RU2396747C1 - Method of wild animals scaring and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods and devices intended for more efficient and injure-safe scaring of animals away from local zones dangerous for life. Animals scaring occurs due to generation of sounds and discharge of smoke arcs. Smoke arc discharges create in the air space, between the discharge place and the animal, a smoke configuration imitating a huge moving animal displaying aggression towards the animal; to provide for that one serially launches at least two pairs of smoke rocket, synchronously in each pair and at an acute angle relative to each other of each rocket in each pair. The rockets divergence angle of the first pair exceeds that of the second pair; aiming at the animal during the rockets launch is oriented by the bisector of the rockets divergence angle with account for the elevation angle providing for completion of the rockets flight trajectory within the zone between the launch place and the animal. The second pair of rockets is launched prior to completion of first pair rockets flight or to dispersion of distinct smoke trail of the first pair; additionally one provides for the rockets flight speed being no more than 50 m/sec.

EFFECT: increase of device efficiency.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to ecology in the field of protection of wild animals, in particular to methods and devices for the formation of physical fields, intended primarily for non-traumatic repelling of wild large land mammals from local areas that are dangerous to their life.

At present, mankind has faced the acute problem of preserving the endangered wildlife. In solving this vast problem, a certain niche is occupied by the demand for non-traumatic methods and devices for scaring away wild large animals from expanding areas of human activity, including from places far from these areas, for example, from places of emergency landing of people from aircraft or from places of temporary residence geological expeditions.

In ancient times, people protected their homes from attack by predatory animals, throwing burning logs in them. This method of scaring away is not outdated in our time, it has only been improved by the use of firearms, from which tracer rockets or bullets (hereinafter - rockets) are launched towards animals. This modern pyrotechnic method of scaring away has not been patented by anyone, has long been used and has become well known. But it has significant drawbacks, namely low efficiency, and does not minimize the likelihood of serious injury to an animal when a fired rocket hits it. Low efficiency is as follows. A wild animal runs away from a nearby source of fire and smoke due to an unconditioned reflex, but it needs to be clear enough to record the location and movement of this source to decide on the direction of its run. When a rocket is fired at a target, the animal first of all hears a sound, is alert and sees aside the shooter the arising smoke spot, elongated upwards. Such is the frontal projection of the track of a rocket rapidly flying along the arc from the side of the animal. Due to the rapid movement of the rocket, the animal does not have time to decide on the direction of its run. It is most likely that the animal will trigger a clear response only at the moment the rocket falls to the ground, and it begins to run from a source of fire and smoke in any direction. For example, if a rocket fell to the ground behind an animal from a shooter or ricocheted there from the ground, it is possible that the animal will run even towards the shooter. Thus, the modern well-known pyrotechnic method of scaring away does not provide the desired direction for the shooter to run the scared animal.

Known inventions: “Repellent agent for birds”, RU 2051578 C1, 10/01/96, “Method for repelling birds”, RU 2140151 С1, 10.27.99 and “Method for repelling birds”, RU 2250611 С2, 04.27.05. In these inventions, it is proposed to launch powder bombs with bright torches towards the birds, while the bombs are equipped with devices that generate sound vibrations in flight from an incoming air stream or from a fire torch emanating from a nozzle. With regard to scaring away wild mammals, these methods have the same disadvantages that are noted in the well-known pyrotechnic method. In addition, they are extremely fire hazard when launching checkers with fire torches on ground targets.

An analogue of the proposed method and device is the "Method of non-traumatic repelling wild birds and a device for its implementation", Invention No. RU 2348152, C2, IPC A01M 29/00. 03/10/2009. Bull. Number 7. The essence of the method lies in the fact that the sound effect of shots from weapons is supplemented with at least two emissions of smoke screens in opposite directions from the sound source along the approximate border of the protected local zone, while providing a minimum time interval between emissions, and a place for shots with emissions smoke screens choose between the location of birds and the center of the local zone, or on the other side of the center. The essence of the device for implementing the method consists in the construction of a smoke rocket containing a blank cartridge with a bullet made in the form of a thin-walled metal cup loaded with smoke substance and fastened with a streamlined head that closes the cup cavity, and through holes are provided in the bottom of the cup, which are sealed from the outside with a sealing paper a circle, while on the cylinder of the glass an annular wad is installed to seal the landing clearance of the bullet in the cartridge case. When fired, the flame of the powder of the empty cartridge burns the paper circle and through the through holes in the bottom of the glass causes a smoke-forming substance reaction, and from the pressure of the gas of the burning powder, the bullet is pushed out of the empty cartridge and then flies like a rocket with a smoke plume.

With regard to scaring away large wild animals, this method seems to be insufficiently effective mainly because large animals are less timid than birds of feathers, and the directions of the emission of smoke arcs do not provide, even for scared animals, the most desirable orientation of their running relative to the place of emission of smoke curtains . In today's cramped world, actually living in the neighborhood of vast areas of human presence, wild mammals are forced to get used to and adapt to all the costs of human civilization: noise, light, smoke, etc. And, in fact, if they do not see a clear threat to their own person, even starving animals are increasingly passively reacting to these costs.

The proposed method significantly increases the efficiency of scaring away large wild animals from places of activity and temporary stay of a person. This is achieved by the fact that significant additions and changes have been made to the conditions of the analogue repelling method, namely: smoke arcs create a smoke configuration in the air space between the place of their launch and the animal that imitates a moving huge creature that shows an aggressive intention to the animal being scared away, for which they are launched alternately at least two pairs of smoke rockets, doublets in each pair and at an acute angle to each other of each rocket in each pair, with the angle of divergence of the rockets in the first pair exceeding the angle of expansion missiles in the second pair, and the sight of firing at the animal is oriented along the bisector of the angle of divergence of the missiles with the elevation angle, ensuring the completion of the missile flight path in the area between the rocket launch site and the animal; the second pair of rockets is launched until the completion of the flight of the rockets of the first pair or until the clear smoke trail from the rockets of the first pair is dispersed, and the flight speed of the rockets is provided up to 50 meters per second.

When the conditions of the proposed method are met, the repelling effect on the wild animal and forcing it to run in the desired direction is illustrated by an example. The clap at the moment of launching the first pair of missiles attracts the attention of the animal. Let's say the missiles dispersed at an angle of 30 degrees. The relatively low missile flight speed, commensurate with the speed of movement of some fast animals, suggests that the animal being scared away will clearly see huge arcs extending upwards and covering it on both sides. It is definitely clear that the animal does not have a desire to rush towards and examine them closer. The most likely reactions of the animal will be either an aggravation of alertness, or it will begin to recede away from the incomprehensible and something very large. Further possible doubts of the animal will be interrupted by the subsequent clap and the extension of the two arcs closer to its location and closer coverage on both sides. Suppose a second pair of missiles dispersed at an angle of 15 degrees. With great certainty, it can be argued that the scared animal will perceive what is happening as a convincing manifestation of the aggressive intentions of a huge creature, stretching its paws - arcs to it. It is unlikely that the animal can withstand such an impact without running. If there are no serious obstacles for the animal, it will tend to run away from the smoke arcs, while the approximate uniformity of the distance from the arcs is in the direction of the bisector of the angles of divergence of the missiles. To stimulate further running of the animal, if necessary, launch the following pairs of smoke rockets according to the conditions of the method.

The synchronization of rocket launch in each pair reduces the likelihood of throwing the animal to the sides. Sight in the direction of the bisector of the angle of divergence of the missiles reduces the risk of one of the missiles getting into the repelled animal.

A comparative analysis of the features of the claimed method with the signs of the prototypes and the analogue indicates the compliance of the claimed solutions to the criterion of novelty.

For the practical implementation of the proposed method of scaring away, you can use well-known hunting weapons with a shock mechanism for acting on the capsule of a blank cartridge with a smoke rocket, indicated in the analogue, and shoot two arrows at the same time from them. However, this will cause significant shortcomings, namely: the simultaneous shooting of two shooters from two shotguns with the same angle of divergence of missiles will require a lot of skill from the shooters and seems overly costly.

Based on the long-known engineering solutions in the field of multi-barrel weapon designs, one can see the possibility of creating a weapon with four barrels deployed at an angle to each other, and to ensure the launch of smoke missiles from it according to the conditions of the claimed scare method. Such special weapons and analogue rockets together could represent a device for implementing the method. However, such a special weapon is technologically very complicated and overly expensive to manufacture, since each barrel must be paired with the percussion mechanism of the initiating device under the blank cartridge capsule, and therefore these mechanisms also need to be positioned at an angle to each other and provide them with additional mechanisms providing synchronization of response in the respective pairs of trunks. Causes a complication and the process of reloading trunks, which seems uncomfortable.

In the history of the creation of firearms, many variants of the mechanisms for reloading barrels and initiating shots are known. However, structurally, a smoke rocket with an empty cartridge, adopted as an analogue, is intended only for reloading weapons from the breech side of the barrels under the shock mechanisms of initiating empty cartridge rounds. This limits the possibility of using the well-known simple and convenient reloading mechanisms, as, for example, for infantry mortars, from the open side of the barrel channel, and electrospark initiation of rocket launch, as, for example, in multiple launch rocket launchers.

Thus, the expediency of significant changes in the design of an empty cartridge with a missile, adopted as an analogue, was determined, which in turn provided the opportunity to justify the principle of building a multi-barrel weapon, simple to manufacture and convenient to operate with one shooter when all the conditions of the declared scare method were fulfilled.

In accordance with such expediency, in the design of the rocket, made by the national team in the form of a thin-walled body - a glass of metal, in the bottom of which there are symmetrically located openings that are covered on the outside with a paper circle, and the cavity of the glass is filled with smoke-generating substance and closed with a cap equipped with an annular wad and a blank cartridge significant changes and changes were made with the charge of gunpowder, namely: the blank cartridge is made in the form of a component of the rocket, for which, in the region of the bottom of the rocket body, a face protrusion on which a cardboard cup-shaped cap is rigidly mounted, and a cavity formed by an annular protrusion and a bottom of the cap is filled with gunpowder, while the outer diameter of the cap cylinder is made smaller than the outer diameter of the rocket body cylinder, and the ring wad is mounted on the cap cylinder, and in an axial blind hole is provided for the bottom thickness of the cap, from which radial grooves are made symmetrically around the circumference, while the depth of the grooves and the blind hole exceeds half the thickness of the bottom of the cap.

In turn, the design of the well-known multi-barreled weapon containing four barrels and an electric spark synchronous initiation device for launching two pairs of missiles in turn also made significant changes and additions, namely: the weapon barrels are deployed at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the weapon, located in a horizontal plane and mounted on additional platform, forming symmetrically the longitudinal axis of the weapon, a pair of internal trunks and a pair of external trunks, while in each pair the turning angles with the oxes are the same, and the angle between the axes of the outer trunks exceeds the angle between the axes of the inner trunks, a tube of heat-resistant, non-conducting material is inserted into the channel of each of them from the side of the initiating device, with a metal rod passed through it, while the height of the rod part, facing the barrel, less than the size of the annular protrusion of the rocket body in total with the bottom thickness of the cap by the amount of spark gap, and the tip of this part of the rod is pointed, and the outer part of the rod is made and under the movable interface with the socket of the switching elements of the electric spark initiating device.

The essence of the proposed changes and additions is illustrated by drawings.

In the drawing of Figure 1 is indicated: 1 - rocket body; 2 - annular protrusion; 3 - cap; 4 - gunpowder; 5 - blind hole; 6 - radial furrows; 7 - ring wad; 8 - smoke-generating substance.

In the drawing of Figure 2 is indicated: 9 - barrel; 10 - cork; 11 - a core; 12 - spark gap.

The drawing of Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the construction of the inventive weapons, combined with an electrical circuit, where it is indicated: 13 - platform; 14 - nest; 15 - switching elements; 16 - key; 17 - converter; 18 - current source; 19 - the longitudinal axis of the weapon.

The current source 18, the converter 17, the keys 16, the switching elements 15 represent a block diagram of a device for synchronous electric spark initiation of the alternate launch of two pairs of missiles. This diagram is shown for the convenience of explaining the operation of the claimed weapons with the claimed missile. Moreover, the platform 12 with four trunks 9 is a basic element for the design embodiment of weapons in the form of a gun or pistol.

Work with weapons as follows. The shooter introduces the rocket into the open bore of the barrel until it stops with cap 3 in the plug 10 (Figure 2). In this case, the pointed end of the rod 11 pierces the bottom of the blind hole 5 of the cap 3 and approaches the metal bottom of the rocket at a distance of the spark gap 12. The barrel is charged. The ring wad restrains from spontaneous rocket fall out of the barrel 7. The electric circuit according to the diagram of Fig. 3 is opened by the key 16 and spark gap 12. The shooter closes the key 16. The discharge current from the transducer 17 through the switching elements 15 and the socket 14 passes to the rod 11. From the pointed the end of the rod 11 through the spark gap 12 to the bottom of the body of the rocket 1 spark jumps. The spark ignites the powder 4. The flame of the powder through the through holes in the bottom of the rocket body causes a smoke-forming substance reaction 8. At the same time, the gases of the powder push the rocket out of the barrel and at the same time tear the bottom of the cap 3 into uniform sectors - from the torn rod 11 of the blind hole 5 along the radial grooves 6. Gunpowder gases reject these sectors to the surface of the bore, crushing the bend at the junction of the bottom of the cylinder of the cap. In this form, the open cap flies with the rocket. The trunk is empty. For periodic reading of the barrel, the fastening of the plug 10 is released and removed from the barrel. In the drawings, the mechanism of attachment of the tube is not shown, which is not important. In the drawing of FIG. 3, an electrical circuit diagram is shown for switching a pair of external barrels and a pair of internal weapon barrels, ensuring synchronism of the spark discharge in each pair, and, accordingly, synchronization of firing. The synchronism of launching missiles from paired trunks eliminates the drift of arms to the sides. The firing sight in a conventional vertical plane is directed along the longitudinal axis of the weapon 19, which coincides with the bisector of sharp angles formed by the axes of the paired trunks. In this case, the conventional vertical plane is formed by the displacement of the horizontal line of the sight by the angle of elevation of fire. Limited by the conditions of the method, the flight speed of the missiles is provided taking into account the mutual influence of the quantity and type of gunpowder, as well as the length of the barrel. For example, with a twelfth caliber of a rocket 12 cm long, 42 g in weight and a barrel length up to the inner end of the cork 12.5 cm, 0.5 g of gunpowder is enough to ensure the flight speed of the rocket at the exit from the barrel at about 50 m / s.

The claimed smoke rocket and weapons for launching such missiles together and inseparably represent the claimed device for implementing the method of scaring away wild animals.

The claimed device ensures the fulfillment of the conditions of the claimed method of scaring away animals, in particular: launching alternately two pairs of smoke rockets, synchronously in each pair; missile flights in each pair are directed at an acute angle to each other; the angle of divergence of the missiles in the first pair exceeds the angle of divergence of the missiles in the second pair; the sight is aimed at the bisector of the angles of divergence of the missiles.

The creation of existing samples of the claimed device does not cause complex technological issues and appears to be moderately costly.

A comparable analysis of the characteristics of the declared smoke rocket with the signs of rockets of the prototypes and the analogue indicates the conformity of the claimed solution to the novelty criterion.

A prototype of a weapon with four unfolded barrels mounted rigidly on the same platform with an aim on the bisector of the angles of rotation of the trunks was not found, probably because such a construction contradicts small arms designed to ensure that fired projectiles hit the chosen target.

The prototype of a cork made of a heat-resistant non-conductive material with a metal rod passed through it and movably mating one end of the rod with the socket of the switching element of the electric spark device is the spark plug of the internal combustion engine. Both devices in these elements are structurally similar, and their purpose is also similar - to pass the discharge current into a closed hot cavity. However, the plug with the rod performs additional essential functions, namely: closes the bore; is an emphasis on the tail of the rocket; the sharpened tip of the rod is designed to pierce the bottom of the cap. These functions, necessary to ensure the operability of the device, allow you to claim the novelty of the invention on the basis of the use of a known device for a new purpose.

In the claimed method and device characterized by a group of inventions, one of which is intended to implement the other, and so interconnected that they form a single inventive concept.

The claimed device in addition to the main purpose can be used to scare away birds, the formation of a smoke or aerosol barrier to crowding of migratory insects - pests, remote control the movement of herds of domestic and feral animals.

Claims (2)

1. A method of scaring away wild animals, including the formation of sounds and emissions of smoke arcs, characterized in that the emission of smoke arcs creates in the air space between the place of their emission and the animal a smoke configuration that mimics a moving huge creature that shows an aggressive intention towards the animal, which is triggered alternately at least two pairs of smoke rockets, synchronously in each pair and at an acute angle to each other of each rocket in each pair, while the angle of divergence of the missiles in the first pair exceeds the angle of divergence of the missiles in the second pair, and the sight on the animal when launching rockets is oriented along the bisector of the angles of divergence of the rockets, taking into account the elevation angle, which ensures the completion of the flight path of the rockets in the zone between the launch site and the animal, while the second pair of rockets is launched until the flight of the rockets of the first pair or before dispersing a clear smoke trail from the rockets of the first pair, in addition to this, the flight speed of the rockets is not more than 50 m / s. 2. The device for implementing the method according to claim 1, containing a weapon with four barrels, equipped with an electrospark synchronous initiation device for launching two pairs of missiles, each of which is made of a team in the form of a thin-walled body - a glass of light metal, in the bottom of which there are symmetrically located holes covered on the outside with a paper circle, and the glass cavity is filled with smoke-generating substance and closed with a head, an annular wad and a blank cartridge with gunpowder, characterized in that the blank cartridge made in the form of a component of the rocket, for which an annular protrusion is provided in the region of the bottom of the rocket body, on which a cardboard cap in the form of a cup is rigidly mounted, and the cavity formed by the annular protrusion and the bottom of the cap is filled with gunpowder, while the outer diameter of the cylinder of the cap is smaller than the outer the diameter of the cylinder of the rocket body, and an annular wad is installed on the cylinder of the cap, and an axial blind hole is provided in the thickness of the bottom of the cap, from which radial grooves are made symmetrically around the circumference, at the depth of the furrows and the blind hole exceeds half the thickness of the bottom of the cap, in turn, the gun barrels are deployed at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the weapon and are mounted motionless in a horizontal position on the additional platform, forming symmetrical pairs of internal trunks and external trunks relative to the longitudinal axis of the weapon, this, in each pair, the angles of rotation of the trunks are the same, and the angle between the axes of the outer trunks exceeds the angle between the axes of the inner trunks, and in the channel of each trunk with initiator device torons a plug of heat-resistant non-conductive material is inserted, with a metal rod passed through it, the height of the part facing the barrel is less than the height of the annular protrusion of the rocket body by the amount of the bottom of the cap by the size of the spark gap, and the tip of this part is pointed and the outer part of the rod is made for movable coupling with the socket of the switching element of the electric spark initiating device.

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