RU2435749C2 - Method of producing fertiliser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and is meant to produce granular organomineral fertiliser. The method involves batching components, grinding said components, mixing, granulation and drying. In order to prepare liquid additives from microelements, water is used, said water being treated with a constant magnetic field with induction 0.15-0.20 T and rate of flow of water in the treated gap of 0.9-1.1 m/s. Mineral additives are ground before mixing.

EFFECT: method ensures fast and efficient dissolution of trace elements in water, and also ensures more efficient dissolution and mixing of all components of the fertiliser.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended for the manufacture of granular organic fertilizers.

Closest to the claimed method according to the technical nature and the achieved result is a method of manufacturing granular organic fertilizer, including mixing organic raw materials, mineral additives, granulating the mixture and drying the product in a heat carrier flow (Patent 22728000 RU. Publish. March 27, 2006. Bull. No. 9) .

This method of producing organic fertilizer is taken as a prototype. The main disadvantages of the prototype include the fact that in this method it is not possible to fully mix all the components, i.e. get a homogeneous mass, which is then sent to the extruder. The heterogeneous composition of the obtained granules leads to a decrease in the positive effect of the fertilizers used.

The objective of the invention is to obtain granules of organo-mineral fertilizers with high uniformity of composition and, accordingly, improving the quality of organic components of the finished product.

The essence of the invention is a method for the manufacture of granular organo-mineral fertilizers, comprising dosing the components, grinding, mixing, granulating and drying, which differs in that the trace elements are dissolved in water pre-treated with a constant magnetic field by induction of 0.15-0.20 T and speed the flow of water in the treated gap of 0.9-1.1 m / s, mixed with organic raw materials, mineral additives, the organomineral mass is granulated with a screw extruder and the granules are dried.

For a more uniform mixing of the components that make up the fertilizer, it is necessary to crush the mixture of mineral additives, as well as organic raw materials - peat, and only after that send the resulting products to the mixer.

The main product of production is peat-based organo-mineral fertilizers, that is, mineral additives are mixed with peat. In the best case scenario, fertilizers contain 60-75% of organic matter. Organic raw materials are mixed with nitrogen-containing, with potassium-containing, with phosphorus-containing mineral additives, magnesium, in optimal proportions, macro-and microelements are added to the composition of organic-mineral fertilizers.

The drawing shows the production line of granular organic-mineral fertilizer: feed hopper 1 for magnesium sulfate, feed hopper 2 for urea, feed hopper 3 for potassium sulfate, feed hopper 4 for ammophos, automatic dispenser 5 for magnesium sulfate, automatic dispenser 6 for urea, automatic dispenser 7 potassium sulfate, automatic dispenser 8 ammophos, conveyor 9, crusher for mineral additives 13, feed hopper 10 for peat, automatic dispenser 11 for peat, 12 conveyor, 14 crusher for peat, 15 devices Water treatment magnetic field collector 16 for the preparation of liquid additives 17 automatic dispenser of liquid additives 18 twin-shaft mixer with a heating jacket, granulator 19 - screw extruder, a drying unit 20, refrigerator 21, the finished product silo 22.

The basic technological scheme of the process of manufacturing granular organic-mineral fertilizers is as follows: crushed raw peat, urea, magnesium sulfate, ammophos and potassium sulfate are fed into consumable bins and from them are fed by automatic batchers to screw conveyors and sent through crushers to a twin-shaft mixer with a heated jacket, where a measured amount of a solution of trace elements (boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, manganese) is also supplied from the collection for the preparation of liquid additives. Obtained in a twin-shaft mixer, the wet mixture continuously enters the granulator - a screw extruder. In magnetized water, the solubility of inorganic compounds increases, which allows you to quickly and efficiently dissolve trace elements (boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, manganese) in water.

To increase the solubility of trace elements (boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, manganese), it is advisable to treat the water with a constant magnetic field by induction of 0.15-0.20 T and a processing time of 0.5-1.0 s.

The water treated in this way has the best properties to dissolve inorganic and organic substances, which makes it possible to efficiently dissolve trace elements and use them dissolved in the preparation of fertilizers, thereby achieving a uniform distribution of trace elements throughout the entire fertilizer mass. (Klassen V.I. Magnetization of water systems. - M: Chemistry, 1978. - 240 p.)

In addition, magnetized water, then entering the mixer, where all the components included in the fertilizer are mixed, allows for a more uniform mass, because Magnetized water promotes more efficient dissolution and mixing of all ingredients.

Obtained in a twin-shaft mixer, the wet mixture continuously enters the granulator-extruder. Effective mixing of the components and obtaining a homogeneous charge provides a uniform distribution of organic-mineral fertilizers in the soil throughout the sown area of the field.

Wet, calibrated granules are sent for drying. After drying, the granules from the dryer enter the refrigerator for cooling and, then, are fed into the finished product bin, after which the finished granular organic-mineral fertilizer is packaged.

The resulting organic-mineral fertilizer has all the macro- and microelements necessary for plants, as well as free humic acids, in the complete absence of free nitrates and chlorine, increases the content of humates in the soil, actually restoring its fertility and has a prolonging effect. The obtained granular fertilizer also manifests itself as an ameliorant due to the ability of peat to absorb water. Granules accumulate moisture in a mass exceeding their weight by 6-8 times, and during the dry period they gradually give it to plants, bind soil lumps, reducing erosion and leaching of nutrients by groundwater, provide a strictly dosed quantity of plants to the root system, if necessary micronutrients and macronutrients throughout the growing season.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing a fertilizer, including dosing the components, grinding, mixing, granulating and drying, characterized in that the water for the preparation of liquid additives from trace elements containing boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, manganese is treated with a constant magnetic field by induction of 0.15-0 , 20 T and a water flow rate in the treated gap of 0.9-1.1 m / s, and the mixture of mineral additives containing urea, magnesium sulfate, ammophos, potassium sulfate is crushed.

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