RU2271289C2 - Railway vehicle brake air distributor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport.

SUBSTANCE: proposed air distributor is designed to control change of compressed air pressure in brake cylinders of rail vehicle. Air distributor contain three-pressure unit, two-chamber reservoir and two-pressure unit in which main-line chamber connected with brake main line is separated from spool chamber by movable spring-loaded partition installed on hollow rod. Said rod accommodates plunger with hole, valve and pusher thrusting by one end against plunger, and by other end against additional reduction valve of brake main line which cuts communication between channel of additional reduction of brake main line and intermediate chamber separated from main-line chamber by valve made in form of spring-loaded cup. Hollow rod is provided with hole, and brake main line additional reduction channel is separated from atmosphere through spring-loaded valve, restriction hole and additional movable partition connected with one end of rod which, through atmospheric space seal, opens or closes, by other end on which valve is installed, communication between spool chamber and, through restriction hole, with main-line chamber. Additional reduction channel of brake main line is connected through two- chamber reservoir with brake chamber of three-pressure unit which is constantly connected with brake cylinder, is separated from atmosphere by spring-loaded equalizing piston with hollow rod, and through spring-loaded brake valve found in rod on which cups are fitted, communicates with stand-by reservoir and, through check valve, with brake main line. Additional reduction channel is connected additionally with brake chamber space through restriction hole.

EFFECT: improved operation of brakes owing to prevention of opening of "softness" valve at braking which facilitates release of train brakes at cut in "plain" release duty.

1 dwg

Description

Known brake air distributors railways vehicles containing an organ of three pressures - in the working and spool chambers and a brake cylinder, consisting of two movable partitions and a rod with a valve and an organ of two pressures with a movable partition separating the main and spool chambers, and with a spring-loaded valve separating from the main and spool chambers, a channel for additional discharge of the brake line, connecting through the throttle hole to the atmosphere and, when the air distributor is not in a braked position, with the cavity of the brake cylinder [12].

A more improved air distributor is equipped with a softness assembly consisting of an additional movable partition separating the channel for additional discharge of the brake line from the atmosphere, connected to the stem with a valve that overlaps the main chamber from the spool. The additional discharge valve is equipped with a pusher interacting with a spring-loaded valve that separates the additional discharge channel from the atmospheric hole [3].

The disadvantage of the above air distributor is that with small leaks of compressed air from the additional discharge channel, due to its small volume, the pressure over the additional movable partition quickly decreases, which leads to the opening of the softness valve and to the delayed rolling time of the rolling stock.

The purpose of the creation of this air distributor is to improve the operation of the brakes by feeding the additional discharge channel through a constant section hole from the brake cylinder, which, in turn, is replenished from the reserve reservoir during braking, and the reserve reservoir is replenished from the brake line.

The technical result arising from the implementation of the inventive air distributor is achieved by installing a throttle hole connecting the brake cylinder to the channel for additional discharge of the brake line.

This embodiment of the proposed air distributor provides reliable closing of the valve of the softness device during braking, which makes it easier to release the brakes of the rolling stock when the "flat" tempering mode is on.

The drawing shows a General view of the proposed air distributor. Its main parts: the three-pressure organ - the main part 1, the two-chamber reservoir 2, the two-pressure organ - the main part 3.

In the main part 3 there is a movable partition 4 separating the cavity 5 of the spool chamber from the main chamber 6, which is connected by the channel 7 to the brake line 8. The movable partition 4 spring-loaded 9 is mounted on the hollow stem 10, in which are located: a plunger 11 having an opening 12 ; valve 13; a pusher 14, one end resting against the plunger 11, and the other end - in the valve 15 additional discharge of the brake line. The valve 15 blocks the communication between the channel for additional discharge of the brake line 16 and the intermediate chamber 17. The chamber 17 is separated from the main chamber 6 by the valve 18. The valve 18 is made in the form of a spring-loaded cuff. A hole 19 is made in the hollow rod 10. A spring-loaded valve 20 through the throttle hole separates the channel 16 for additional discharge of the brake line from the atmosphere. An additional movable baffle 21 is installed between the channel for additional discharge of the brake line 16 and the atmospheric cavity 22. The baffle 21 is connected at one end to the rod 23. The rod 23 through the atmospheric cavity 22 and the seal 24 with its other end, on which the valve 25 is mounted, passes into the cavity 26. The cavity 26 communicates with the spool chamber 27. The valve 25 blocks the communication between the cavity 26 and through the throttle hole 28 with the channel 7 of the main chamber.

Channel 16 additional discharge of the brake line through a two-chamber reservoir 2 is in communication with the brake chamber 29 of the main part 1. The brake chamber 29 is constantly communicated by channel 30 with the brake cylinder 31 and through the throttle hole 32 with the channel 16 of the additional discharge of the brake line. A spring-loaded balancing piston 33 with a hollow rod 34 is mounted between the brake chamber 29 and the atmosphere. The spare reservoir 35 is connected to the brake line 8 through a check valve 36 and to the cavity 37 of the spring-loaded brake valve 38, located in the stem 39, on which the cuffs 40, 41 and 42 are mounted.

The air distributor operates as follows. At the end of charging, the pressure in the cavity 5 of the spool chamber and the main chamber 6 is equalized, and under the action of the spring 9, the movable partition 4 with the rod 10 moves to the position where the pusher 14 rests against the additional discharge valve 15 of the brake line and the plunger 11. In this case, the hole 19 will move the cuff 18 and the intermediate chamber 17 will be disconnected from the main chamber 6. Under the influence of air pressure of the spool chamber 27 on the rod 23, the additional movable partition 21 is moved to the upper position with the valve 25, and olotnikovaya chamber 27 through orifice 28 communicates with the main chamber 6.

In the main part, the rod 39 is in the extreme left position, the brake valve 38 is closed, the channel 16 for additional discharge of the brake line is connected to the brake chamber 29, which is connected to the atmosphere through an opening in the hollow rod 34 of the equalizing piston 33. The spare tank 35 through the check valve 36 is replenished with air from the brake line 8.

In the braking mode, the pressure in the main chamber 6 decreases rapidly. In this case, the pressure in the spool chamber 27 does not have time to decrease through the throttle hole 28 with such speed and such force that arise as a result of the action of the movable partition 4. These forces are caused by the difference in air pressure in the cavities of the spool 5 and the trunk 6 of the chambers. Through the plunger 11, the pusher 14 and the valve 15, when the air pressure in the spool chamber exceeds the preload force of this valve, the valve 15 opens, the intermediate chamber 17 communicates with the channel 16 for additional discharge of the brake line.

This causes the opening of the valve 18, connecting the main chamber, moving the movable partition 4 to the stop of the guide valve 15 in the housing 3, opening the valves 20 and 13. There is an accelerated discharge of the brake line 8 and the spool chamber 27 through the channel 16 for additional discharge of the brake line into the brake chamber 29 , brake cylinder 31 and through the hollow rod 34 to the atmosphere. As the pressure decreases in the spool chamber 27, the stem 39 moves to the right and the valve 38 closes the hole in the hollow stem 34, and the cuff 42 closes the channel 16 for additional discharge of the brake line from the brake chamber 29. The pressure in the channel 16 rises, the valve 18 closes, an additional movable partition 21 with the stem 23 moves and the valve 25 blocks the communication of the spool chamber 27 with the main chamber 6. As the pressure in the brake line 8 decreases further, the spool chamber 27 through open valves 13, 15 and 16 p It is released into the atmosphere, after pressure equalization in the main chamber 6 and the cavity 5 of the spool chamber, the valves 13, 15 and 16 are closed. The pressure in the channel 16 for additional discharge of the brake line through the throttle hole 32 is equalized with the pressure in the brake chamber 29. In the presence of air leaks from the channel 16 for additional discharge of the brake line, the pressure decreases slightly, as replenishment from the brake chamber 29 occurs, which ensures reliable closing of the valve 25 in the "braking" and "overlap" modes.

When the brake is released, the pressure in the main chamber 6 rises and the movable partition 4 moves to the right, the hole 19 leaves the intermediate chamber 17 into the main chamber 6, which will communicate with the cavity 5 of the spool chamber. The pressure in the spool chamber 27 will begin to increase, the rod 39 moves to the left and the channel 16 for additional discharge of the brake line will communicate with the brake chamber 29, which is connected through the hollow rod 34 to the atmosphere. When the pressure above the additional baffle 21 decreases to atmospheric, then under the action of the air pressure in the cavity 26 on the stem 23, the additional movable baffle 21 will move up, the valve 25 will open by connecting the spool chamber 27 through the throttle hole 28 with the brake chamber 6. The pressure in the cavity 5 the spool chamber and the main chamber 6 are aligned, and under the action of the spring 9, the movable partition 4 with the rod 10 moves to the position where the pusher 14 rests against the valves 13 and 15.

Information sources

1. Copyright certificate No. 255338, IPC B 60 T 15/22, 1968

2. Copyright certificate No. 481480, IPC B 60 T 15/22, 1973

3. Copyright certificate No. 557944, IPC B 60 T 15/18, 1976

Claims (1)

A rail vehicle brake air distributor comprising a three-pressure organ, a two-chamber reservoir, and a two-pressure organ, in which the main chamber connected to the brake line is separated from the spool chamber by a spring-loaded movable partition mounted on a hollow stem in which a plunger having an opening is located, a valve and a pusher, one end resting against the plunger, and the other end - in the valve for additional discharge of the brake line, which blocks the communication between the channel m additional discharge of the brake line and the intermediate chamber, which is disconnected from the main chamber by a valve made in the form of a spring-loaded cuff, in addition, a hole is made in the hollow rod, and the channel for the additional discharge of the brake line is separated from the atmosphere through a spring-loaded valve, an orifice and an additional movable partition connected to one end of the rod, which, through the atmosphere and seal, the other end on which the valve is mounted, opens or closes the between the spool chamber and through the throttle bore with the main chamber, in addition, the channel for additional discharge of the brake line through a two-chamber reservoir is connected to the brake chamber of the three-pressure organ, which is constantly connected to the brake cylinder, is separated from the atmosphere by a spring-loaded balancing piston with a hollow rod and through a spring-loaded the brake valve located in the stem, on which the cuffs are installed, communicates with the spare reservoir, and through the check valve with the brake line, distinguishes This is because in order to increase the reliability of the brakes when they are released, the additional discharge channel is additionally connected to the cavity of the brake chamber through a throttle hole.