RU2446653C1 - Working body for surface soil treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: working body comprises a frame with the longitudinal beam attached to it. On the beam a loosening working body with a rack is pivotally mounted with the possibility of oscillation. The rack is made combined and consists of a flat blade with the front cutting edge and the holder. The front cutting edge of a flat blade is made at an angle φ to the horizontal plane, which value is less than the friction angle of the weed on the cutting edge. The cutting edge of the blade is sharpened on the left side, and on the right side it has a welding deposition of solid wear-resistant alloy. The flat blade is attached to the holder mounted pivotally in the longitudinal beam with the possibility of oscillation in the horizontal plane. The holder has a head with the lever, fixed between the springs of compression. To the flat blade of the rack a lancet flat hoe is mounted at an angle of crumbling α, and providing loosening the soil without removal of the moist layers on the surface. The angle γ at the aperture of hoes is taken to ensure the condition of sliding the weed along hoe blade. The depth "a" of treatment should not exceed the height of the front edge of the flat blade. The cutting edge of lancet hoes blades has an upper grinding and a welding deposition by solid alloy of the bottom edge.

EFFECT: constructive implementation enables to ensure creation of mulch layer in the upper horizon from agronomically valuable soil fractions; complete mechanical ravage of weeds, high-quality processing of topsoil, exception of removal to the surface of the field of erosion and hazardous particles and the lower wet layer.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to means of mechanization of agricultural production, namely, as a working body of cultivators for surface cultivation of soil saturated with weeds.

Known is the working body of the cultivator, including a stand with a cutting edge on the front part and a plane-cutting leg mating with it with a one-sided blade on the outer edge, in which the bottom part of the rack equipped with a heel is associated with an elastic element, the remote ends of which are placed on supporting platforms and in niches of plane-cutting wings. paws, moreover, at the remote ends of the elastic element there are windows with niche fixators installed in them; the front part of the elastic element is provided with a cutting edge; the elastic element and the flat-cutting leg are made of different quality materials, the elastic element is made flat; the elastic element is made with a shelf bent downward relative to the distal ends; the remote ends of the elastic element are made curly; the niches of the wings of the flat-cut legs are made in the form of two opposite truncated unequal quadrangular pyramids, the bases of which are aligned with the lower plane of the flat-cut legs, and one of the side faces, formed by a local section of the wing part parallel to the rear edge and offset from it by the size of the supporting area, forms a gap to accommodate the distal end of the elastic member; the latches are made in the form of local bulges on the upper bases of the truncated pyramids and are directed by the protruding parts to the lower plane of the plane-cutting paws; the heel of the rack is connected to the elastic element through rivets; the heel is equipped with a blade offset back relative to the cutting edge of the elastic plate; the front and rear edges of the plane-cutting legs are made along congruent lines (patent RU No. 2104624).

The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known device include unsatisfactory quality of mowing and incomplete cutting of weed vegetation.

Known flat-cutting paw, including a rack on which is mounted a lancet flat-cutting paw with a front cutting edge, in which the flat-cutting paw is equipped with cleaving ledges and offset back from the cutting edge of the paw; the shearing element is made in the form of a prism, one of the lateral faces of which is orthogonal to the upper plane of the paw and to the direction of its movement, and the height of the prism is greater than or equal to the thickness of the lancet flat-cutting paw (patent RU No. 2105446).

The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known device include incomplete cutting of the roots of the weeds by the wings of a plane-cutting paw, enveloping the rack with plant residues.

Known working body for surface tillage, including a rack with a working edge and a rear wall, on which is mounted a lancet plane-cutting paw with a front cutting edge, while the working edge of the rack is formed with a variable angle of sharpening along its height, and grinding with a minimum angle is made in parts rack, processing the surface layer, and the cutting edge on the wings of the legs is formed by sharpening the front face with a variable angle, decreasing in the direction of the free end of each wing from the rack, and la and with the back wall rack interfaced through the groove and fixed therein by means of a wedge, a change in height of the working edge sharpening angle strut described second-order equation of the form h _c ² = 2ρi, wherein h _c - rack height, mm; i is the angle of sharpening; ρ is the focal parameter of the parabola, and the change in the angle of sharpening of the cutting edge of the wing of the leg is described by a direct equation of the form i = - (Ab _π + C) / B, where i is the angle of sharpening; b _π - the wing length of the legs from the rack to the free end, mm; A, B, C - proportionality coefficients obtained on the basis of experimental data (patent RU No. 2105446).

The disadvantages of this working body include low reliability, enveloping racks and legs with plant residues, the complexity of manufacturing and maintenance.

Known working body for surface tillage, containing a frame with a longitudinal beam rigidly attached to it, on which a loosening working body with a stand is mounted pivotally and with the possibility of oscillations in the longitudinal vertical plane; and mated in the upper part with a vertical shank in radius, and in the lower part - with a lancet ploskorezhaya paw, the front of the rack has a sharp point at an angle that provides cutting weeds and shifting them to the plane of the lancet paw, the lancet paw is set at an angle of elevation to the horizontal plane, providing loosening of the soil without bringing the lower wet layers to the surface, and has a solution angle less than the double angle of friction of the movement of the material of the paw on the soil, and the vertical shank is set to the longitudinal beam using a cylindrical head and is fixed with a finger, and the upper part of the vertical shank is fixed between compression springs installed in the groove of the longitudinal beam (p Awning RU №2379865).

The disadvantages of this working body include enveloping the racks and legs with plant residues and the inability to self-clean the wings of the legs during operation.

This working body is adopted as the closest analogue.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to improve the quality of the treatment of erosion-hazardous soils with strong weed vegetation, and to prevent envelopment of the stance and paws by plant residues.

EFFECT: creation of a mulching layer in the upper horizon with agronomically valuable soil fractions, complete mechanical destruction of weeds, high-quality processing of the upper layer with a sowing bed when processing vapors and fields for sowing heat-loving crops, elimination of the removal of erosion-hazardous soil particles together with a moist lower layer.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in a known working body for surface tillage containing a frame with a longitudinal beam attached to it, on which a loosening working body with a stand is mounted pivotally with the possibility of oscillations in the longitudinal horizontal plane, according to the invention, the stand is made combined consists of a flat knife with a leading cutting edge, made at an angle φ to a horizontal plane, the value of which is less than the friction angle a jar on a cutting edge having a sharpening, and the sharpening is done on the left side, and on the right side there is hard-alloy hard-facing alloying, the flat knife is fixed to the holder pivotally mounted in the longitudinal beam with the possibility of oscillation in the horizontal plane, the holder has a head with a lever fixed between the compression springs, a lancet flat-cutting paw with a crushing angle α is fixed to the flat knife of the rack, providing loosening of the soil without the removal of wet layers to the surface, the angle of the paw solution γ is taken from the condition In order to ensure that the weeds slide along the blade of the paw, the depth of processing “a” should not exceed the height of the front cutting edge of the flat knife, the cutting edge of the lancet of the lancet paws has an upper sharpening and hardfacing with a lower edge.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The design of the working body is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the working body - side view.

Figure 2 is the same, top view.

The working body for surface tillage includes a longitudinal beam 1, on which a lancet flat-cutting paw 4 is mounted pivotally with the possibility of oscillations in the longitudinal horizontal plane using the holder 2, flat knife 3. The holder 2 has a head 5 with a lever 6, the end of which is fixed between the springs 7 compression. The flat knife 3 in the front part has a cutting edge 8, sharpened on the left side and deposited with hard alloy on the right side. The front cutting edge 8 is made at an angle φ to a horizontal plane, the value of which is less than the angle of friction of the weed against the cutting edge. The lancet paw 4 is made taking into account the crumbling α, providing loosening of the soil without the removal of wet layers to the surface. The angle γ of the paw solution is adopted from the condition that the weeds slip along the blade of the paw.

The depth of processing "a" by the working body should not exceed the height of the front cutting edge 8. The cutting edge 9 of the blade of the lancet paws has an upper sharpening and surfacing with a hard alloy of the lower edge.

The working body for surface tillage works as follows.

With the steady movement during processing of soil saturated with weeds, the front cutting edge 8 inclined to the horizon at an angle φ is the first to enter the work.

The stem and roots of weeds due to the angle of inclination of the blade and the translational movement of the working body slide from top to bottom due to the lack of support for cutting. When the field surface is reached, the stem is braked. Due to the force of inertia of rest and friction on the surface of the upper dry soil layer, the stem acquires an elastic support and is cut by the cutting edge 8 into two equal or unequal parts. In the case of overhanging weed roots or foreign objects, due to the angle of inclination of the cutting edge 8 to the horizon, they are entrained in the lower soil layers and fall under the influence of a lancet plane-cutting paw 4, are cut by their cutting blades and placed in a loosened soil layer for decay and improve soil structure. When enveloping the blade of the lancet paw 4 with weeds or foreign objects, the force on the blade increases and the paw 4 rotates in a longitudinal horizontal plane, the angle γ decreases and the blade 9 is released from the weed or foreign object. Springs 7 through the lever 6 return the paw to its original position. During operation, the lancet paw will oscillate constantly, which prevents enveloping of the working body with plant residues, improves the quality of crumbling, the complete mechanical destruction of weeds, and the one-sided sharpening of the cutting edge of the knife 3 and paws 4 with a hard-wearing hard alloy of the other side provides self-sharpening of the blades, complete destruction of weeds and high-quality tillage.

Claims (1)

A working body for surface tillage, comprising a frame with a longitudinal beam attached to it, on which a loosening working body with a stand is articulated with the possibility of oscillations, characterized in that the stand is made combined, consisting of a flat knife with a front cutting edge made at an angle φ to a horizontal plane, the value of which is less than the angle of friction of the weed against the cutting edge, with sharpening on the left side, and on the right side there is surfacing with a hard wear-resistant alloy, a flat knife fastened to the holder, pivotally mounted in the longitudinal beam with the possibility of oscillation in the horizontal plane, the holder has a head with a lever fixed between compression springs, a lancet flat-cutting paw with a cutting angle α fixed to the flat knife of the rack, providing loosening of the soil without moving the wet layers to the surface, the angle γ of the paw solution is taken from the condition that the weeds slide along the blade of the paw, the depth “a” of processing should not exceed the height of the front cutting edge of the flat knife, the cutting edge of l zvy lancet tines has an upper grinding and surfacing alloy solid bottom edge.

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