RU2267916C2 - Method of forming sanitary and protective plantations for sanitation of air medium - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: methods for sanitation of air medium in human and animal habitat by creating aerophytotherapeutic complexes (modules) constituted from compositions of various plants selected depending upon set conditions for sanitation of air medium.

SUBSTANCE: method involves creating complexes which may use various kinds of ornamental, phytoncidal and aromatic plants, dust, gas, toxin, heavy metal accumulating plants, useful ion releasing plants, and noise-reducing plants. Method allows ecology of cities and towns to be improved by creating therapeutic gardens and parks, squares and avenues. Plant complexes may be used for planting of greenery on buildings including walls (vertical greening) and roofs. In particular, therapeutic grassplots may be provided with phytoncidal kinds of perennial grassy plants, which when mown together with meadow grasses ensure sanitation of air system.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in sanitation of air medium.

5 cl, 1 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The present invention relates to a method for the formation of sanitary-protective plantings for the improvement of the air environment based on the use of phytoncide and other beneficial properties of plants when landscaping megacities, other cities, towns or individual (local) habitats of humans and animals by selecting and planting plants in the open the ground.

In settlements, especially in large cities (megacities), the air environment contains a large number of microorganisms (pathogens) harmful to humans and pollutants due to the high population density and high concentration of means of production (technogenic load). These factors lead to the fact that significant amounts of pathogens (harmful microorganisms, fungi, viruses), dangerous impurities - chemical pollutants (toxins), as well as gas contamination, dustiness, and a deficiency of ions useful to humans can be found in the atmosphere of a settlement.

Therefore, in practice, the landscaping of human habitats by planting plants in open ground has long been used, such as: creating parks, forest parks, boulevards, squares in cities, creating lawns.

Green spaces not only contribute to improving the composition of the air we breathe, but also reducing the content of harmful substances in it, reducing gas contamination, dustiness, and enhancing ionization useful for humans.

However, to date, the beneficial properties of green spaces have been used incompletely.

It is known that many plants are capable of secreting volatile production - biologically active volatile substances such as terpenoids, essential oils, alcohols, acid aldehydes, etc. Among these plants, onions, garlic, essential oil plants, some types of coniferous and deciduous trees and shrubs are most well known. When creating forest park zones in green building, so far the ability of plants to secrete phytoncides has not been given sufficient attention with regard to improving the air environment as a whole, as well as the therapeutic effect on people (phytoncidotherapy).

The positive effect of various aromas on the psycho-emotional state of a person, as well as on his well-being and performance (aromatherapy), is also known. Although aromatherapy has been used since ancient times and is widely used for processing and purifying indoor air, nevertheless, the influence of plant aromas on the improvement of the air environment, especially in open ground, has not yet been given due importance.

Thus, the possibilities of improving the environment and especially air, i.e. plant-free medication is still not fully used. There is still a significant social social need for more effective ways to improve the environment, improve human and animal health, which would greatly compensate for the harmful effects of unwanted impurities contained in air - by-products of human production and activity, and technological loads.

The problem is solved by a method of improving the air environment in the habitat of humans and animals, providing for the planting of a complex of plants in the open ground to improve the composition of the air environment, the specified complex of plants being an aerophytotherapeutic complex, that is, a module comprising plants that have an aromatic and / or phytoncidal effect per person, expressed in improving their overall well-being and performance, giving the joy of life through their aesthetic impact Via (estetoterapiya).

The proposed method for the formation of sanitary-protective plantings for the improvement of the air environment includes the creation of aerophytotherapeutic complexes, which are compositions selected from specified conditions for the improvement of the air environment from decorative, phytoncide and aromatic plants, plants that store dust, gases, toxins, heavy metals that emit useful ions, moreover, these complexes are performed in the form of rehabilitation zones, parks (alleys), therapeutic lawns with volatile herbaceous plants, lawns are formed in the form of compositions of lawn grasses with linear or staggered placement of phytoncide herbaceous plants in them, and phytoncide grassy plants mow simultaneously with lawn grass.

Plants for aerophytotherapeutic complexes (modules) are selected taking into account the climatic zone of their growth, while for the southern regions of Russia it is preferable to use tree species such as palm trees, magnolia, figs, laurel, pittosporum, eucalyptus, oleander, such shrub species as myrtle, rosemary , agaves, aloe, and such herbaceous species as mint and thyme, lemon balm, ophiopogon, and for central Russia, tree species such as cypress trees of different species, ordinary oak, thuja (western and other species), viburnum l fluffy, ordinary spruce, white fir, Weimutova pine, European larch, small-leaved linden, birch, bird cherry, such shrubbery as boxwood evergreen, junipers of various types, lilacs of various species, and grassy such as anise, oregano, snakehead, catnip, lemon balm, mint.

Preferably, plants in phytocomplexes are selected for different flowering periods, especially in medicinal gardens and parks, continuous flowering squares, and for decorative qualities, preferably from the group consisting of red oak, blue spruce, maples with variegated leaves, thuja golden, forsythia, hydrangea, peonies .

Aerophytotherapeutic complexes can be located in the form of medical gardens and parks, squares and boulevards, during the reconstruction of old landings, in recreation areas, as well as in the form of phytocomplexes around buildings, vertical landscaping, as well as for landscaping roofs of buildings.

In an embodiment, aerophytotherapeutic complexes are located in agricultural production zones to improve the ecology of these zones and improve animal health.

As used herein, the expressions “aerophytotherapeutic modules” (or “phytocomplexes”) mean geographically limited plant complexes that provide a beneficial aerophytotherapeutic effect.

The size of these phytocomplexes or modules may vary significantly. The modules according to the invention can be divided into three groups - large phytocomplexes, medium modules and modules of small forms. Large phytocomplexes can be represented by medical gardens, parks, squares, and boulevards. Medium-sized aerophytotherapeutic modules will usually be landscaped areas in courtyards and in free areas of residential and industrial areas. Small form modules also have their advantages, because they do not require the allocation of separate territories for them, and can be built into existing lawns, parks, boulevards and architectural structures. Due to the small size, such modules can surround arbors, pergolas, fountains, and can also be located along the walls ("vertical" landscaping) and on the roofs of buildings.

Species of plants specially selected for aesthetic impact, original ornamental plants will have an additional aesthetic effect, and phytoncides of essential oil plants and other plants, penetrating through the alveoli of the lungs into the blood, will drastically (50-70%) reduce the incidence of acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, quickly restore a tired body, give vitality, performance, improve memory, sexual activity, facilitate the work of the respiratory system, improve blood circulation, digestion, relieve spastic conditions in pain stenocardia.

To improve the air environment, a special place is given to aerophytotherapeutic complexes in the form of therapeutic lawns, which provide for linear or checkerboard placement of phytoncide perennial herbaceous plants such as mint, lemon balm, oregano, thyme, etc. in the lawn after 3-5 m.

In this case, the mowing of these plants will be carried out simultaneously with the mowing of lawn grass, and in this case there will be an increased release of volatile volatile products.

According to our research, mint in the lawn provides a decrease in the content of pathogens in the air by 30%, and basil - up to 41%, whereas after mowing the lawns with mint and basil, the content of pathogens in the air decreases by 67% and 55%, respectively.

In addition, it should also be taken into account that even wounded tissue of phytoncide plants will secrete phytoncides for a long time after mowing them. Thus, mowed and wilted parts of phytoncid plants will have a healing effect on the air for a long time to come. Domestic use of small modules made up of dried flowers of such phytoncid plants as mint, lemon balm, snakehead, echinacea, etc. is also possible. Fresh phytoncide plants cut on lawns with phytomodules according to the invention can also be used in the interiors of rooms to improve the air environment inside buildings.

For open ground, we have selected the nomenclature of higher plants, including over 170 species, suitable for creating both individual and complex phytotherapeutic effect. This wide assortment can be used to improve the environment-forming phytotechnologies based on the aerophytotherapeutic complexes of the invention, to create medical gardens and parks, squares and boulevards in cities and towns, vertical landscaping of buildings and other architectural structures, and greening roofs of buildings.

it is particularly preferable to include plastic herbaceous essential oil plants, such as thyme (thyme), mint, oregano, lemon balm, catnip, etc., which have a sedative (sedative) and antispasmodic effect in the composition of the proposed health phytocomplexes.

It is clear that for this purpose not only herbaceous plants can be used in health phytocomplexes. The phytocomplex of the invention may also include shrub plants such as juniper, viburnum, bird cherry, and hawthorn.

Coniferous trees, such as spruce, pine, larch, fir, and deciduous trees, for example, maples, birch, oak, and linden, are preferred among woody species of highly phytoncid plants. Their volatile products will help reduce headaches, fatigue, improve well-being and mood. In addition, coniferous trees perfectly reduce air dust, delay noise in cities. In general, plants that release sticky substances effectively reduce dustiness, and such plants include not only conifers, but also some shrubs, such as lilacs, chokeberries.

Many of these plant species also improve the ionic composition of air.

Red maple, silver and American maple, prickly hawthorn, wrinkled rose, cotoneaster, etc. are distinguished by a high rate of accumulation of toxins.

North oak, balsamic and Canadian poplar, various types of bird cherry, horse chestnut, prickly spruce, western thuja, larch, fir, etc. are resistant to anthropogenic load.

The All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR) has a large gene pool of phytoncid plants on the basis of Russia's only botanical garden of medicinal and aromatic plants and a laboratory of experimental botany and genetics.

Together with VILAR companies, it develops standard and individual aerophytotherapeutic modules for various purposes for open and closed ground in order to improve the human environment.

Below are examples that illustrate some preferred, but not limiting the invention, options for its implementation, using various combinations of plants that provide herbal medicine, aesthetic and other beneficial effects.

Example 1

Aerophytotherapeutic module for the southern regions of Russia (Here and in the following examples, the percentages of reduction in the content of microorganisms harmful to humans in the air are indicated in parentheses.)

In the background of the module, large background plants are placed - large-flowered magnolia (50%), ordinary figs (40%), somewhat ahead of the background plants are medium-sized plants - noble laurel (33%), Tobira pittosporum (45%), ordinary oleander (51 %), shrubbery - ordinary myrtle (50%), medicinal rosemary (38%), agave group (30%), medicinal lawn with mint (67% after mowing) and off-road driving along the edges of the lawn (38%).

Example 2

Aerophytotherapeutic module for the middle zone of Russia

Pyramid-shaped evergreen cypress (44%), thawed western (67%), laurel-leaved viburnum (24%) are placed in the background, and horizontal evergreen cypress (56%), evergreen boxwood (50%) with medicinal lawn are placed on their background with basil (55%).

Example 3

Aerofitotherapeutic module of targeted action for the middle zone of Russia (to reduce viral infectious diseases)

The composition of this module: common spruce, white fir, Weimutova pine, European larch, small-leaved linden. The experiment established the inhibition of influenza A virus up to 45%.

Example 4

Aerophytotherapeutic module for the southern zone of Russia

This module is active against major pathogens. Used plants and percent reduction in the content of microorganisms in the air are shown in the table.

Table (Percentage indicates a decrease in pathogenic microorganisms in the experiment) Name of plant species Staphylo-
coccus aureus Staphylo-
coccus saprophy-
ticus Sarcina lutea Esherichia coli Klebsiela pneumoniae Lemon cattle 48.4% 38.7% - - 36.6% Guelder-rose 14.0% - 30.0% 50.0% 45.0-73.0% Laurel noble 30.0% - - 20.0% - Rosemary officinalis 20-30% 60.0% 30-60% 25.0% Strepto-
coccus sp. 80.0% Myrtle ordinary 26.0% 22.0% 30.0% Micro-
coccus roseus 50.0% Bacillus aglonuratus 40.0%

Example 5

Aerophytotherapeutic module for the middle zone of Russia (with antifungal effect)

According to example 2, but with the inclusion of Siberian fir. It has been established that Siberian fir phytoncides are fatal to fungi. Thus, the number of Fusarium species in the experiment is reduced by 40%, Aster noria species by 23%, Penicillium - by 24%.

Claims (5)

1. A method of forming sanitary-protective plantations for improving the air environment, including the creation of aerophytotherapeutic complexes, which are compositions of decorative, phytoncide and aromatic plants, plants that store dust, gases, toxins, heavy metals that are useful ions, and these complexes are performed in the form of rehabilitation zones, parks (alleys), therapeutic lawns with volatile herbaceous plants, characterized in that Curative lawns are formed in the form of compositions of lawn grasses with linear or staggered placement of phytoncide herbaceous plants in them, and phytoncide grassy plants mow simultaneously with lawn grass. 2. The method according to claim 1, in which plants for aerophytotherapeutic complexes (modules) are selected taking into account the climatic zone of their growth, while for the southern regions of Russia use tree species such as palm trees, magnolia, figs, laurel, pittosporum, eucalyptus, oleander , such as shrub species such as myrtle, rosemary, agave, aloe, and such herbaceous species as mint and thyme, lemon balm, and ophiopogon, and for central Russia they use tree species such as cypress trees of different species, ordinary oak, thuja (western and other species), viburnum laurel Norway spruce, ordinary spruce, white fir, Weymouth pine, European larch, small-leaved linden, hanging birch, bird cherry, such as shrubs such as evergreen boxwood, junipers of various species, lilacs of various species, and grassy such as anise, oregano, snakehead, catnip, lemon balm, mint. 3. The method according to claim 1, in which plants in phytocomplexes are selected for different flowering periods, especially in medical gardens and parks, squares of continuous flowering, and for decorative qualities, preferably from the group comprising red oak, blue spruce, maples with variegated leaves, thuja golden, forsythia, hydrangea, peonies. 4. The method according to claim 1, in which aerophytotherapy complexes are located in the form of medical gardens and parks, squares and boulevards, during the reconstruction of old landings, in recreation areas, as well as in the form of phytocomplexes around buildings, vertical landscaping, as well as for greening roofs . 5. The method according to claim 1, in which aerophytotherapeutic complexes are located in agricultural production zones to improve the ecology of these zones and improve animal health.