RU2278347C2 - Method for protection of personnel, armament and military equipment before forward edge of the battle area of the enemy and ammunition for its realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: protection of personnel, armament and military equipment overcoming (crossing) the open area or/and areas before the forward edge of the battle area of the enemy, in particular, designs providing concealment of personnel and movable objects before the forward edge of the enemy and breakage of ammunition guidance on the target.

SUBSTANCE: the method consists in smoke curtaining of the area of the enemy position, together with dustdipole curtaining. The ammunition sealed body accommodates the source solution, and its body and bottom are provided with openings for the outfit and components for provision of splashing of the source foaming solution with a subsequent condensation of foam.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of protection of personnel, armament and military equipment before the forward edge of the enemy by smoke curtaining reducing the efficiency or blocking the operation of the television reconnaissance facilities and ammunition guidance systems.

7 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of protection of personnel, weapons and military equipment, overcoming (forcing) open space and / or located in front of the front edge of the enemy, and more particularly to technical solutions that ensure the concealment of personnel and moving objects in front of the front edge of the enemy and the disruption of guidance of ammunition on target.

Known camouflage staining used to change color, object, mask or background for masking purposes [1].

Changing the color of the object can provide a decrease in visibility, distortion of the appearance, and in some cases, concealment of the object of camouflage from the optical reconnaissance of the enemy. In case of camouflage painting, for example, of a structure towering above the surface of the earth, or of a car located outside the shelter, it is possible to significantly reduce its visibility by reducing the color and brightness contrasts between the background and the surfaces of the object. Camouflage staining can solve another problem - to distort the appearance of the object, making it difficult to recognize. But this object, if it rises above the surface of the earth, cannot be hidden only by masking colors, since the different illumination of the surfaces of the object, as well as the presence of a falling shadow from it make it possible to identify the object, even if it is successfully painted and its visibility is reduced, and recognition is difficult. Such objects can be hidden only with the simultaneous use of other camouflage techniques [1]. Unfortunately, the use of modern technologies for painting weapons and military equipment with paints with special additives introduced into them [2] also does not ensure the secrecy of moving objects from optoelectronic and especially radar reconnaissance systems and ammunition guidance systems on target. Personnel camouflage coverings and capes (covers) masks [3] do not ensure the secrecy of personnel, weapons and military equipment in front of the enemy’s front edge, especially if they are in motion, for example, against the backdrop of a forced water obstacle.

A known method of protecting targets, selected as a prototype of the invention, in which in the region of the location of the objects of destruction (enemy weapons) is the setting of clouds of smoke by means of smoke shells of percussion [4]. The cloud of smoke when the projectile breaks has the following size perpendicular to the direction for: 76 mm of the projectile - 20 ... 25 m; 107 mm - 25 ... 30 m; 122 mm - 30 ... 40 m. Smoke projectile, selected as a prototype of the claimed ammunition, is similar in design to a chemical projectile and consists of a body, an ignition cup screwed into the head point, and a shock tube. An explosive charge of several pieces of picric acid or PETN and a pilot glass with a detonator are placed in the igniter. The casing is filled with smoke-generating substance through a hole in the cylindrical part of the casing, which is closed with a screw or pressed-in stopper [4].

As shown by the experimental data of the American military chemical school, the number of lesions when shooting with rifles at a distance of 270 m decreases by 4 ... 5 times with smoke of the target and 10 ... 15 times with smoke of the shooters themselves [4]. Thus, with the skillful and proper implementation of the known method of protecting targets by means of a smoke cloud, the effectiveness of the target detection and destruction system (personnel, weapons, and military equipment) that use visible and near infrared (λ <1.5 μm) length ranges for detection waves. However, when used by reconnaissance systems and guidance systems, infrared (Δλ = 3 ... 5 μm and Δλ = 8 ... 14 μm) and radar ranges of electromagnetic waves, the smoke curtains are transparent.

The objective of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of the protection of personnel, weapons and military equipment in front of the front edge of the enemy by placing a thermal curtain formed by the burning of materials delivered to the area of the enemy’s positions with artillery ammunition.

This task is achieved by the fact that in the method of protecting personnel, weapons and military equipment in front of the enemy’s front edge, in which smoke clouds are set in the area of the enemy’s location, according to the invention:

firstly, it uses the use of combustible materials to set up a thermal curtain that reduces the efficiency or blocks the operation of thermal imaging equipment of reconnaissance equipment and systems for guiding ammunition to a target;

secondly, as a combustible material, a foaming solution is used containing hydrocarbons, a foaming agent and liquefied gas in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

hydrocarbons 45 ... 90 foaming agent 5 ... 30 liquefied gas 5 ... 50

thirdly, surfactants of the type used are the foaming agent: alkyl sulphates of primary fatty alcohols; sulfoethaxylates of primary fatty alcohols, ethaxylated with different contents of ethylene oxide, fluorinated surfactants of various structures;

fourthly, gasoline, pentane, hexane or diesel fuel are used as hydrocarbons;

fifthly, propane is used as a liquefied gas;

sixth, half-wave vibrators and / or powders, in particular of carbon-fiber material or graphite, are additionally scattered in the area of the enemy’s location.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the ammunition for implementing the method of protecting personnel, weapons and military equipment in front of the front edge of the enemy, comprising a housing with a diaphragm embedded in its chamber and an expelling charge of smoke or smokeless powder with a flammable device, according to the invention:

firstly, the equipment is made in the form of a rapidly expanding foaming composition, and the casing is provided with two threaded holes, one of which is tapering in the middle and provided with a channel in the form of a spring-loaded ball placed on the inside of the bottom, while a movable screw plug is placed in the other hole, the cavity of the second hole at the location of the plug is in communication with the external environment;

secondly, the case or the bottom of the ammunition is equipped with holes;

thirdly, the bottom and / or diaphragm are equipped with seals.

It is the increase in the effectiveness of protecting personnel, weapons and military equipment in front of the enemy’s front line by placing a thermal curtain formed by burning materials delivered to the enemy’s position by artillery ammunition, which makes it possible to conclude that the invention is solved and that the claimed inventions are related a single inventive concept.

The inventive method of protecting personnel, weapons and military equipment in front of the front edge of the enemy differs from the prototype in that:

firstly, it uses the use of combustible materials to set up a thermal curtain that reduces the efficiency or blocks the operation of thermal imaging equipment of reconnaissance equipment and systems for guiding ammunition to a target;

secondly, as a combustible material, a foaming solution containing hydrocarbons, a foaming agent and liquefied gas in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

hydrocarbons 45 ... 90 foaming agent 5 ... 30 liquefied gas 5 ... 50

thirdly, surfactants of the type used are the foaming agent: alkyl sulphates of primary fatty alcohols; sulfoethaxylates of primary fatty alcohols, ethaxylated with different contents of ethylene oxide, fluorinated surfactants of various structures;

fourthly, gasoline, pentane, hexane or diesel fuel are used as hydrocarbons;

fifthly, propane is used as a liquefied gas;

sixth, half-wave vibrators and / or powders, in particular of carbon-fiber material or graphite, are additionally scattered in the area of the enemy’s location.

The inventive ammunition for implementing the method of combating an object equipped with a system for detecting and defeating attacking elements differs from the prototype in that:

firstly, the equipment is made in the form of a rapidly expanding foaming composition. The housing is equipped with two threaded holes; one of the holes is made tapering in the middle and is equipped with a channel in the form of a spring-loaded ball placed on the inside of the bottom; in another hole there is a movable screw plug; the cavity of the second hole at the location of the plug is in communication with the external environment;

secondly, the case is equipped with holes or the ammunition bottom is equipped with holes;

thirdly, the diaphragm or bottom is equipped with seals.

These differences allow us to conclude that the claimed technical solutions of the method and ammunition meet the criterion of "novelty."

Signs that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are not identified in other technical solutions when studying this and related areas of technology and, therefore, provide the claimed solutions with the criterion of "significant differences".

The essence of the claimed technical solutions is illustrated by drawings, which show:

figure 1 - ammunition;

figure 2 - placement of the nipple hole with a plug in the screw-in bottom of the munition.

The specification of drawings is presented.

Item Name

1 - ammunition

2 - ammunition body

3 - camera

4 - aperture

5 - kick charge

6 - flammable device

7 - fast-expanding foaming composition (source foaming solution)

8 - the bottom of the ammunition

9 - hole

10 - hole with plug

11 - channel

12 - ball

13 - spring

14 - narrowing of the hole 9

15 - stub

16 - hole cavity 10

17 - channel exhaust associated with the hole 10 and the external environment

18 - a sealant

19 - thread

20 - tube, cut along the generatrix into two or more parts

The inventive method of protecting personnel, weapons and military equipment in front of the enemy’s leading edge is implemented by means of an ammunition prototype at the experimental site using a thermal imager (Δλ = 3 ... 5, 8 ... 14 μm) and involving people, wheeled and tracked vehicles. In this case, the munition model was not destroyed, but was opened manually. After mechanical opening of the bottom of the munition model, a stream of rapidly expanding foaming solution was applied to the soil surface at a distance of 2 ... 2.5 m from the thermal imager installed at a height of 2 m from the soil surface and directed towards masking objects located in open space. The decrease in the efficiency of the thermal imager was evaluated by the results of the visibility of camouflage objects on the reconnaissance equipment monitor before the foam ignited and after it was ignited. During the experiment, the thermal imager sequentially dropped to ground level and rose to the indicated height.

An expert and instrumental assessment of the results of experimental studies showed that as a result of the installation of a thermal curtain, the efficiency of thermal imaging equipment of reconnaissance equipment and systems for guiding ammunition to a target decreases. At a high temperature of the thermal curtain formed by the combustion products, the thermal imaging device is ineffective. As the thermal imaging device approaches the burning source and when the line of sight directed through the curtain to the burning source approaches, the efficiency of the device decreases.

The stability of the foam claimed as a combustible material depends on environmental conditions and the ratio of the components used in the foaming solution according to claim 2. At least the foam's stability is sufficient until it is completely burned. The combustion time of the foam depends on its volume and the size of the free surface (combustion surface). Foam ignites well and burns without residue on any surface, including the surface of the water. The combustion process does not stop with wind and drizzling rain. The foam layer ~ up to 2 ... 3 cm adheres well and is retained during combustion on vertical and inclined surfaces.

Thus, experimental studies and expert evaluation of their results showed that the implementation of the method of protecting personnel, weapons and military equipment in front of the enemy’s front edge and ammunition by placing a thermal curtain in the area of the enemy’s location will reduce the efficiency or block the operation of thermal imaging equipment, and the combined use of a smoke curtain and a curtain of half-wave vibrators and / or graphite powders will reduce the effectiveness of intelligence and guidance systems ammunition at the target in the visible, infrared and radar wavelength ranges.

Ammunition 1 for the protection of personnel, weapons and military equipment, comprising a housing 2 with a diaphragm 4 embedded in its chamber 3 and an expelling charge 5 of smoke or smokeless powder with an ignition device 6, equipped with a rapidly expanding foaming compound (initial foaming solution) 7. Case 2 or the helical bottom 8 of the munition 1 is provided with two threaded holes 9 and 10. The hole 9 is made tapering in the middle and, in particular, is provided with a channel 11 with a ball 12 with a spring 13 (see figure 2). Moreover, the ball 12 is placed on the inner side of the bottom 8 relative to the narrowing 14. In the other hole 10 there is a plug 15. In this case, the cavity 16 of the second hole 10 at the location of the plug 15 is in communication with the external medium by the channel 17.

The diaphragm 4 and the bottom 8 can be equipped with a sealed seal 18, and the channel 11 with a thread 19.

Ammunition 1 can be made in the form of a shell (see figure 1) or in the form of a grenade, or in the form of a mine, or under-barrel shot or shot of a grenade launcher, or rocket, etc. (not shown).

The inventive method is as follows.

Example 1. Ammunition 1 is fired from a standard artillery system or is thrown by hand at the enemy’s location, assuming the placement of combustible material - foam, honey, reconnaissance and / or ammunition guidance system on the target.

The operation of ammunition 1 is carried out by means of a remote or contact tube of an ignition device 6, in particular a projectile (remote and contact tubes are not considered in this application, see, for example, [4]). The blast charge 5 is ignited and under the pressure of the gases formed on the diaphragm 4 and the bottom 8, in particular by means of the tube 20, the initial foaming solution 7 is splashed outside the housing 2 (see figure 1). Under the action of the expanding gases, a foam forms, which, falling to the surface, ignites due to the free gas and the residual action of the combustion products of the ignition device 6. The products of the foam combustion form a thermal curtain that reduces the efficiency or blocks thermal imaging means of reconnaissance and ammunition guidance systems on the target.

At the same time as the ammunition 1, forming a thermal curtain, ammunition can be fired, forming a smoke and a dust curtain.

The frequency of firing (throwing) of ammunition is determined by the validity period of the corresponding curtain formed as a result of the previous ammunition.

To create long curtains, several ammunition is used, creating from the chain of focal curtains an extended curtain that corresponds to the design of masking.

Example 2. Combustible material, for example, napalm is distributed in front of the enemy by means of a throwing device or flamethrower.

Ammunition 1 is refueled as follows.

The nozzle of the filling device (not considered in this application) is connected to the channel 11 by means of a thread 19 (see FIG. 2). The plug 15 is moved by rotating it through a threaded pair in the hole 10 until the channel 17 is released. The solution 7 is supplied into the chamber 3 of the munition 1 (see Fig. 1). After the air is displaced from the chamber 3 at the initial moment of ejection of the foam from the channel 17, the plug 16 is displaced by rotation, blocking the channel 17. Refueling continues until the overpressure of the ammunition 1 corresponds to the technical specification.

The nozzle of the refueling device (not shown) is disconnected. Channel 11 is blocked. It is possible to design additional plugs (not shown) screwed into the channels 10 and 17 by means of a thread 19.

The use of the proposed technical solution will increase the effectiveness of the protection of personnel, weapons and military equipment in front of the front edge of the enemy and ammunition for its implementation by placing a thermal curtain that reduces the efficiency or blocks the operation of thermal imaging reconnaissance systems and ammunition guidance systems on the target. The thermal curtain can be used simultaneously with a dust-field curtain, which will provide masking in the visible, infrared and radar wavelength ranges. The advantage of the method lies in the fact that the claimed ammunition can be used for its implementation, as well as a chemical projectile armed with declared and other combustible materials that provide for the installation of a thermal curtain and, in addition, napalm and equipment for its distribution.

Information sources

1.K.F. Kiselev, E.Z. Yasin. Military camouflage. Part II Masking technique. - M .: VIA, 1957. - C.5.

2. S.A. Filin, L.A. Molokhina. Means of reducing visibility. - M: INITS of Rospatent, 2003. - C.11 ... 71.

3. Manual on military camouflage. Part II The technique of camouflage and camouflage of military objects. - M .: Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1956 - C.68 ... 71.

4. Tretyakov G.M. (Colonel Engineer). Ammunition of artillery. - M.: Military Publishing House of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1947 - S.202 ... 206, 196 and 197.

Claims (7)

1. A method of protecting personnel, weapons and military equipment in front of the enemy’s leading edge, in which smoke clouds are set in the enemy’s area, characterized in that by means of combustible materials they additionally set up a thermal curtain that reduces the efficiency or blocks the operation of thermal imaging equipment of reconnaissance equipment and ammunition guidance systems on target. 2. The protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a combustible material a foaming solution is used containing hydrocarbons, a foaming agent and liquefied gas in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Hydrocarbons 45-90, foaming agent 5-30, liquefied gas 5 -fifty. 3. The protection method according to claim 2, characterized in that as a foaming agent, surface-active substances such as primary fatty alcohol alkyl sulphates are used; primary fatty alcohol sulfoethaxylates ethaxylated with different ethylene oxide contents; fluorinated surfactants of various structures. 4. The protection method according to claim 2, characterized in that gasoline, pentane, hexane or diesel fuel are used as hydrocarbons. 5. The protection method according to claim 2, characterized in that propane is used as a liquefied gas. 6. The protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the area of the enemy’s location, half-wave vibrators and / or powders are additionally scattered, in particular from carbon-fiber material or graphite. 7. Ammunition containing a housing with a bottom in which the equipment is located, an expulsion charge from smoke or smokeless powder with an igniting device, characterized in that the equipment is made in the form of a rapidly expanding foaming composition, two threaded holes are made in the housing or bottom, one of which is made tapering and connected to the channel in which the spring ball is placed, and a movable screw plug is placed in the second hole, and the cavity of the second hole in the place of placement of the plug is communicated through auxiliary channel with the external environment.

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