RU2268180C2 - Hopper car and sliding roof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport; hopper cars with precipitation protection.

SUBSTANCE: proposed hopper car contains central sectional beam whose middle part is inner sheet of discharge hopper 5. Posts of body are made of angle sections, two of which being arranged along cross axis of car, provided with stiffening ribs and interconnected by brace. Upper framework of side walls is made of angle sections. Sliding roof 4 consists of two parts opening by mechanism equipped with shutoff-and-sealing device.

EFFECT: improved reliability and safety of cargo.

5 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The claimed group of inventions relates to railway transport, and in particular to the construction of hopper cars designed for the unpacked transportation of goods requiring shelter from precipitation and quick unloading without any energy sources.

Known design of the frame of the bunker car [A.S. USSR No. 882801, B 61 F 1/08 of 01/17.80], containing spinal and lateral beams located at its end parts, interconnected by frontal, pivot and transverse beams and diagonal braces attached at one end to the pivot beam in the area of the pivot assembly and connected by the upper parts together above the pivot beam, and the other ends of the braces facing the center of the frame and attached to the side beams.

The disadvantage of this design is the increased stress concentration in the pivot assembly, in which the perceived longitudinal loads are redistributed between the braces and the pivot beam, which also accepts vertical loads, as a result of which cracks occur in the pivot assembly, which necessitates the car to be uncoupled and repaired.

The prototype for the first aspect of the claimed group of inventions is the design of a railway hopper and a central beam for it [Pat. US No. 4493266, B 61 D 7/08, US C1 105/255 from 01/15/85]. The central beam of the hopper car frame is made up of end and middle parts. The end parts contain end, pivot and spinal beams, the last of which is connected to the middle part made of a specialized rolling profile (or assembled from bent sheets) on the upper horizontal shelf of which a sheet is installed in the form of a corner, forming together with a specialized rolling profile (or set from bent sheets) the ridge serving as the inner surface of the discharge hopper. The connection of the middle part with the end is made by means of two bent sheets, one of which has a trapezoidal section and enters the internal cavity of a specialized rolling profile (or a set of bent sheets) and covers the end of the spinal beam of the end part, and the other enters the internal cavity formed by a horizontal a shelf of a specialized profile (or a set of bent sheets) and a sheet made in the form of a corner, and grasps to the upper shelf of the spinal beam of the end part.

The disadvantage of the prototype is its low technology, determined by the large range of parts used, the presence of specialized profiles, as well as a large number of welds that need to be controlled. This leads to an increase in time to produce a unit of output.

An analogue for the second aspect of the claimed group of inventions is a roof for an open railway car [Pat. US No. 6762002, B 61 D 39/00, US C1 105 / 377.02 of 06/09/98], consisting of arcuate guides mounted on the upper rail of the car with a gap, providing ventilation of the transported cargo. A tarpaulin canvas is fixed on the guides, which can be opened with the help of a flexible connection by the operator located at the railway track. The reverse closing of the canvas sheet occurs under the influence of elastic ties fixed on the opposite side.

The disadvantage of this design is the fragility of the canvas canvas, as a result of which reliable protection of the transported cargo from precipitation is not provided.

The prototype for the second aspect is a device for attaching arcuate sections of the roof to the body of a freight car [A.S. USSR No. 1518177, B 61 D 39/00 dated 01/15/08]. This device contains locks formed by rollers mounted on a platform, which is located on the roof along its longitudinal axis, and interacting with arcuate guides installed on the roof sections, and the platform is rigidly connected to the stairs, which are mounted on the end walls of the car with the possibility of turning the drive in the transverse vertical plane. Along with this, the actuator includes a lever connected by a chain transmission with a gear engaged with a gear arcuate guide, which is mounted on the end wall of the body.

The disadvantage of this design is its large metal consumption and functional fixation of the roof only from vertical vibrations. Along with this, the rotation of the constipation is carried out using a gear along the serrated arcuate guides, in which dust accumulates, the remains of the transported cargo, moisture freezing at sub-zero temperatures, which contribute to wear and hinder the normal operation of the device.

The task to which the claimed group of inventions is directed is to create a hopper car structure and its sliding roof covering the loading opening, having simplicity and reliability in manufacturing and maintenance, as well as in operation.

The task of the first aspect of the invention is solved as follows.

The central part of the body frame beam is made of inclined sheets that make up the longitudinal ridge and the inner surface of the discharge hoppers connected by an inclined transverse sheet and plates with the end part of the central beam. Each of the pads is made trapezoidal, one of the inclined faces of which is welded to the supporting diaphragm of the transverse sheet of the discharge hopper, and the other is docked with the top sheet of the pivot beam. In this case, two installed planks form a ridge resting on the upper face of the zeta-shaped profile of the end part of the central beam with the middle part and connected to the lower shelves of the zeta-shaped profile by means of the planks. The longitudinal and transverse skates, together with the inclined transverse sheets, form four discharge bins, on the outer sheets of which the side walls are fixed by means of racks made of a corner profile, both shelves connected to a plate attached to the casing. At the same time, on racks located along the transverse axis of the hopper at the tops of the corner profiles, stiffeners are installed made of rolled metal strip with variable width depending on the direction of perceived load, connected in the upper part by a connection made in the form of a pipe with plugged the ends. In addition, the racks of the side walls are connected by an upper strapping made of a corner profile, one shelf of which connects the racks of the side walls and the other is fixed to the casing, while both shelves are connected by a strip acting in the upper part and acting as a limiter when closing the roof with the formation of a gap .

According to the second aspect of the claimed invention, the task is solved as follows.

Both half roofs are opened using a single drive rod, pivotally connected through the beam with one half roof and by means of a connecting rod with the beam of the other half roof. In this case, the guides for the rollers of one half-roof are installed above the guides for the rollers of the other half-roof. And the locking and sealing device of the opening mechanism is made in the form of a rotary shutter that engages with a drive lever provided with a bar with an opening made coaxially with the hole in the angle of the stopper bracket.

The essence of the first aspect of the claimed group of inventions is that the hopper car contains a body mounted on the chassis by means of a frame with an unloading mechanism made of a composite central beam with fixed end and pivot beams, consisting of end and side walls fixed on the frame with the help of racks connected by an upper strapping made of connected rolling profiles, on which a roof is pushed apart by a lever mechanism. At the same time, the middle part of the central beam of the body frame is made of inclined sheets that make up the longitudinal ridge and the inner surface of the discharge hoppers, connected by an inclined transverse sheet and overlays with the end parts of the central beam and form, together with the transverse ridge, discharge bins, on the outer sheets of which the side walls are installed by racks made of a corner profile, by both shelves connected to a plate attached to the casing. On racks located along the transverse axis of the hopper, stiffening ribs are mounted on the tops of the corner profiles of the racks and made of variable-width rolled metal rolled along the length, depending on the direction of the perceived load, connected in the upper part by a connection made of a pipe with muffled ends . At the same time, each of the plates connecting the middle and end parts of the central beam is made trapezoidal, one of the inclined faces of which is welded to the supporting diaphragm of the transverse sheet of the discharge hatch, and the other is joined to the top sheet of the pivot beam, while two installed planks form a ridge, supported by the middle part on the upper face of the Z-shaped profile of the end part of the central beam, and the lower part connected to the lower shelves of the Z-shaped profile by means of slats.

According to the second aspect of the claimed group of inventions, the essence lies in the fact that the sliding roof consists of two half-roofs, mounted on the support shafts and interconnected by means of a labyrinth seal, moving along the guides on the rollers and driven by a lever mechanism containing a single drive rod, articulated connected through a beam with one half-roof and by means of a connecting rod with a beam of another half-roof. Along with this, the guides for the rollers of one half-roof are mounted higher than the guides of the other half-roof, and the locking and sealing device is made in the form of a rotary shutter, which engages with the drive lever, provided with a bar with an opening made coaxially with the hole in the angle of the stopper bracket. In addition, the upper trim of the side walls is made of a corner profile, one shelf of which connects the racks of the side walls and the other is fixed to the casing, while both shelves are connected by a strip protruding in the upper part and forming a gap with the covering part of the half-roof.

The essence of the claimed group of inventions is illustrated by drawings with a design of the car - hopper and a sliding roof.

Figure 1 - General view of the hopper car;

Figure 2 - frame of the hopper car (top view);

Figure 3 - the central beam;

Figure 4 is a section along the line aa in figure 3;

Figure 5 is a section along the line BB in figure 1;

6 is a section along the line bb in figure 1;

Fig.7 is a view of G in Fig.6;

Fig.8 is a section along the line DD in Fig.1;

Fig.9 is a view of E in Fig.1;

Figure 10 is a view W in figure 9;

11 is a view 3 in figure 10;

Fig - view And in Fig.7.

The hopper car consists of a body 1 mounted on the chassis 2 by means of a frame 3. To protect the transported goods from atmospheric precipitation, the body 1 of the hopper car is closed with a retractable roof 4. On the frame 3 of the hopper car there are unloading hoppers 5 with an unloading mechanism 6. Frame 3 includes a composite central beam 7 with end 8 and pivot 9 beams fixed to it. The central beam 7 is composed of the middle part 10 and two end parts 11. The middle part 10 is made of two inclined sheets 12 constituting the longitudinal ridge and the inner surface of the discharge hoppers 5. The middle part 10 is connected by inclined transverse sheets 13 and plates 14 with end parts 11 the central beam 7. In this case, the longitudinal ridge together with the transverse sheets 13, the transverse ridge 16 and the outer sheets 15 form 4 discharge hoppers 5. Lining 14 connecting the middle 10 and the end 11 of the Central beam 7, in pairs form a ridge resting on the upper edge of the Z-shaped profile 17 of the end portion 11 of the central beam 7 with the middle part and connected to the lower shelves 18 of the Z-shaped profile by means of strips 19. In this case, each plate is made trapezoidal, one of which has inclined edges (20 ) is welded to the support diaphragm 21, and the other (22) is docked with the top sheet 23 of the pivot beam 9. On the outer sheets 15 by means of the lower strapping 24 the posts 25 of the side walls 26 are fixed, forming together with the end walls 27 the body 1 of the car - x ppera. Racks 25 are made of a corner profile, with both shelves connected to a plate 28, attached to the casing 29. At the same time, stiffeners 30 are made on the tops of the corner profiles of the racks 25 located along the transverse axis of the hopper car. The latter are made of rolled sheet metal with length variable width and mounted on racks 25 taking into account the direction of perceived load. The stiffening ribs 30 in the upper part are connected by a connection 31 made in the form of a pipe with plugged ends 32. The body 1 of the hopper car is connected by an upper strapping 33, which is made of a corner profile, the shelf 34 of which connects the struts 25 of the side walls 26, and the shelf 35 is fixed to sheathing 29. Shelves 34 and 35 are connected by a strip 36, protruding beyond the upper trim 33 and serving as a limiter for horizontal movement of the roof 4, at the same time forming a gap "H" with its covering part.

According to the second aspect of the claimed group of inventions, the retractable roof 4 of the hopper car consists of two half-roofs 37 and 38, which can be moved apart in different directions relative to the longitudinal axis of the hopper-car and release the loading opening 39. The half-roofs when closed form a labyrinth seal 40 between themselves. Half-roofs 37 and 38 are mounted on rollers 41, which, when opened, move along the guides 42 and 43, while the guides 42 for the half-roof rollers 38 forming the lower part of the labyrinth seal 40 are mounted above the guides 43 for faces half roof 37, forming the upper part of the labyrinth seal. At the same time, both half-roofs are opened by means of a lever mechanism including a drive 44 connected to a drive rod 45, interacting with the driven shoulder of the rocker arm 46, rigidly mounted on the support shaft 47. The rocker arm 46 is provided with two leading arms, one of which (48) is articulated connected to the half-roof 38, and the other (49) with a connecting rod 50, interacting with the beam 51 of the half-roof 37.

The drive 44 includes a drive shaft 52, on which a drive lever 53 rigidly attached to the drive rod 45 is rigidly fixed, and a locking and sealing device made in the form of a rotary lock 54 provided with a strap 55 with an opening. The butterfly valve 54 is mounted for rotation and longitudinal movement at an angle 56 with a fixed stop 57 and a bar 58 with a hole.

Opening the sliding roof is as follows. In the closed position of the roof, the opening of the strip 58 of the corner 56 is aligned with the hole of the strip 55 of the rotary shutter 54 and sealed with a wire passed through them. The rotary shutter 54 is engaged with the actuator lever 53. To open, the locking and sealing device is sealed, the shutter 54 is rotated 90 ° clockwise and it is moved towards it until it stops 57, thereby disengaging it from the actuator lever 53. Then rotate the drive shaft 52 counterclockwise by 90 ° (until it stops) with a crowbar. In this case, the articulated drive rod 45 rotates the rocker arms 46 and 51 mounted on the support shafts 47, opening the half roofs 37 and 38. The half roofs move on the rollers 41 along the guides 42 and 43. The half roof is closed in the reverse order.

The technical result from the use of the claimed group of inventions is:

- In the first aspect:

The execution of the middle part of the central beam of the body frame from inclined sheets that make up the longitudinal ridge and the inner surface of the unloading bins, allowed us to create a simple design that eliminates the use of special profiles.

Installation of plates connecting the middle and end parts of the central beam, made with two inclined faces, one of which is welded to the supporting diaphragm of the transverse sheet of the discharge hopper, and the other is joined to the upper sheet of the pivot beam, forming a ridge resting on the upper faces and lower shelves of the zeta profile end part, allowed to distribute the load between the pivot and spinal beams of the end part.

The manufacture of racks from a corner profile, with both shelves connected to a plate attached to the sheath with stiffening ribs on racks located along the transverse axis of the hopper, mounted on the tops of the corner profiles of the racks and made of variable-width rolled metal, connected at the top parts of the connection from the pipe with rounded ends, provides a reduction in the mass of the structure while maintaining reliability, which leads to lower material consumption of the entire hopper car.

The manufacture of the upper body harness from the corner and strip profiles with the formation of a protrusion in the upper part and a gap with the covering part of the half-roof made it possible to provide an emphasis when closing the half-roofs and air to enter the internal cavity of the body through the “N” gap when unloading without opening the sliding roof to avoid creating a vacuum , which speeds up the unloading process. Along with this, an increase in the share of using standard rolling profiles is ensured, which reduces the cost of production

- In the second aspect:

The creation of a sliding roof that can be opened using a single drive rod on different sides of the car made it possible to simplify the loading process of the hopper car using the operator’s work only on the transition area between the cars, which frees it from working on the car roof, thereby reducing the time required to maintain a rolling unit composition and increases the level of safety.

Ensuring the opening of the half-roofs along separate guides located at different heights allows you to create a labyrinth seal between the half-roofs without additional operations, which increases the safety of the transported cargo.

The implementation of the locking and sealing mechanism in the form of a rotary lock, which engages with the drive lever, equipped with a bar with a hole made coaxially with the hole in the angle of the stopper bracket, makes it easy to fix and seal the half-roof opening mechanism in the same place where they are opened.

Currently, the claimed design has developed technical documentation, made a prototype, undergoing comprehensive testing.

Claims (5)

1. A hopper car, comprising a body with unloading hatches and an unloading mechanism, consisting of end and side walls fixed to the frame using racks connected by means of racks connected to the running gears by means of a central composite beam made of end and pivot beams of a frame the upper harness made of rolling profiles, forming a closed loop in cross section, on which the roof is placed, which can be extended by means of a lever mechanism, characterized in that the middle part is central The first beam of the body frame is made of inclined sheets that make up the longitudinal ridge and the inner surface of the discharge hoppers, connected by an inclined transverse sheet and overlays to the end parts of the central beam and form the discharge hoppers together with the transverse ridge and the outer sheets on which the side walls are mounted by means of racks, made of a corner profile attached to both sheaths with a plate fixed to the sheath, while on racks located along the transverse axis of the body stiffeners connected in the upper part by a connection, and the upper sheathing of the side walls is made of a corner profile, one shelf of which connects the racks of the side walls and the other is fixed to the sheath, while both shelves are connected by a strip protruding in the upper part and forming a gap with the covering part half roofs. 2. The hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the plates connecting the central and end parts of the central beam is made trapezoidal, one of the inclined faces of which is welded to the supporting diaphragm of the transverse sheet of the discharge hopper, and the other is docked with the top sheet of the pivot shaft beams, while two installed overlays form a skate resting on the middle face of the zeta profile of the end part of the central beam, the lower part being connected to the lower shelves of the zeta profile by lanok. 3. The hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection connecting the stiffeners of the opposite side walls is made in the form of a pipe with plugged ends. 4. The hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the stiffeners are mounted on the tops of the corner profiles of the uprights and are made of variable-width rolled sheet metal. 5. Sliding roof, consisting of two half-roofs fixed to the supporting shafts, interconnected by means of a labyrinth seal, moving along the guides on the rollers and actuated by a lever mechanism containing a locking and sealing device, characterized in that both half-roofs are opened using a single drive rods pivotally connected through the beam with one half roof and by means of a connecting rod with the beam of the other half roof, while the guides for the rollers of one half roof are installed e guides polukryshi other rollers.

Images