RU2280345C2 - Method for seed pretreatment preferably maize zea mays l hybrids - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular cultivation of maize and hybrids thereof.

SUBSTANCE: claimed method includes sees treatment with solution of natural mineral bischofite of formula MgCl₂.6H₂O. Before seed treatment with bischofite outer corneous seed layer is treated with 40-80 % solution of ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid of formula HOOCCH₂CH₂COOH for 30-45 min. Then maize seeds are held for 10-15 min in bischofite solution at 30-60°C under overpressure of 0.02-0.08 MPa to saturate with salts and microelements from bischofite brine.

EFFECT: increased productivity of maize hybrids.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of corn and its hybrids for grain and silage in a sharply arid and unstable climate with high ranges of temperature differences of soil and air.

A known method of presowing treatment of seeds of vegetable crops, including soaking them in an aqueous solution of a biologically active substance, in which, in order to increase germination, seed germination energy and yield, bischofite in a concentration of 0.01-0.50% is used as a biologically active substance, and soaking is carried out at a temperature of 25 ° C for 144 hours (patent SU No. 1800932 A3, M.cl. ⁵ A 01 C 1/00, A 01 N 61/00. Method for presowing treatment of seeds of vegetable crops / G.N. Lepilin , M.S. Gorovoy. Declared April 3, 1991; publ. March 7, 1993).

The described method of presowing treatment of seeds of vegetable crops has a common feature in the problem we are solving - the use of the bischofite mineral.

The disadvantages of this method, with regard to pre-sowing treatment of seeds of corn and its hybrids, are the low efficiency of using brine of the natural mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O, extracted in the fields of the Volgograd region, and excessively long periods (144-6 days) of seed preparation for sowing. The indicated period is unacceptable for maize hybrids in view of the death of the embryo.

The closest analogue to the claimed object is a method of pre-sowing treatment, including the treatment of seed with a solution of natural bischofite mineral, in which the treatment is carried out by moistening the seeds with a 10-12% bischofite solution at a flow rate of 20-25 liters per 1 ton of seeds in the field (Patent RU No. 2160521 C2, IPC ⁷ A 01 C 1/00. The method of pre-sowing seed treatment / T.A. Koroleva, MN Belitskaya. - Stated 02.16.1999; publ. 20.12.2000).

The disadvantages of the described method when processing seeds of corn and its hybrids include the low effectiveness of the brine of the natural mineral bischofite due to the low concentration (10-12%) of the solution. Bischofite mineral salts and trace elements do not penetrate the cornea of corn seeds.

The essence of the claimed invention.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to preserve the sowing qualities of corn and its hybrids when sowing in the early agrotechnical periods.

EFFECT: increased yield of maize hybrids.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of presowing treatment of seeds, mainly maize hybrids Zea mays L., comprising treating the seed with a solution of natural bischofite material, according to the invention, the upper corneous layer of corn seeds is treated with a 40-80% ethan-1 solution, 2-dicarboxylic acid of formula HOOCCH ₂ CH ₂ COOH for 30-45 minutes and then saturated with salts and trace elements from natural mineral brine bishofit formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O at a temperature of 30 ... 60 ° C under excess Pressure Niemi 0.02-0.08 MPa for 10-15 minutes.

When the horny layer of the seeds of corn hybrids is softened, salts and trace elements from the brine penetrate the endosperm of the seeds and provide them with these insecticidal properties.

The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that the seeds of maize hybrids are subjected to all technological operations defined by GOST 12037 81. The method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of mainly maize hybrids was tested on varieties Maria SV, Korn 280 SV, Valentin MB, Eric MB, respectively, ultra early, early, medium and late ripening. The method involves treating the seed with a solution of the natural mineral bischofite. The basis of the natural mineral bischofite is wt.%: MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O - 90-96; the rest of the impurities, including CaSO ₄ - 0.1 ÷ 0.7; NaCl - 0.1 ÷ 0.4; KCl · MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O - 0.1 ÷ 5.5; MgSO ₄ · H ₂ O - 0.1 ÷ 2.5; MgBr ₂ - 0.4 ÷ 0.95 and trace elements: B - 0.002 ÷ 0.08; Ca - 0.003 ÷ 0.005; Bi - 0.0005 ÷ 0.001; Mo - 0.0005 ÷ 0.0010; Fe - 0.003 ÷ 0.030; Al - 0.001 ÷ 0.020; Ti - 0.0005 ÷ 0.0010; Cu - 0.0001 ÷ 0.0030; Si - 0.02 ÷ 0.20; Ba - 0.0001 ÷ 0.0006; Sr - 0.001 ÷ 0.020; Rb - 0.0001 ÷ 0.0020; Cs - 0.0001 ÷ 0.0010; Li - 0.0001 ÷ 0.0003. Bischofite mineral is mined from the bowels of the Volgograd region by underground dissolution. A brine with a concentration of 420-430 g / l is pumped to the surface. Bischofite reserves are estimated in billions of tons.

The upper corneous layer of corn seeds is treated with a 40-80% solution of ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid of the formula HOOCHS ₂ CH ₂ COOH for 30-45 minutes. Ethane-1,2 dicarboxylic acid is a colorless crystal soluble in alcohol, ether and water. Melting point - 185 ° C. At a temperature of + 20 ° C, the density of the dicarboxylic acid is 1.563 g / cm ³ . A 40-80% solution is prepared from it. The seeds of corn hybrids are placed in a solution and incubated for 30-45 minutes at a plus temperature of +10 ... 30 ° C. A solution of ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid softens the stratum corneum of the endosperm and embryo. Then the seeds are transferred to a sealed container with bischofite brine. The surface of the seeds is saturated with salts and trace elements from the brine of the natural mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O. The solution in a sealed container is maintained at a temperature in the range of +30 ... 60 ° C. At this temperature, paraffin-containing materials tightly fit the surface of the seeds of maize hybrids, and salts and trace elements acquire mobility in the solution. Overpressure in a sealed container is maintained within the range of 0.02-0.08 MPa. This accelerates the saturation of the upper shell of the seed and its embryo with the components of MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O. Extracting seeds under pressure in a brine of bischofite mineral density 1.25-1.35 t / m ^{3 is} carried out for 10-15 minutes. The temperature, concentration and exposure time of seeds in bischofite brine helps to saturate the top layer of seeds with all elements in an accessible form. At the same time, seeds are coated with a layer of paraffin. Insecticide-containing substances are attached to each seed of the hybrid.

These measures will have a beneficial effect on the growth of seed sprouts sown in the early agrotechnical period.

To identify the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of maize hybrids, the hybrids were seeded with the norms (50 ... 85) · 10 ³ units / ha. The experiments were established by the method of split plots. The repetition of the experiment is fourfold. The accounting area of the plots is 400 m ² . The experiments took into account the recommendations of zonal technologies for cultivating corn for grain and silage in the conditions of southern Russia.

The results of phenological observations with various methods of influencing the seed and the germination of seeds of maize hybrids of varieties Maria SV, Korn 280 SV, Valentin MB, Eric MB at rates of 55 thousand pieces / ha are shown in Table 1-6. Sowing is carried out by a sowing unit consisting of a wheeled tractor and a SUPN-8 seeder. The seed placement depth is 0.08 m. The row spacing is 0.7 m. The seeder speed is 5.4 km / h. Soil temperature +15 ... 22 ° С in a layer of 0-10 cm. Sowing date 05.05.-08.05.2003. In the experiment, phenological observations, taking into account the growth of green mass by development phases, measurements of plant height, analysis of the grain yield structure were carried out. The plant standing density during the harvesting of hybrids Maria SV, Korn 280 SV, Valentin MB, Eric MB, respectively 75, 65, 55 and 50 thousand plants / ha. The cleaning of these hybrids was performed, respectively, 24.09, 02.10, 13.10. and 10/15/2003

Table 7 shows the height of the plants of corn hybrids for various options for pre-sowing seed treatment according to 2000-2003. Table 8 presents the data on the yield of maize hybrids Maria SV, Korn 280 SV, Valentine MB, Eric MB.

Thus, the data presented testify in favor of presowing treatment of seeds of maize hybrids with ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid and saturation with trace elements and salts from the brine of the natural mineral bischofite.

Table 1
The results of phenological observations of the germination of seeds of corn hybrids after presowing treatment with bischofite brine and a changing concentration of ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (sowing 05.05.2003, seedlings after 9 days) The concentration of a solution of ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, wt.% Hybrid Maria SV Korn 280 CB Valentine MB Eric MB thirty 8.2 9.3 10,4 9.0 40 9,4 10.7 11.5 10,2 fifty 10.7 11.5 12.8 11.7 60 11.1 10.3 11.6 12,4 70 10.8 9.2 10,4 10.5 80 6.2 5,6 6.9 7.3 Control (no processing) 7.9 8.7 8.6 7.6

table 2
Data of phenological observations of the germination of seeds of maize hybrids during complex treatment with a solution of ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid in early crops after 9 days The exposure time of the seeds in a solution of dicarboxylic acid, min Hybrid Maria SV Korn 280 CB Valentine MB Eric MB 10 10.0 9.1 6.7 7.1 twenty 11.7 10,4 7.3 9.7 thirty 12.6 11.5 8.6 8.3 35 14.5 12.6 11.8 11,4 40 13,4 13.3 11,4 12.0 45 12.8 13.8 12.5 10,2 fifty 11.3 13,4 11.3 11.3 55 10,2 13.0 10.8 10,4 60 8.0 10.9 9.7 8.6 Control (no processing) 9.7 8.6 8.5 7.9

Table 3
The results of phenological observations of plants of corn hybrids using a solution of ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid and bischofite brine at different temperature conditions (sowing 05.05.2003, seedlings on the 9th day) The temperature of the brine of the natural mineral bischofite, ° C Hybrid Maria SV Korn 280 CB Valentine MB Eric MB 10 17.4 10.1 13.0 11.0 twenty 12.3 12,4 15.0 12,2 thirty 13,2 13.6 11.3 11.8 40 14.8 14.3 12,4 13.7 fifty 8.6 15.0 8.6 11,4 60 9.5 8.7 6.9 10.8 70 7.1 4,5 5,4 3.2 80 4.3 3.2 3,1 2,3 90 3.4 2.1 1,2 1,5 one hundred 2,8 - - - Control (no processing) 10.3 11.2 8.3 9.6

Table 4
Phenological observations of maize hybrids plants subjected to ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid treatment and bischofite brine at overpressure before sowing to saturate seed shells with salts from solutions (seedlings after 9 days of sowing) Air pressure in the cavity of the sealed container, MPa Hybrid Maria SV Korn 280 CB Valentine MB Eric MB 0.01 5,0 7.3 7.8 8.3 0.02 7.2 9.7 8.9 10,2 0,03 10,4 10,2 6.7 9.8 0.04 1,6 10.1 7.3 8.5 0.05 12.5 11,4 8.2 9.1 0.06 11.2 11.5 9.5 10,4 0,07 10,4 12.6 7.7 12.8 0.08 9.8 11.8 6.8 11.0 Control (no processing) 8.7 9.7 10.1 12.0

Table 5
The results of phenological observations of the growth of plants of corn hybrids after seed treatment with bischofite brine and a solution of ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (sowing 05.05.2003, plants on the 9th day after sowing) The exposure time of seeds in bischofite brine, min. Hybrid Maria SV Korn 280 CB Valentine MB Eric MB 2 8.7 9.1 7.1 6.1 four 8.3 10,2 8.4 12.0 6 8.4 10.3 9.8 11.8 8 8.3 8.4 11.7 10.5 10 10.5 8.5 12.3 9,4 12 11.2 12.6 11,4 8.7 fourteen 13,4 11.3 10.7 10.3 16 11.3 10.6 8.6 11.2 eighteen 10.6 9.6 7.8 10.8 twenty 9.8 8.7 5.5 9.7 Control (no processing) 8.3 9.3 10.3 9.3

Table 6
The influence of methods of "wet" seed treatment of maize hybrids on the state of crops after 9 days The method of presowing seed treatment Hybrid Maria SV Korn 280 CB Valentine MB Eric MB Soaking in water at a temperature of 30 ° C for 1 hour 6.4 8.3 9.2 8.7 Soaking in bischofite brine with a density of 1.3 t / m ³ at a temperature of 30 ° C for 1 hour 8.7 9.2 10.0 8.8 Soaking in a solution of ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid at a temperature of 30 ° C for 1 hour 7.6 8.6 9.6 8.9 Presowing treatment of seeds of corn hybrids according to the claimed method 10,2 12.7 13,4 12.1 Control (no processing) 6.5 7.8 8.5 9.8

Table 7
The influence of presowing treatment of seeds of corn hybrids on the development of plants and the formation of ears (according to 2002) Hybrid Leaf surface area of one plant, m ² Plant height during flowering, m Harvest green mass in the phase of milk-wax ripeness, t / ha On crops with treated seeds The control On crops with treated seeds The control On crops with treated seeds The control Maria SV 0.42 0.37 2.44 2.08 39.54 26.84 Korn 280 CB 0.43 0.38 2,52 2.10 38.60 24.82 Valentine MB 0.46 0.36 2,58 2.06 40,20 26.28 Eric MB 0.44 0.38 2.61 2.05 29.36 25.37

Table 8
Grain harvest of maize hybrids depending on the method of pre-sowing seed treatment (according to field studies 2001-2003), t / ha Factor A: seed treatment method Factor B: hybrid variety - ripening period Years of observation 3 years average 2001 2002 2003 Control (without presowing treatment with acid solutions and bischofite solutions) Maria SV 6,975 5.43 3.82 5.41 Korn 280 CB 8,113 5.09 3.04 5.41 Valentine MB 8.36 4.46 2.42 4.08 Eric MB 7.16 5.50 2.13 4.93 Treatment of seeds of hybrids in accordance with the claimed method Maria SV 8.21 7.08 6.08 7.12 Korn 280 CB 8.26 6.97 6.31 7.18 Valentine MB 8.31 6.94 5.76 7.00 Eric MB 8.03 7.24 6.18 7.15 NDS ₀₅ for comparing particular differences, t / ha NDS ₀₅ by factor A, t / ha NDS ₀₅ by factor B, t / ha Experience error,% Maria SV 0.75 1.34 0.72 - Korn 280 CB 0.37 0.67 0.38 - Valentine MB 0.53 0.97 0.54 - Eric MB 2.6 5.2 3.8 -

Claims (1)

The method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds, mainly maize hybrids Zea mays L, comprising treating the seed with a solution of the natural mineral bischofite, characterized in that the upper corneous layer of corn seeds is treated with a 40-80% solution of ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid of the formula NOOOCH ₂ CH ₂ COOH for 30-45 min, and then it is saturated with salts and trace elements from the brine of the natural mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O at a temperature of + 30 ÷ 60 ° C under an overpressure of 0.02-0.08 MPa for 10 -15 minutes.