delivered SPA with other emergency submarines. Therefore, the claimed device in function and implementation can be described as a rescue pop-up camera - a bar module.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - General view of the SWR installed on the submarine;

figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the SWR with the location of places for divers, when the ascent of the SWR, as well as during the passage of decompression;

figure 3 shows the rescue complex as part of a submarine carrier - KSV-SPA.

The rescue pop-up camera (Fig. 1) contains a robust housing 1 made in the form of a truncated cone with a smaller base at the bottom, designed for the effect of external (outboard) water pressure, in which the upper entrance hatch 2 is made, providing access to the SWR, also designed for exposure outboard water pressure corresponding to the depth of immersion.

Inside the sturdy case 1 there are two horizontal airtight partitions (gratings) upper 3 and lower 4, designed for the effect of internal and external pressure equal to the maximum decompression or recompression pressure, forming the upper and middle sealed adjacent chambers (pressure chambers) 5 and 6, respectively, equipped with means for carrying out decompression modes (not shown in the drawings), and a chamber 7 located under the middle sealed chamber 6, designed for normal pressure with a control station located in it and control modes of decompression with shields of fittings, electrical equipment, communications and control (not shown in the drawings). On the Central axis of the housing 1 in the middle chamber 6 is a lock mine 8, bordering the upper chamber 5 and the lower chamber 7 of normal pressure. The middle chamber 6 has an annular shape. A hatch 9 is made in the upper part of the airlock 8, through which you can enter the airlock 8 from the upper chamber 5. The middle chamber 6 also has a hatch 10 for communication with the airlock 8. A hatch 11 is located in the lower part of the airlock 8, which ensures its sealing in the closed position and communication with the lower chamber 7 of the normal pressure in the open position (figure 1).

In chambers 5 and 6, along their perimeter and in the center, as well as in chamber 7 above the equipment (boards) of the control and monitoring station (not shown in the drawings) and in its center there are seats 12 (Fig. 2) for accommodating rescued submariners carrying out decompression modes, as well as during the ascent of the SWR. When conducting decompression modes, the places located in the center of the chamber 5 and in the chamber 7 of normal pressure above the equipment (boards) of the control and monitoring station are not occupied for the convenience of servicing the rescued. When performing the ascent mode, these places are occupied by submariners (figure 2).

In the solid bottom 13 of the housing of the SWR, a sealed lower entrance hatch 14 is designed for external external pressure of the water, providing sealing of the housing of the SWR in the closed position and communication with the compartments of the submarine 15 when it is open through the sealed additional chamber 16 (figure 1). An additional sealed chamber 16 is formed by the strong bottom 13 of the SWR and the coaming pad PL 15 when docking and securing the SWR on it. An additional chamber 16 provides for the placement of removable electrical and pipeline communications connecting the PL 15 systems necessary for carrying out decompression modes with SWR systems only during decompression modes.

The control and monitoring station located in the normal pressure chamber 7 is permanently connected to the chambers 5, 6 and 8 and through removable communications with the decompression systems providing PL 15 systems.

In the lower part of the housing 1, outside the strong bottom 13, there is installed a Kremi SWR attachment-recoil device 17 on the coaming platform PL 15 with a pneumatic-hydraulic reversal drive, and in the strongest bottom 13, pushers (not shown) with pneumatic actuators are installed to facilitate the separation of the SWR and provide her forced pushing. The drives of the cremalley device 17 and the pushers from inside the CWS are controlled.

In the upper part of the housing 1 of the SWR around the upper entrance hatch 2 there is a coaming platform 18 for landing of the SPA 19 (see figure 3). In the upper part of the hull there is an additional hatch 20, the central axis of which is located at an angle to the central axis of the housing 1 of the SWR, providing access from the upper chamber 5 to the navigation bridge of the submarine 15 (Fig.1, 2,) when it emerges.

A fairing 21 with a detachable cover 22 is installed on the strong housing 1 of the VSWR, covering the niche in the fencing of the cabin of the submarine 15, in which the VSWR is installed, and ensuring smooth flow around the housing of the submarine in the niche area (Fig. 1). The detachable cover 22 of the cowl 21 is located small coaming pad 18 to provide access to it.

On the solid housing 1 under the fairing 21 are fixed blocks of buoyancy 23, providing an increase in the positive buoyancy of the SWR (Figs. 1, 2).

Inside the CWS there are life support equipment, in particular, air regeneration, ventilation, lighting, a radio station, control devices, spare uniforms, etc., necessary for rescued submariners during the CWS ascent mode, the necessary pipelines with fittings for ventilation of the chambers 5 were laid, 6, and the lock mine 8 with compressed air under pressure from the PL 15 compressed air system, for returning air to the PL, for draining water from the upper coaming area 18 of the VSWR after landing SPA 19, cable routes for supplying electric ropitaniya, communication and exchange of information between premises and SWR PL 15, other communications necessary to carry out decompression modes, which is connected to the additional chamber 16, submarine 15 to communications through removable. elements (not shown in the drawings).

SWR can be used both independently for delivering the crew of the submarine to the water surface in an emergency, or as part of an emergency rescue complex consisting of a carrier submarine on which the SPA and SWR are installed, as a bar module for decompression of crew members in need any submarine in distress delivered by the SPA to the submarine carrier.

When using the SWR installed on the coaming site of the PL 15, for its intended purpose in the rescue pop-up camera mode, the removable communications of the systems providing decompression modes are not connected and do not connect the SWR to the PL 15. Before the ASW is surfaced, open the lower entrance hatch cover 14 and the personnel transfers from the submarine to the CWS, at the same time they put into operation an independent air regeneration system in the CWS, place submariners on the seats 12 in the chambers 5, 6, 7, the airlock 8 and close the cover of the lower entrance hatch 14.

The chambers contain air regeneration equipment necessary for the ascent of the SWR and for short-term decompression in the event that, before rescue of the crew in the damaged accident, a short-term increase in pressure was observed. Chambers 5, 6, airlock 8 and a normal pressure chamber 7 are interconnected by opening bulkhead fittings (not shown in the drawings) on the deck decks of the chambers and ajar hatches 9, 10, 11 of the airlock 8 to create a single air circulation inside the SWR driven by fans with manual drive (not shown in the drawings).

On command, the SWR is disconnected from the submarine, turning on the rotational drive of the rack device 17, the pressure in the coaming area of the PL 15 is aligned with the outboard by filling it with outboard water, and the SWR floats to the surface under the influence of buoyancy forces. If the CWS for any reason does not come off the coaming platform of the PL 15 under the influence of buoyancy forces, then, on command, pneumatic pushers are turned on.

After surfacing on the surface of the water, the cover 22 of the cowl 21 is opened, a short-time decompression mode is carried out by stepwise removing excess pressure into the atmosphere, if it was, actuate the ventilation means and establish communication.

SWR installed on the coaming site of PL 15 as part of the emergency rescue complex PL-carrier - SWR-SPA (see figure 3) for decompression modes is used as follows.

Before the exit of the PL 15 to the accident site, a SPA 19 is installed on its aft coaming platform (Fig. 3), where it is located during the transitions of the PL 15. In an additional chamber 16, systems are connected that provide decompression modes on the CWS to the PL 15 systems by removable communications located in the additional camera 16. Since removable communications are installed in the additional camera 16, this work for efficiency can be performed during the transition to the emergency submarine. SWR and PL 15 are equipped with air regeneration means, which provide, at the same time, a limited supply of compressed air for long decompression modes in each of the pressure chambers 5, 6 and the airlock 8 to maintain the necessary pressures, oxygen concentrations to carbon dioxide and other necessary property.

After the above work is completed, the PL-carrier-KSV-SPA complex is ready for rescue operations, including the reception of salvaged submariners with SPA 19 for decompression modes.

After submarine 15 arrives at the emergency submarine lying on the ground, SPA 19 is undocked from the submarine 15, it goes to the emergency submarine, joins it, receives a batch of rescued people and delivers them to the submarine 15. For this, the spa 19 sits on the coaming site 18 of the VSWR . After docking SPA 19 with coaming pad 18 in chambers 5, 6 and airlock 8 create a pressure equal to the pressure in SPA 19, after which the rescued pass from SPA 19 through the access hatch 2 to the upper chamber 5 and through the lock mine 8 to the lower chamber 6. Submariners undergoing decompression are placed on seats 12 provided in chambers 5, 6. Hatches 2, 9, 10, 11 are closed and decompression is carried out, the modes of which are controlled from a control station located in chamber 7 of normal pressure.

The stock of means of regeneration, water, nutrition, medicines is replenished periodically as necessary through the airlock 8.

After the decompression modes are completed, the corresponding hatches 9, 10, 11 and 14 and the divers who passed the decompression through the normal pressure chamber 7, additional chamber 16 and the coaming pad PL 15 enter its compartments by the signal from the control station. The next batch of rescued submariners undergoes decompression in chamber 5 in a similar manner.

The proposed CWS, which is part of the standard submarine carrier interacting with the SPA, is functionally an CWS baromodule, which, in addition to delivering salvaged submarine submarines to the surface, allows, if necessary, decompressing rescued submarines removed from the emergency submarine located on the ground and delivered using SPA on a PL carrier, increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency rescue operations.

Thus, the proposed SWR is a universal rescue tool for newly designed submarines and emergency rescue systems, such as the PL-carrier-SPA-KSV complex (developers: FSUE SPMBM Malakhit and military unit 20914), organized at the base again designed serial submarines, whose staff includes SWR.

Claims (5)

1. A rescue pop-up camera (SWR) for a submarine, comprising a sturdy hull with upper and lower entrance hatches, made in the form of a truncated cone with the possibility of fixing it with a smaller base on the coaming site of the submarine, inside of which there are places for the rescued and autonomous life support equipment, outside on which a fairing and buoyancy units are fixed in the upper part, and a fastening device, pushers with drives and ballast in the lower part, characterized in that inside its strong body between At least two horizontal airtight partitions designed for increased decompression pressure with the formation of coaxial adjacent airtight chambers are made with the hatch and lower entrance hatches, while a lock mine with hatches is made within the middle airtight chamber for communicating with each of the said chambers, upper and middle the sealed chambers are equipped with decompression means, and the lower entrance hatch is in communication with the lower chamber, in which the decompression mode control post is located, permanently connected with the upper cameras and through removable communications - with standard submarine systems providing decompression modes, with a detachable cover made in the fairing, the upper entrance hatch communicating directly with the upper camera, and around it on a durable case within the projection of the fairing cover, a coaming pad is made. 2. The rescue pop-up camera according to claim 1, characterized in that the lock mine is installed within the middle chamber along its central axis. 3. The rescue pop-up camera according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional hatch is made in the upper part of its hull, the central axis of which makes an angle with the central axis of the rescue pop-up camera body, providing access to the submarine's navigation bridge. 4. The rescue pop-up chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the places for the rescued are located in each chamber, and in the lower chamber additional places are provided above the control room equipment. 5. The rescue pop-up camera according to claim 1, characterized in that its body is configured to be fixed with a base on the coaming site of the submarine with the formation of an additional camera between them for installing and placing removable communications.

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