RU2433583C1 - Tool for presowing and surface treatment of soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: tool comprises a disc knife and flat cutting working elements installed on stands. Flat cutting working elements are arranged in the form of centre semi-hoes and are fixed on stands at both sides of the disc knife. A tip of the left semi-hoe is put forward relative to the axis of the disc knife and is arranged above the disc knife blade. Embedding of the disc knife blade relative to the blade of the centre semi-hoe is arranged to cut all vegetable remains. A tip of the right semi-hoe is arranged at the axis of the disc knife, and the blade of the right semi-hoe is placed at the same level with the blade of the left semi-hoe. The tool is mounted on a stand made in the form of a fork, to which bearings of the disc knife are fixed, as well as stands of centre semi-hoes. Centre semi-hoes are arranged as double-faced with a sharp rib directed towards the side of the tool movement.

EFFECT: structural design will make it possible to develop a mulching layer in the upper horizon from agricultural valuable fractions, to ensure full mechanical destruction of weeds and to increase quality of soil treatment.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to means of mechanization of agricultural production, namely, as a working body of cultivators for surface treatment of erosion-hazardous soils saturated with weeds.

Known is the working body of the cultivator, including a stand with a cutting edge on the front part and a plane-cutting leg mating with it with a one-sided blade on the outer edge, in which the bottom part of the rack equipped with a heel is associated with an elastic element, the remote ends of which are placed on supporting platforms and in niches of plane-cutting wings. paws, moreover, at the remote ends of the elastic element there are windows with niche fixators installed in them; the front part of the elastic element is provided with a cutting edge; the elastic element and the flat-cutting leg are made of different quality materials, the elastic element is made flat; the elastic element is made with a shelf bent downward relative to the distal ends; the remote ends of the elastic element are made curly; the niches of the wings of the flat-cut legs are made in the form of two opposite truncated unequal quadrangular pyramids, the bases of which are aligned with the lower plane of the flat-cut legs, and one of the side faces, formed by a local section of the wing part parallel to the rear edge and offset from it by the size of the supporting area, forms a gap to accommodate the distal end of the elastic member; the latches are made in the form of local bulges on the upper bases of the truncated pyramids and are directed by the protruding parts to the lower plane of the plane-cutting paws; the heel of the rack is connected to the elastic element through rivets; the heel is equipped with a blade offset back relative to the cutting edge of the elastic plate; the front and rear edges of the flat-cut legs are made along congruent lines (RU, patent No. 2104624).

The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known device include unsatisfactory quality of mowing and incomplete cutting of weed vegetation.

A flat-cutting paw is known, including a stand on which a lancet flat-cutting paw with a front cutting edge is fixed, in which the flat-cutting paw is provided with cleaving ledges and offset back from the cutting edge of the paw; the shearing element is made in the form of a prism, one of the lateral faces of which is orthogonal to the upper plane of the paw and to the direction of its movement, and the height of the prism is greater than or equal to the thickness of the lancet planar paw (RU, patent No. 2105446).

The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known device include incomplete cutting of the roots of the weeds by the wings of a plane-cutting paw, enveloping the rack with plant residues.

Known working body for surface tillage, including a rack with a working edge and a rear wall, on which is mounted a lancet plane-cutting paw with a front cutting edge, while the working edge of the rack is formed with a variable angle of sharpening along its height, and grinding with a minimum angle is made in parts rack, processing the surface layer, and the cutting edge on the wings of the legs is formed by sharpening the front face with a variable angle decreasing in the direction of the free end of each wing from the rack, and la and with the back wall rack interfaced through the groove and fixed therein by means of a wedge, a change in height of the working edge sharpening angle strut described second-order equation of the form h _c ² = 2ρi, wherein h _c - rack height, mm; i is the angle of sharpening; ρ is the focal parameter of the parabola, and the change in the sharpening angle of the cutting edge of the wing of the leg is described by the equation of the direct form i = - (Ab _π + C) / B, where i is the angle of sharpening; b _π - the wing length of the legs from the rack to the free end, mm; A, B, C - proportionality coefficients obtained on the basis of experimental data (RU, patent No. 2105446).

The disadvantages of this working body include low reliability, enveloping racks and legs with plant residues, the complexity of manufacturing and maintenance.

A tillage tool is known, including a frame and a disk knife and a planar cutting tool mounted on it on racks one after another, while the tool is equipped with supporting elements made in the form of runners, each of which is fixed on the side of the disk knife and flat cutting tool, this rack of the flat-cutting working body is made arcuate, enveloping the circular knife, and each skid is installed with the possibility of adjusting it in height (SU, copyright certificate No. 1752210 A1 MPK A01B 49/02).

The disadvantages of this tillage implement include the possibility of enveloping the paws with plant residues due to the simultaneous impact on the layer of soil after a circular knife, increased traction resistance due to the installation of support elements.

We have adopted this tillage implement as the closest analogue.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to improve the quality of the processing of erosion-hazardous soils with strong weed vegetation, and to prevent envelopment of the stance and feet by plant residues.

EFFECT: creation of a mulching layer in the upper horizon with agronomically valuable soil fractions, complete mechanical destruction of weeds, high-quality processing of the upper layer with a sowing bed when processing vapors and fields for sowing heat-loving crops, elimination of the removal of erosion-hazardous soil particles together with a moist lower layer.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known working body for pre-sowing and surface tillage, including a circular knife and flat-cutting working bodies mounted on racks, according to the invention, the flat-cutting working bodies are made in the form of pointed half-arms and are mounted on the racks on both sides disk knife, while the toe of the left half-hole is extended forward relative to the axis of the disk knife and is located above the blade of the disk knife, and the recess of the blade of the disk n The same relative to the blade of the lancet half-hole is taken from the calculation of cutting all plant residues, the toe of the right half-hole is placed on the axis of the disk knife, and the blade of the right half-hole is placed on the same level as the blade of the left half-hole, the working body is mounted on a stand made in the form of a fork to which the bearings are fixed a circular knife and a rack of lancet half-holes made of two-sided, with a sharp edge directed towards the movement of the working body.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the working body for presowing and surface tillage, side view.

Figure 2 is the same, top view.

Figure 3 is a section aa in figure 1.

The working body is mounted on a vertical rack 1, made in the form of a fork, between the sides of which a vertical disk knife 2 is installed. The disk knife is mounted on the axis using bearings installed in the hubs 3. An inclined rack 4 is fixed to the hub 3 on the left side of the disk knife 2 lancet half-hole 5. Lancet half-foot 5 is installed in a horizontal plane at an angle γ, which provides cutting of weeds by sliding cutting and has a cutting angle α, which allows loosening of the soil without mixing Loew. The toe of the paw 5 is moved forward relative to the axis of the circular knife. On the right side of the disk knife 2 to the rack 3 with the help of an inclined rack 6 is fixed to the right lancet half-foot 7, the toe of which is mounted at the level of the axis of the disk knife. The arrow-shaped half-foot 7 is also installed at an angle γ and has a miter angle α. Racks 4, 6 to reduce soil resistance are made dihedral with a sharp edge directed in the direction of movement of the working body.

The working body for pre-sowing and surface tillage works as follows.

When moving along the surface of the soil, a circular knife 2 cuts the soil layer to a depth "a" exceeding the depth of processing by plane-cutting working bodies made in the form of lancet half-holes 5, 7. This excess provides complete cutting of the weeds encountered in the direction of movement of the working body and prevents enveloping of the stands 4, 6 plant residues. Lancet half-holes 5, 7 cut the formation in the horizontal plane, and, thanks to the crumbling angle α, loosens the trimmed formation without mixing the soil layers. The installation of lancet half-holes 5, 7 in a horizontal plane at an angle γ to the direction of movement provides cutting of the weeds by sliding cutting and does not allow the blades to be enveloped with half-holes 5, 7 by plant residues. The blades of the half-holes 5, 7 have an upper sharpening, and the lower part of the blade has surfacing with a hard wear-resistant alloy, so the blades self-sharpen during operation. The two-sided shape of the racks 4, 6 of the lancet half-legs provides a flow around the soil and a decrease in the resistance of the treatment. To obtain a uniform depth of processing, the working bodies should be fixed on ridges having a parallelogram hitch. Processing by the working body allows you to create a mulching layer in the upper horizon of the soil, the complete destruction of weeds, and prevents the removal of erosion-hazardous particles of soil along with a moist lower layer.

Claims (1)

The working body for pre-sowing and surface tillage, including a circular knife and flat-cutting working bodies mounted on racks, characterized in that the flat-cutting working bodies are made in the form of lancet half-legs and mounted on the racks on both sides of the circular knife, with the left half-toe toe forward relative to the axis of the disk knife and is located above the blade of the disk knife, and the recession of the blade of the disk knife relative to the blade of the lancet half-hole is taken from the calculation of cutting all plant tatki, the toe of the right half-hole is placed on the axis of the disk knife, and the blade of the right half-hole is placed on the same level as the blade of the left half-hole, the working body is mounted on a stand made in the form of a fork, to which the bearings of the disk knife and the rack of the pointed half-holes are fixed, which are made two-sided with a sharp edge directed towards the movement of the working body.

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