RU2280127C2 - Channel cleaning method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic equipment, particularly means for stream regulation, for instance breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting saplings, bushes and weed vegetation in area along irrigation channel berms and slopes; removing the cut saplings, bushes and weed vegetation and treating stumps and stubble; washing off the cut saplings, bushes and weed vegetation with water to bed bottom before stumps and stubble treatment; milling stumps and stubble so that final stumps and stubble have heights of 4-6 cm; washing off grinded fraction, silt, mineral and other rubbish with water to bed bottom; elevating water level in channel to height equal to 1/4-1/3 of channel depth; lowering water level in channel; removing coarse fractions from protective grid surfaces; gathering fine fractions by cellular meshes.

EFFECT: increased channel throughput and pumping installation capacities.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used to clean the channels from sediment.

A known method of cleaning channels, including the supply of a pressure stream of gas to deposits deposited in the channel with simultaneous discharge of them outside the channel, in which, in order to increase the cleaning efficiency, before applying the pressure stream of gas, the deposits are covered with a layer of water that is maintained throughout the entire cleaning period (SU, certificate of authorship No. 941464, M.cl ^3. E 02 B 13/00. The method of cleaning channels. LN Badaev, NN Kremenetsky, VA Mishin and others (USSR). - Application No. 2518809 / 29-15; Stated 08/11/1977; Publish. 07/07/1982, Bull. No. 25).

The disadvantages of the described method include the need for expensive special equipment and the inability to remove wood, shrubs and weeds from berm and channel slopes.

Under irrigation conditions, more moisture-loving weeds appeared. From the early spring: the mountaineer is rough, the mountaineer is pepper, the mountaineer is pochuyuyny, the quinoa is spreading, the quinoa is beautiful fruit, the marsum is gray. From the late spring: chicken millet, rice millet, common thyroid, goatee. From the perennial: creeping pitch, field horsetail, humai, common kurkazon.

Contamination of the berms and slopes of the channels of the water distribution network contributes to this to a small extent.

Over the past 4 years of irrigation, the total number of weeds has increased by almost 2 times, and their mass is more than 3 times. After 15 years of irrigation, the total weediness of crops compared with non-irrigated areas increased by more than 3 times, and the mass - 5 times. So, in the “Irrigated” agricultural holding of the GNU VNIIOZ in 1989, the total number of weeds in the crops of maize hybrids was 17 pcs / m ² , and their mass was 600 g / m ² . In 1999, i.e. 35 years after the creation of the Irrigated farm on the fields of the Gornaya Polyana farm, the Volgograd Agricultural Institute, the weediness of crops increased to 30 pcs / m ² , and the mass - up to 1300 g / m ² .

This is due to a lack of energy resources, and consequently, to a decrease in the intensity of soil cultivation, the use of herbicides, and other violations of irrigated crop cultivation technology.

The closest analogue to the claimed object relates to a method of cleaning canals, including cutting tree-shrubbery and weed vegetation along the berms and slopes of irrigation canals, removing cut vegetation and processing stumps and stubble after cutting (see Soloviev D.A. Improvement of the technological process and design of brush cutter for cutting woody-shrubby vegetation along irrigation canals. Abstract of the dissertation ... candidate of technical sciences. - Saratov, 2000. - 22 pp. A copy of the materials is attached).

The disadvantages of this method, which we adopted as the closest analogue, are the low removal efficiency of shrubs and weeds at a cutting height of 0.12-0.16 m. The stubble and the mowed mass adhere to each other and create large hydraulic resistance. Silt and algae clog the grid created in this way. The cross section of the channel and its throughput drop sharply.

The essence of the claimed invention

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the creation of an economically safe and low-energy method for controlling weed vegetation during irrigation.

The technical result is an increase in channel capacity and labor productivity of pumping stations.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of cleaning canals, including cutting tree-shrubbery and weed vegetation along the berm and slopes of irrigation canals, removing cut vegetation and treating stumps and stubble after cutting, according to the invention before processing stumps of tree-shrubbery and stubble weed vegetation, removal of cut vegetation from berm and slopes is carried out by hydraulic washing to the bottom of the canal, stumps and stubble are milled, leaving them 4-6 cm high, the crushed fraction, sludge, mineral and other litter are washed off to the bottom of the canal, the water level in the canal is raised to 1/4-1 / 3 of the canal height and discharged, large fractions are removed from the surface of the barriers, and small fractions are captured by wire mesh.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of a channel with shrubbery and weed vegetation along berm and slopes and litter in the bottom.

In Fig.2 - the same, after mowing shrubs and weeds in the spread on berm and slopes.

Figure 3 is the same, the process of hydraulic washing of a fine fraction of hemp tree-shrub and stubble weed vegetation to the bottom of the channel.

-1/3 от проектной высоты канала и сброса воды с растительным сором.Figure 4 presents the process of filling the channel to

-1/3 of the design height of the channel and the discharge of water with vegetable litter.

Figure 5 shows the process of removing from the barrier lattice a large fraction of sediment and the capture of the fine fraction by an endless wire mesh.

The channel cleaning method provides for the sequential execution of the following mechanized operations.

Cutting of woody-shrubby and weedy vegetation along the berms 1 and slopes 2 of the irrigation canals 3 is done with brush cutters equipped with disk working bodies 4 (see Fig. 1). As the latter, circular saws with a diameter of 1300 ... 1500 mm are used. The cut height is maintained within the range of 0.12-0.18 m. The cut mass in the raiser is laid on the berms 1 and slopes 2 of the channel 3. To reduce subsequent energy costs, cut vegetation is removed. This operation is carried out both by raking the cut mass from Berm 1, and by water washing them to the bottom 5 of channel 3. Next, the remaining stumps (hemp) of the bushes and stubble 6 of the weed vegetation are processed after cutting. Before processing the stumps of shrubs and stubble weeds, the cut mass is removed by hydraulic washing to the bottom of channel 5 3. The remaining stubs and stumps and stubble are milled by the milling working body 7 in the form of a cantilever rod to the minimum low and permissible cut height, leaving their height 4-6. see. At this cutting height, axillary (sleeping) buds on the branches of shrubs are destroyed and growth overgrowth is not restored. With a stubble height of 4-6 cm, most weeds do not give an aftermath.

The crushed fraction, sludge, mineral and other litter (algae) are washed off with 8 fire hoses to the bottom of the channel (see figure 3). Next, raise the water level in the channel to a height h ₁ equal to (1 / 4-1 / 3) of the height (H) of the channel and discharge the water (Fig. 4). With a sharp discharge of water, large fractions of plant and wood residues float and in the direction of discharge are fused to the barrage grid 9. On the bars of the grid 9, large litter settles and is delayed. Small fractions of plant residues pass through the rods of the lattice 9 and, together with water, enter a wire mesh 10 made in the form of an endless drive tape. This achieves the rise of sediment to the height of the berm and their removal from the surface of the mesh 10. The mesh size of the mesh is set depending on the intensity of pollution (25 × 25 mm or 40 × 40 mm). In this way, an environmentally friendly and less energy-consuming method of controlling weeds on berms and slopes of canals and removal along with silt and microalgae from the canal are implemented. The absence of vegetation and sludge contributes to an increase in channel capacity by 30–40% and productivity of pumping plants by 15–20%.

Claims (1)

A method of cleaning canals, including cutting tree-shrubbery and weed vegetation along the berms and slopes of irrigation canals, removing cut vegetation and treating stumps and stubble after cutting, characterized in that before processing the stumps of tree-shrubbery and stubble weed vegetation, removing cut vegetation from berm and slopes are produced by hydraulic washing to the bottom of the canal, stumps and stubble are milled leaving them 4-6 cm high, the crushed fraction, sludge, mineral and other litter are washed off to the bottom of the canal, the water level in the anal is raised to 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the channel height and discarded, large fractions are removed from the surface of the barriers, and small fractions are captured by wire mesh.

Images