RU2270290C1 - Channel cleaning method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic equipment, particularly to clean channels of silt.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting down unnecessary trees, bushes and weed vegetation along irrigation channel berms and slopes; removing the cut down trees, bushes and weed vegetation; treating stubs of the trees and bushes and stubble remaining after weed vegetation removing. The stubs and stubble treatment is performed after hydraulic cut down trees, bushes and weed vegetation washing down to channel bottom. The stubs and stubble are trimmed for maximal possible height, the grinded fraction, silt, mineral and other waste is washed down to channel bottom. Water level in the channel is raised for height equal to 1/4-1/3 of channel depth and then decreased. Coarse fractions are removed from blocking grid surface. Fine fractions are trapped by meshed networks.

EFFECT: reduced power and labor inputs for channel cleaning and increased channel throughput.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used to clean the channels from sediment.

A known method of cleaning channels, including the supply of a pressure stream of gas to deposits deposited in the channel with simultaneous discharge of them outside the channel, in which, in order to increase the efficiency of cleaning, before applying the pressure stream of gas, the deposits are covered with a layer of water that is maintained throughout the entire cleaning period (SU author certificate No. 941464, M. cl. ³ E 02 B 13/00. The method of cleaning channels / LN Badaev, NN Kremenetsky, VA Mishin and others (USSR) - Application No. 2518809/29 -15; Stated 08/11/1977; Publish. 07/07/1982, Bull. No. 25).

The disadvantages of the described method include the need for expensive special equipment and the inability to remove wood, shrubs and weeds from berm and channel slopes.

Under irrigation conditions, more moisture-loving weeds appeared. From early spring weeds: a highlander is rough, a highlander is a pepper, a highland is a mountaineer, a spreading quinoa, a beautiful quinoa, a gray chest. From late spring weeds: chicken millet, rice millet, common thyroid, goatee. From perennial weeds: creeping tar, field horsetail, humai, ordinary kirkazon.

To a large extent, this is also facilitated by the contamination of the berms and slopes of the channels of the water distribution network.

Over the past 4 years of irrigation, the total number of weeds has increased almost 2 times, and the mass of weed vegetation has more than 3 times. After 15 years of irrigation, the total weediness of crops compared with non-irrigated areas increased by more than 3 times, and their mass - 5 times. Thus, in 1989, in the Irrigated plow farm of the GNU VNIIOZ, the total number of weeds in the crops of maize hybrids was 17 pcs / m ² , and their mass was 600 g / m ² . In 1999, i.e. 35 years after the creation of the Irrigated farm on the fields of the Gornaya Polyana farm of the Volgograd Agricultural Institute, the weediness of crops increased to 30 pcs / m, and their mass - up to 1300 g / m. This is due to a lack of energy resources, and consequently, to a decrease in the intensity of soil cultivation, the use of herbicides and other violations of the technology for cultivating irrigated crops. A similar picture has developed in other farms that were previously considered advanced.

The closest analogue to the claimed object relates to a method of cleaning canals, including cutting tree-shrubbery and weed vegetation along the berms and slopes of irrigation canals, removing cut vegetation and processing stumps and stubble after cutting (see Soloviev D.A. Improvement of the technological process and design of brush cutter for cutting trees and shrubs along irrigation canals).

The disadvantages of this method, which we adopted as the closest analogue, are the low removal efficiency of shrubs and weeds at a cutting height of 0.12-0.16 m. The stubble and the mowed mass adhere to each other and create large hydraulic resistance. Silt and algae clog the grid created in this way. The cross section of the channel and its throughput drop sharply.

The essence of the claimed invention.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to create an environmentally safe and low-energy method for controlling weed vegetation during irrigation.

The technological result is an increase in channel capacity by 30-40% and an increase in the productivity of pumping stations.

The specified technological result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of cleaning canals, including cutting tree-shrubbery and weed vegetation along the berms and slopes of irrigation canals, removing cut vegetation and processing stumps and stubble after cutting, according to the invention, before processing the stumps of the bush and stubble weed vegetation removal of cut vegetation from berms and slopes is carried out by hydraulic washing to the bottom of the canal, stumps and stubble are milled to the minimum allowable height, crushed fraction, silt, m ineral and other litter are washed off to the bottom of the canal, raise the water level in the canal by 1 / 4-1 / 3 of its height and discharged, large fractions are removed from the surface of the barriers, and small fractions are captured by wire mesh.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of a channel with shrubby and weedy vegetation on berm, slopes and litter in the bottom.

In Fig.2 - the same, after mowing shrubs and weeds in the spread on berm and slopes.

Figure 3 is the same, the process of hydraulic washing of a fine fraction of hemp shrubs and stubble weeds to the bottom of the channel.

Figure 4 presents the process of filling the channel at 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the design height and the discharge of water with vegetable and mineral debris.

Figure 5 shows the process of removing from the barrier lattice a large fraction of sediment and the capture of the fine fraction by an endless wire mesh.

The channel cleaning method provides for the sequential execution of the following mechanized operations. Cutting of woody-shrubby and weedy vegetation along the berms 1 and slopes 2 of the irrigation canals 3 is done with brush cutters equipped with disk working bodies 4 (see Fig. 1). As the latter, circular saws with a diameter of 1300-1500 mm are used. The cut height is kept with copiers within the range of 0.12-0.18 m. The cut mass is laid out in the spread on the berm 1 and slopes 2 of channel 3. To reduce subsequent energy costs, cut vegetation is removed. This operation is carried out both by raking the cut mass from Berm 1, and by water washing them to the bottom 5 of channel 3. Next, the remaining stumps (hemp) of the bushes and stubble 6 of the weed vegetation are processed after cutting. Before processing the stumps of shrubs and stubble weeds, the cut mass is removed by hydraulic washing to the bottom of channel 5 3. The remaining and exposed stumps and stubble are milled by the milling tool in the form of a cantilever rod to the minimum allowable cut height (within 4-6 cm). At this cutting height, axillary (sleeping) buds on the branches of shrubs are destroyed and growth overgrowth is not restored. With a stubble height of 4-6 cm, most weeds do not give an aftermath.

The crushed fraction, sludge, mineral and other litter (algae) are washed off with a hose 8 to the bottom 5 of the channel (see figure 3). Next, raise the water level in the channel to a height h ₁ equal to (1 / 4-1 / 3) · N of its height (N) and discharge (Fig. 4). During a sharp discharge of water, large fractions of plant and wood residues float and in the direction of discharge they melt to the barrage 9. On the rods of the barrage 9 large coarse sediment settles and is delayed. Small fractions of plant residues pass between the rods of the lattice 9 and, together with water, go to the mesh 10, made in the form of an endless drive tape. This achieves the rise of sediment to the height of the berm and their removal from the surface of the mesh 10. The mesh size of the mesh is set depending on the intensity of pollution (25 × 25 mm or 40 × 40 mm). Thus, an environmentally friendly and less energy-consuming method of controlling weeds on berms and slopes of canals is carried out, and they are removed together with silt and microalgae from the canal. The absence of vegetation and sludge contributes to an increase in channel capacity by 30-40% and an increase in the productivity of pumping plants by 15-20%. Clean canals reduce weediness in irrigated fields.

Claims (1)

A method for cleaning canals, including cutting tree-shrubbery and weed vegetation along the berms and slopes of irrigation canals, removing cut vegetation and treating stumps and stubble after cutting, characterized in that before processing the stumps of bushes and stubble weed vegetation, removing cut vegetation from berm and slopes is carried out With hydraulic washing to the bottom of the canal, stumps and stubble are milled to the minimum permissible height, the crushed fraction, sludge, mineral and other litter are washed to the bottom of the canal, and the water level is raised to anal 1 / 4-1 / 3 of its height and dump, large fraction recovered from the surface of protective gratings and fines trapped cellular grids.

Images