RU2277073C1 - Ceramic mass for production of bricks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering; production of ceramic articles, ceramic bricks in particular.

SUBSTANCE: ceramic mass contains clay and additives in form of bulked foam polystyrene powder (foam polystyrene), ash of thermal power plants, chamotte, wastes of overburden operations (coal rock) and additive in form of solid sediment of waste water (cake) at the following ratio of components, mass-%: clay, 49-57; foam polystyrene, 8-20; thermal power plant ash, 7-15; chamotte, 3-8; coal rock, 4-15; cake, 4-10.

EFFECT: reduction of volumetric mass and enhanced strength of articles.

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Description

The present invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to the production of ceramic products, such as building ceramic bricks.

Known ceramic mass for the manufacture of bricks, including clay, grinding waste asbofriction plastics, burnable additive, in the following ratio of components, weight. %: clay - 75-80%, grinding waste of asbofriction plastics - 10-15%, burnable additive - 5-10% (see patent No. 554247, IPC С 04 В 33/00, 1977).

Closest to the proposed is a ceramic mass for the manufacture of predominantly brick, including clay and flotation tails of beneficiation of fluorite ores, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: Clay - 60-70%; flotation tailings of fluorite ore beneficiation - 25-40% (see patent No. 637380, IPC С 04 В 33/00, 1976).

The disadvantages of the above ceramic mass is not high enough strength products and high bulk density.

The basis of the invention is the task of manufacturing high-strength, porous ceramic bricks, obtained on the basis of clay, thinning, burnable additives and characterized by high strength and low bulk density of the resulting product.

This object is achieved in that the known ceramic mass for the preparation of predominantly brick, including clay, contains additives in the form of expanded polystyrene powder (expanded polystyrene), TPP ash, fireclay, overburden waste from the coal mining industry (coal), as well as an additive in the form of solid sewage sludge water (KEK) in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Clay 49-57 Expanded polystyrene 8-20 Ash TPP 7-15 Fireclay 3-8 Coal breed 4-15 KEK 4-10

The introduction of additives in the form of expanded polystyrene foam powder (expanded polystyrene) can reduce the bulk density of the brick, thereby increasing its heat-shielding properties. The introduction of thermal power station ash, chamotte and overburden waste from the coal mining industry (coal breed) makes the brick less sensitive to drying and increases its strength. The introduction of additives in the form of solid sewage sludge (KEK) will increase the crack resistance, strength and external characteristics of the brick.

Clay was taken in an amount of not less than 49% to ensure the strength of the material, not more than 57%, to ensure the density of the material.

Expanded polystyrene was taken at least 8% to ensure a decrease in the bulk density of the material. The introduction of expanded polystyrene more than 20% will not provide a decrease in the bulk density of the material.

With the introduction of chamotte more than 8%, a decrease in crack resistance of the material is possible, and with the content of chamotte less than 3%, a decrease in the strength of the material.

Ash TPP not less than 7%, carbon not less than 4% and KEK not less than 4% to ensure strength, crack resistance and improve the external characteristics of the brick. When the ash content of TPPs, coal rocks is more than 15% and KEKa is more than 10%, the external characteristics may deteriorate and the strength of the brick may decrease.

The compositions of the proposed ceramic materials are presented in table 1.

Example 1

Samples were made as follows based on 1000 pieces of conventional brick.

The depleting and partially fading additives are chamotte in the amount of 75 kg (3%), overburden waste from the coal mining industry (coal) in the amount of 375 kg (15%), solid sewage sludge (KEK) in the amount of 250 kg (10%), ash TPP in the amount of 375 kg (15%) - is crushed before passing through a sieve with a diameter of 1.5 mm. The crushed additives in an amount of 1075 kg are added to expanded polystyrene powder (expanded polystyrene) in an amount of 200 kg (8%) and clay in an amount of 1225 kg (49%), mixed, and then the products are molded by plastic molding at a moisture content of 18-20%. The prepared samples are dried in ovens at 50-80 ° C, 12-50 hours. The resulting material is fired at a temperature of 1000-1050 ° C for 46 hours, at a rate of temperature rise of 200-250 degrees / hour. Endurance at a final temperature of 2 hours.

Example 2

We take the following composition, kg .:

Clay 1219 (53%) Expanded polystyrene 345 (15%) Ash TPP 253 (11%) Fireclay 115 (5%) Coal breed 184 (8%) KEK 184 (8%)

The production of samples is carried out according to the method described in example 1.

Example 3

We take the following composition, kg .:

Clay 1140 (57%) Expanded polystyrene 400 (20%) Ash TPP1 40 (7%) Fireclay 160 (8%) Coal breed 80 (4%) KEK 80 (4%)

The production of samples is carried out according to the method described in example 1.

The results obtained are illustrated by the data shown in table 1.

Table 1
The compositions of the proposed ceramic mass Components The content of components, wt.%, In the composition one 2 3 Clay 49% 53% 57% Fireclay 3% 5% 8% Ash TPP fifteen% eleven% 7% Coal breed fifteen% 8% four% KEK 10% 8% four% Expanded polystyrene 8% fifteen% twenty%

Table 2 presents the physicomechanical properties of products made from the proposed ceramic masses.

table 2
Physico-mechanical properties of the resulting products prepared from the proposed ceramic masses. Properties The composition of the ceramic mass one 2 3 Product Dimensions, mm 250 × 120 × 88 250 × 120 × 88 250 × 120 × 88 Weight kg 2,5 2,3 2.0 Density (bulk density), g / cm 0.9 0.87 0.75 Water absorption,% 8 8 8 Brand for frost resistance 75 one hundred 125 Strength grade one hundred 125 150 Thermal conductivity, W / m ° С 0.54 0.54 0.54 The specific effectiveness of radionuclides, Bq / kg 160,5 160,5 160,5

Experimental laboratory tests were carried out at the Rzhev Ceramic Plant of Rzhevkirpich CJSC in Rzhev. The following results were obtained: compressive strength - 15.5 MPa, density - 0.75 g / cm ³ , water absorption - 8%, frost resistance - 25 cycles, which corresponds to GOST 530-95. A thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.54 W / m ° C was obtained, which corresponds to the new SNiP 11-3-79 in terms of heat-shielding properties. In the production of this material there is a decrease in the cost of the product through the use of industrial waste.

Claims (1)

Ceramic mass for the manufacture of predominantly brick, including clay, characterized in that it contains expanded polystyrene powder (expanded polystyrene), ash from thermal power plants, chamotte, waste overburden operations of the coal industry (carbonaceous) and waste solid sludge (KEK) as additives as follows the ratio of components, wt.%: Clay 49-57 Expanded polystyrene 8-20 Ash TPP 7-15 Fireclay 3-8 Coal breed 4-15 KEK 4-10