RU2268563C1 - Soil surface tillage tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: tillage tool has frame with attached apparatus, plow beams and working devices. Each of working devices has tine with hoe. Working devices are secured to triangular frames mounted on tillage tool frame through plow beams of different sizes for movement in longitudinal-vertical and transverse-vertical planes. Tine of each working device is inclined to the rear side and is equipped with cutting edge having variable sharpening angles throughout the whole height thereof, with minimal angle being provided on tine part adapted for tilling soil surface layer. Flat A-hoe is fixed to tine rear wall. Cutting edge provided on hoe wings is defined by front face sharpened portion having variable sharpening angle reducing from tine toward free end of each wing. Each of working devices comprises restricting slide having adjustable height. Covering chain is disposed rearward of working devices.

EFFECT: increased efficiency owing to complete removal of weeds, improved quality of tilling top layer with leveled seeding bed, and provision for eliminating drawing out of erosion-dangerous soil particles onto soil surface.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to implements for surface tillage.

A known cultivator is a plant feeder containing a beam, a bar with working bodies, a reducer bracket and a wheel stand, interconnected by an elastic lower link of a parallelogram mechanism, the upper link of which is rigidly connected at one end to the shaft of the rocking chair, and the other is located in the vertical grooves of the wheel stand in guides which is equipped with a spring-loaded leash, while the upper link of the parallelogram mechanism is provided with an elastic element located in the cavity of the coupling nut, the threaded part of which is connected ene leash bracket reducer and coupling nut in the cavity between the elastic member and a lid coupling nut disposed movable stop rod predkolesnoy rack (RU patent №2188525, IPC ⁷ A 01 B 35/02, 35/20 Hoe -. rasteniepitatel // Abezin V.G., Pyndak V.I., Karpunin V.V., Saldaev A.M. Declared February 7, 2001, published September 10, 2002, Bull. No. 25).

The disadvantages of this design include its complexity, high cost, high resource costs during operation, the inability to constantly maintain a given processing depth, enveloping the racks with plant and root residues. This increases traction resistance and energy costs.

Known working body of the cultivator, including a stand with a cutting edge on the front part and a plane-cutting leg mating with it with a one-sided blade on the outer edge, in which the bottom part of the rack equipped with a heel is mated with an elastic element, the remote ends of which are placed on supporting platforms and in niches of plane-cutting wings paws, moreover, at the remote ends of the elastic element there are windows with niche fixators installed in them; the front part of the elastic element is provided with a cutting edge; the elastic element and the plane-cutting paw are made of different quality materials; the elastic element is made flat; the elastic element is made with a shelf bent downward relative to the distal ends; the remote ends of the elastic element are made curly; the niches of the wings of the flat-cut legs are made in the form of two opposite truncated unequal quadrangular pyramids, the bases of which are aligned with the lower plane of the flat-cut legs, and one of the side faces, formed by a local section of the wing part parallel to the rear edge and offset from it by the size of the supporting area, forms a gap to accommodate the distal end of the elastic member; the latches are made in the form of local bulges on the upper bases of the truncated pyramids and are directed by the protruding parts to the lower plane of the plane-cutting paws; the heel of the rack is connected to the elastic element through rivets; the heel is equipped with a blade offset back relative to the cutting edge of the elastic plate; the front and rear edges of the flat-cut legs are made along congruent lines (RU patent No. 2104624 C1, IPC ⁶ A 01 B 35/26. Cultivator working body // Saldaev AM, Chamurliev OG, Andreev I.N. .1996, published 02.20.1998).

The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known device include unsatisfactory quality of mowing and incomplete cutting of weed vegetation, significant resource costs.

The closest device to the claimed object in terms of features includes a working body for surface tillage, including a rack with a working edge and a rear wall, on which a lancet flat-cutting leg with a front cutting edge is fixed, while the working edge of the rack is formed with a variable sharpening angle along its height moreover, sharpening with a minimum angle is made on the part of the rack processing the surface layer, the cutting edge on the wings of a plane-cutting paw is formed by sharpening the front face with alternating angle decreasing in the direction of the free end of each wing from the rack, and the aforementioned paw with the rear wall of the rack is paired with a groove and fixed in it by a wedge (Patent RU No. 2195094, IPC ⁷ A 01 B 35/26, 35/22. for surface tillage // Abezin V.G., Karpunin V.V., Saldaev A.M. Declared February 24, 2001, published December 27, 2002, Bull. No. 36).

Design deficiencies include the imperfection of the stand connection with the flat-cutting paw, which leads to plant residues enveloping the bottom of the stand and increases the resource costs for overcoming the resistance, in addition, the precisely specified processing depth and the formation of a leveled soil bed are not provided.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to simplify the design, reduce traction resistance and resource costs, form a leveled soil bed to increase germination and yield.

EFFECT: complete mechanical destruction of weeds, high-quality processing of the top layer with a leveled sowing bed before sowing, elimination of the removal of erosion-hazardous soil particles together with a moist lower layer.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the well-known implements for surface cultivation of the soil, containing a frame with a hinged device, working bodies also came, each of which has a rack with a paw deflected back, according to the invention, the working bodies are mounted on a triangular frame mounted on the frame by means of equal-sized ridges with the ability to move in the longitudinally-vertical and transverse-vertical planes, while the stand of each working body is tilted back and there is a working edge with a variable angle of sharpening along its height, the minimum angle of which is made on the part of the rack processing the surface layer of soil, and the back wall with a lancet flat-cutting paw fixed to it, having a front cutting edge on its wings, and the cutting edge of the paw is formed by the front grinding faces with a variable angle decreasing in the direction of the free end of each wing from the rack; each working body has a height-adjustable restrictive skid; behind the working bodies there is a chain loop.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents a tool for surface tillage, side view.

Figure 2 is the same plan view.

Figure 3 presents the working body of the gun, side view.

Figure 4 is the same plan view.

Figure 5 is a section aa in figure 3.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The tool for resource-saving surface tillage includes a frame 1 with a hinged device 2. To the hinged device 2, restrictive chains 3 are fixed, which hold the frames 4 of the working bodies. The working bodies consist of a rack 5 deflected back at an angle β, to which lancet flat-cutting legs 6 of the working bodies are attached.

The frames 4 of the working bodies are attached to the frame 1 of the gun with the help of ridges 7, which provide the ability to move the frames 4 in the longitudinal-vertical plane. The height-adjustable limiter skids are attached to the posts 5. Chain loops are fixed to the frames 4. The working bodies are fixed on the frame 4 using the mounting threaded part 10. The limiter skids 8 are height-adjustable using the threaded holes 11, the lancet plane-cutting paw is attached to the rack 5 using fixing screws 12. The fastening of the frames 4 to the ridges 7 allows you to change the position of the frames in the transverse vertical plane, which ensures that the working bodies 6 copy the surface of the treated field.

The gun works as follows.

In case of steady movement, for example, pre-sowing cultivation of soil saturated with weeds, the first row working bodies are the first to enter the work, in which there is a minimum number of them, which can significantly reduce the traction resistance of the gun, energy and resource costs. When the working bodies interact with the soil, the working edge of the rack 5, inclined to the horizon at an angle β, comes into operation first. Weed stalks, due to the angle of the rack 5 and the translational movement of the working body, first slide from top to bottom, which is facilitated by the lack of support for cutting and a more obtuse sharpening working edge of the rack 5.

When the field surface is reached, the stem is braked due to friction against the surface of the upper dry soil layer, acquires elastic support and is cut into two parts with a sharp cutting edge. Due to the forces of friction, the cut pieces of the stem remain on the surface of the field. The lower cleaned part of the rack 5 cuts the soil layer to a predetermined depth of processing and provides optimal conditions for cutting the soil layer in the horizontal plane, as well as weeds, with a pointed paw. Next, the cutting edges 6 on the wings of the legs come into operation. Cutting edges of the 6 legs, the roots and stems of the weeds are trimmed at a predetermined processing depth, which is facilitated by height-adjustable restrictive skids 8. When the legs 6 are moving, the uncut roots move towards the free ends of the wings with sharper edges than the rack 5. Sharpened edges of the legs 6 weeds are cut, not only found along the front, but also sliding in the lateral directions.

Thus, the mounting of the frames of the working bodies to the frame of the implement, the use of triangular frames for mounting the working bodies, the movable connection of the ridges to the frame of the tool, which allows you to change the position of the frames of the working bodies in the longitudinal-vertical plane, and the movable connection of the frames of the working bodies, ensuring the mobility of the frames in transverse vertical plane, sharpening with variable angles of the strut 5 and wings 6 of the legs provide complete cutting of weed vegetation, loosening of the upper soil layer without removal of the lower loya on the surface, leveling the surface of the field, the complete destruction of the soil crust; crumbling of clumps and clods of soil to agronomically valuable fractions, stable performance of the process with minimal traction resistance of the gun at higher speeds (up to 12 km / h) with a significant reduction in resource costs due to the rational arrangement of working bodies along the working width, lack of bunding of working bodies with vegetable residues, reducing the number of treatments, maintaining and increasing soil moisture reserves; the formation of a leveled soil bed for seeds.

Claims (3)

1. The tool for surface cultivation of the soil, containing a frame with a hinged device, came and working bodies, each of which has a stand with a paw, characterized in that the working bodies are fixed on a triangular frame mounted on the frame by means of different-sized ridges with the possibility of moving in longitudinal vertical and transverse vertical planes, while the rack of each working body is tilted back and has a working edge with a variable sharpening angle along its height, the minimum angle of which is made on the part of the rack, ar abatant surface layer of soil, and the rear wall with a lancet pivot-cutting paw fixed to it, having a front cutting edge on its wings, the cutting edge of the paw formed by sharpening the front face with a variable angle decreasing in the direction of the free end of each wing from the rack. 2. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that each working body has a height-adjustable restrictive skid. 3. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies placed a chain loop.

Images