RU2272800C1 - Method for producing of granulated organic-mineral fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, processes for manufacture of organic-mineral fertilizers.

SUBSTANCE: method involves dosing, grinding, mixing, granulating and drying components; mixing organic raw material constituting at least 40% by weight of ready fertilizer, mineral additives constituting at least 15% by weight of ready fertilizer; granulating organic-mineral mass by means of screw-type extruder and drying granules in apparatus where flowing layer is created and gases are supplied at temperature ranging between 200 C and 750 C. Organic raw material is peat or organic mud.

EFFECT: increased homogeneity of composition and stable sizes of granules of granulated fertilizer.

7 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of manufacturing granular organic mineral fertilizers.

Closest to the claimed method according to the technical nature and the achieved result is another known method for producing organic fertilizer, including mixing peat, urea, potassium salts in the presence of ammonium phosphates and product retura, granulating the mixture and drying the product in a coolant stream, characterized in that ammonium phosphates they are introduced at the stage of mixing the components and the process is carried out until a homogeneous mass is formed corresponding to the given fertilizer composition, and the granules are dried in a coolant initial temperature of 450 ° -750 ° C at an average heating medium 45-60 m / s for the velocity of 1.25-2.5 with a pipe-dryer apparatus. Patent RU No. 2140408, 1998.11.18.

This method of producing organic fertilizer is taken as a prototype.

The main disadvantages of the prototype include the fact that in this method the granulation of organic fertilizer is produced in a drum granulator, which does not provide the necessary strength of the granules, as a result of which a large amount of dusty product is formed after drying of the granules, which is sent to a second process of mixing and granulation, moreover, the drum granulator does not provide pellets of a stable size, has very significant dimensions and occupies a large production area.

The disadvantages also include the drying process of granules, which is carried out in the pipe-dryer apparatus at a high speed of the gaseous coolant, which leads to the use of an elevated temperature of 450 ° -750 ° C, since the height of the pipe-dryer is limited, the coolant speed is high and the granules are in the pipe- dryer in seconds. At a high coolant speed, a large amount of a dusty product is again formed due to mechanical collisions, and the high drying temperature of the granules negatively affects the quality of organic components (peat, sapropel) in the composition of organic fertilizer. The dimensions of the dryer pipe are also a drawback, since its height is 18 meters.

The objective of the invention is to obtain granules of organo-mineral fertilizers with high uniformity of composition, with high dimensional stability, reducing the drying temperature of granules from 300 ° to 350 ° C and, accordingly, improving the quality of the organic components of the finished product, reducing the size of the production line by area and reducing heights of the entire production complex.

The essence of the invention is a method for the manufacture of granular organo-mineral fertilizers, comprising dosing the components, grinding, mixing, granulating and drying, which is characterized in that they mix organic raw materials, comprising at least 40% by weight of the finished fertilizer, mineral additives, comprising at least 15 % by weight of the finished fertilizer, the organomineral mass is granulated with a screw extruder and the granules are dried in the apparatus of the flowing layer at a temperature of the supplied gases, which is in the range one from 200 ° to 750 ° C.

According to the drying technology, 300 ° -350 ° C is sufficient, but in the claimed method it is possible to use higher temperatures of the gaseous coolant. The claimed method is used for the production of environmentally friendly granular guminized organic mineral fertilizers (WMD).

The main production product is organic-mineral fertilizers based on peat and sapropel, that is, mineral additives are mixed with peat or sapropel. There are formulations in which the organic components of the fertilizer include both peat and sapropel. In the best case scenario, fertilizers contain 60-75% of organic matter. Organic raw materials are mixed with nitrogen-containing, with potassium-containing, with phosphorus-containing mineral additives, magnesium, in optimal proportions, macro- and microelements are added to the composition of organomineral fertilizers.

The drawing shows the production line of granular organic fertilizer: hopper 1 receiving peat, hopper 2 receiving magnesium sulfate, hopper 3 receiving carbamide, hopper 4 receiving potassium sulfate, hopper 5 receiving ammophos, elevator 6 for raising peat, elevator 7 for raising magnesium sulfate, elevator 8 for lifting carbamide, elevator 9 for raising potassium sulfate, elevator 10 for raising ammophos, feed hopper 11 peat, feed hopper 12 magnesium sulfate, feed hopper 13 urea, feed hopper 14 potassium sulfate, feed hopper 15 ammophos, automatic Peat dispenser 16 peat, automatic dispenser 17 magnesium sulphate, automatic dispenser 18 urea, automatic dispenser 19 potassium sulfate, automatic dispenser 20 ammophos, conveyor 21 screw, lock feeder 22, dust bin 23, cyclone 24, smoke exhauster 25, chimney 26, elevator 27 charge lifting, twin-shaft mixer 28, screw extruder 29 (granulator), screw conveyor 30, collector 31 for preparing liquid additives, pump 32, airlock feeder 33, drier 34, airlock feeder 35, fan 36, fridge 37 boiling refrigerator th layer elevator 38, the hopper 39 of the finished product, the sluice feeder 40, the conveyor belt 41, furnace 42, fuel injector 43, the fan 44.

The basic technological scheme of the manufacturing process of granular organic-mineral fertilizers is as follows. The crushed raw materials — peat, urea, magnesium sulfate, ammophos, and potassium sulfate — are fed to consumables 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and of these, by automatic dispensers 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 are fed to a screw conveyor 21 for feeding into twin-shaft mixer 28 with a heated jacket, to which measured quantities of a solution of trace elements (boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, manganese, etc.) are also supplied, if necessary, from collection 31 for the preparation of liquid additives. Obtained in a twin-shaft mixer 28, the wet mixture is continuously fed into a granulator - screw extruder 29. The use of a screw extruder 29 allows you to quickly change the size of the granules from 2 mm to 10 mm, depending on agrochemical requirements, and ensures dimensional stability of the fertilizer granules, which ensures uniform distribution of organ - Mineral fertilizers in the soil throughout the sown area of the field. The length of the production line when using a screw extruder 29 is significantly reduced, since the length of the screw extruder 29 is only 3 meters, in contrast to a drum granulator - 12-20 meters.

Wet, calibrated granules have sufficient strength to immediately enter the drying apparatus through a screw conveyor 30 into a flowing bed apparatus 34, without the use of a two-screen screen used to calibrate the granules. With this technology, there is also no need to crush substandard large granules and send them with substandard fine fraction as a retura to the feed hopper 11, followed by feeding again into a twin-shaft mixer 28. This reduces the need for equipment and significantly reduces the energy consumption of the processes.

When a gaseous coolant is supplied to the apparatus 34 of the flowing layer, granules flow out, which is an effective method of contacting the processed material with gases and allows granules to be more evenly dried at a lower temperature (300 ° -350 ° С) than in traditional methods with a pipe dryer leading to improved product quality. In addition, the height of the building of the technological complex is reduced from 18 meters (with a pipe dryer) to 7 meters when using the apparatus 34 of the flowing layer.

After drying, the granules from the drying apparatus 34 of the flowing layer enter the fluidized bed refrigerator 37 for cooling and, then, through the elevator 38 are fed into the finished product hopper 39, after which the finished granular organic-mineral fertilizer is packaged.

The resulting organic-mineral fertilizer has all the macro- and microelements necessary for plants, as well as free humic acids, in the complete absence of free nitrates and chlorine, increases the content of humates in the soil, actually restoring its fertility and has a prolonging effect.

The granular fertilizer obtained by the claimed method also manifests itself as an ameliorant due to the ability of peat to absorb water. Granules accumulate moisture in a mass exceeding their weight by 6-8 times, and during the dry period they gradually give it to plants, bind soil lumps, reducing erosion and leaching of nutrients by groundwater.

The granules obtained in this way provide the root system of plants with a strictly metered amount of micronutrient and macrocell nutrients, as needed, throughout the growing season.

Claims (7)

1. A method of manufacturing a granular organomineral fertilizer, comprising dosing the components, grinding, mixing, granulating and drying, characterized in that they mix organic raw materials, comprising at least 40% by weight of the finished fertilizer, mineral additives constituting at least 15% by weight of the finished fertilizers, the organomineral mass is granulated with an extruder and the granules are dried in the apparatus of the gushing layer at a temperature of the supplied gases from 200 to 750 ° C. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mineral additives are mixed with peat. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mineral additives are mixed with sapropel. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic raw materials are mixed with nitrogen-containing mineral additives. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic raw materials are mixed with potassium-containing mineral additives. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic raw materials are mixed with phosphorus-containing mineral additives. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that microelements are added to the composition of organic fertilizers.