RU2261594C1 - Method for reproducing crustaceans (king crab) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pisciculture.

SUBSTANCE: the present innovation deals with fishing roe-bearing females, their transportation, keeping them in closed system of water reservoirs under optimal conditions before larvae appearance followed by growing larvae, glaucotoe and fry of stage I. Larvae growing should be performed in reservoirs of vertical conic type at lower water supply in ascending flow at water expenses of not less than 4.8-9.6 l/h/1000 larvae and at special feeding. Glaucotoe growing should be performed at water expenses of not less than 9.6-19.2 l/h and at endogenic nutrition, and fry growing of stage I - at water expenses of not less than 48 l/h in reservoirs of horizontal type. The present innovation provides optimization of fry keeping and decreased fodder expenses.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of reproduction.

1 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to fisheries, in particular, can be used in the field of industrial aquaculture in the reproduction of marine crustaceans. Lithodes, Order Decapoda, Suborder Anomura, fam. Lithodidae, genus Paralithodes, Paralithodes camtschaticus.

A known method of keeping Kamchatka crab in aquarium conditions (Zubkova N.A., 1964. Experience in keeping Kamchatka crab in an aquarium. Trudy Murm. Marine biol. In-vol. 5 (9), pp. 105-113), the purpose of which was to study the fundamental possibility of keeping females in the aquarium, monitoring their nutrition and development of eggs, breeding larvae and obtaining data on their first life stages.

Of the twelve females, seven individuals died during the year. Their death is caused by adverse environmental conditions in the aquarium. Due to the limited area and insufficient water exchange, saprolegniosis developed, which led to the death of 90% of the eggs in the remaining females. From the remaining eggs of the surviving females, hatching of larvae was noted.

Hatching extension (66 days) is too great, which leads to a large scatter of larvae by age and to increased cannibalism.

The feeding of hatched larvae began 3-4 days after hatching. The absence of a food source at the very beginning of ontogenetic development determined high mortality even at the first stage of development.

The lack of control and regulation of environmental parameters, differentiated feeding, depending on the needs of the larvae at each stage of development, is the cause of high mortality.

A known method of reproduction of crabs (options). The essence of the method lies in the fact that the collection of crab larvae is carried out on collectors, on collector-cage systems, or on cages, which are exposed to depths of 5-150 m in sea areas with a water temperature of not higher than 18 ° C, salinity not lower than 28%, the content of dissolved oxygen in water is not less than 5 mg / l. Growing fry is from 4 months to 3 years (RF patent No. 2174750, A 01 K 61/00, Bull. No. 29, 2001).

The disadvantage of this method is that reproduction is carried out in vivo without strict control and the ability to optimize the environmental conditions and feeding regime, which ultimately determines the survival of the larvae.

There is a known method of keeping Kamchatka crab using sea water in Aquatron-type apparatuses from embryonic stages of development to fry, mainly related to temperature control (Kovacheva NP, 2000. Reproduction of Kamchatka crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) using artificial sea water in apparatuses of the type “Aquatron. Fisheries: Ser. Marikultura, analytical and abstract. inform. / VNIERH, issue 4, pp. 14-26).

The author noted that the creation of optimal temperature conditions (7-8 ° C) when growing larvae in circulating systems, can significantly reduce the duration of the larval period of development. When moving from one larval stage to another, the waste amounted to about 10%. At the glaucoma stage, the temperature was increased to 10 ° C and maintained until the end of the experiment. Survival approximately corresponded to the value of this indicator for the Kamchatka crab grown on natural sea water. The nauplii of the gill-footed crustacean Artemia salina were used as food.

During the juvenile developmental stage, crabs were fed mollusks, squid, crushed and nauplii artemia.

In this work, the conditions of water exchange, feeding, feed composition and diets at different stages of development are not presented, which ultimately significantly affects survival.

There is a well-known biotechnology for obtaining planting material for Kamchatka crab in a pilot plant (Stepanov, Smirnov, 1999). This circulation installation allows you to control and maintain the specified parameters of the environment (illumination, temperature, salinity, oxygen content, pH, redox potential) (Stepanov D.N., Smirnov B.P., Pilot installation for receiving planting material for Kamchatka crab. / Fish economy: Serov Aquaculture: Information package "Aquaculture: problems and achievements" / VNIERH, issue 2. - S.10-14).

The disadvantage of this development is that the installation did not pass testing with obtaining larvae and juveniles to viable stages. Of the 3 Kamchatka crab females delivered from Vladivostok in April 1998, one female dropped eggs during transportation, while the other two showed abortive hatching of larvae that died within 3-4 days a day after delivery. The proposed biotechnology has several disadvantages: the conditions and optimal feeding conditions for each stage of development have not been worked out. The planting density proposed by the authors, 100 pcs / l, has not been verified and does not meet the biological characteristics of the larvae (cannibalism is highly developed). The required level of water exchange in tanks at different stages of the maintenance of hydrobionts has not been worked out.

The closest solution to the claimed invention is a method of reproducing crustaceans using a closed water supply system and regulated living conditions of aquatic organisms includes delivery and overexposure of females with eggs at the last embryonic stage (5-10 days before hatching of larvae) to the spawning site, spawning, growing larvae (4 stages) and glaucoma to viable fry of the first stage with subsequent release into the sea (RF patent No. 2200386, A 01 K 61/00, Bull. No. 8, 2001).

The proposed method has some disadvantages. Larvae are grown in horizontal aquariums and pools, where at relatively low flow rates of the supplied water it is difficult to ensure uniform distribution over the entire volume of the tank. This leads to the formation of stagnant zones in which the fed Artemia nauplii, the larvae of the grown crustaceans, and other suspensions settle. There is an uneven distribution of fodder organisms and farmed larvae, excessive accumulation of contaminants, as a result - a deterioration in environmental conditions.

The costs of the supplied water proposed by the author at all stages of the maintenance of hydrobionts do not take into account the possibility of using different volumes of crab-breeding tanks and are not related to the number of objects contained in them, which complicates the industrial use of the invention.

The used rations for feeding the larvae at each stage of development are somewhat overestimated, which entails excessive pollution of the circulating water and an excessive consumption of live food 1.3 times. In addition, they do not take into account the required concentration of food organisms, which must be created in the volume of cultivation to ensure the necessary access to them of crustacean larvae.

Despite the transition of glaucomotoe to an endogenous form of nutrition, the method involves feeding individuals with artemia nauplii, which is not required. This leads to unproductive waste of live feed and increased pollution of the circulating water.

The technical task of the claimed invention is to improve the technology of reproduction and growing Kamchatka crab by optimizing the conditions of juvenile and reduce feed costs.

The problem is solved by the method of reproduction of crustaceans (Kamchatka crab), including the capture of eggs of females, their transportation, keeping in a closed system of water use under optimal conditions until hatching of the larvae and the subsequent cultivation of larvae, glaucothae and fry of the first stage, while the larvae are grown in containers of a vertical conical type with a lower flow of water in an upward flow, with a flow rate of at least 4.8-9.6 l / h per 1000 pcs. and feeding nauplii of brine shrimp, glaucomotoe - at a water flow rate of at least 9.6-19.2 l / h and with endogenous nutrition, and fry of the first stage - at a water flow rate of at least 48 l / h in horizontal containers.

In addition, when feeding the larvae, the daily number of Artemia nauplii is established depending on the larval stage, starting from 11 pcs / spec. at the 1st stage, 23 pcs / copy at 2 stages, 31 pcs / copy. at 3 stages and 40 pcs / copy. at 4 stages, while creating their concentration in the tank of at least 400-600 pcs / l at stages 1 and 2 and at least 800-1200 pcs / l at stages 3 and 4.

It is well known that, due to the negative impact of the complex of anthropogenic factors, the current state of the natural populations of Kamchatka crab is in critical condition. The restoration, maintenance and enhancement of stocks of the Kamchatka crab can be achieved through large-scale artificial reproduction.

The need to develop technology for its artificial reproduction and cultivation is obvious.

Biotechnology for obtaining larvae and their maintenance in pools with optimal controlled conditions increases the efficiency of reproduction compared to natural by an order of magnitude or more.

Optimization of the maintenance regime is achieved by growing larvae and glaucothae in vertical-type containers with a conical bottom with an upward flow of water. This ensures a uniform distribution of the incoming water flow, and therefore of feed organisms and larvae in the entire volume, helps to maintain the larvae in suspension (which corresponds to their natural pelagic way of life), eliminates the formation of dead zones in the tank and ensures timely removal of contaminants. At the same time, the flow rate of water supplied to the tank corresponds to the number of larvae present in them and is at least 4.8–9.6 l / h per 1000 individuals and glaucothae — at least 9.6–19.2 l / h per 1000 individuals .

The larvae are fed in accordance with their need at each developmental stage in the following quantities:

- at the first stage (zoea I) - 11 pcs / copy. per day;

- in the second stage (zoea II) - 23 pcs / copy. per day;

- in the third stage (zoea III) - 31 pcs / copy. per day;

- at the fourth stage (zoea IV) - 40 pcs. / copy. per day, which reduces the consumption of live feed and water pollution compared to the prototype by 30%, and the concentration of Artemia nauplii in the aquatic environment is sufficient and provides the possibility of their easy capture by larvae and is at least 400 in the first and second stages (zoea I and II) -600 pcs / l, and in the third and fourth stages (zoea III and IV) not less than 800-1200 pcs / l.

After the passage of larvae to the stage of glaucothoea, in which endogenous nutrition was observed throughout the stage, their feeding is completely stopped, which helps to reduce pollution of the circulating water, a significant reduction in labor costs and the consumption of live feed by at least 10% compared with the known analogues.

The glaucothae that have settled on a pre-introduced substrate are transferred to containers with a flat bottom, as they pass to the bottom lifestyle, where they are grown until the first fry stage is completed. At the same time, the flow rate of the supplied water should be at least 48 l / h per 1000 farmed individuals.

At the end of the first stage, fry are released into the sea.

The proposed method of reproduction and its biotechnology for the production of king crab fry on an industrial scale can reduce labor costs and consumption of live feed by 40% compared with known analogues.

Examples of the method.

Example 1. The method of reproduction of crustaceans (Kamchatka crab) is carried out by catching caviar females from a natural reservoir. Females are transported to the crustacean reproduction workshop, where they are placed in pools with a closed water use system under optimal conditions until the larvae hatch. After hatching, the larvae are transferred to a vertical cone type tank with a lower water supply and an upward flow, and grown at a flow rate of at least 4.8 l / h per 1000 pcs. and nauplii feeding artemia.

When feeding the larvae, the daily number of Artemia nauplii is established depending on the larval stage, starting from 11 pcs / spec. at the 1st stage, 23 pcs / copy at 2 stages, 31 pcs / copy. at 3 stages and 40 pcs / copy. at 4 stages, while creating their concentration in the tank of at least 400 pcs / l at stages 1 and 2 and at least 800 pcs / l at stages 3 and 4.

Glaukotoe - at a flow rate of at least 9.6 l / h per 1000 pcs. and with endogenous nutrition, and fry of the first stage - with a water flow rate of at least 48 l / h per 1000 pcs. in tanks of horizontal type.

Example 2. The method of reproduction of crustaceans (Kamchatka crab) is carried out by catching caviar females from a natural reservoir. Females are transported to the crustacean reproduction workshop, where they are placed in pools with a closed water use system under optimal conditions until the larvae hatch. After hatching, the larvae are transferred to a vertical cone type tank with a lower water supply and an upward flow, and grown at a water flow rate of at least 9.6 l / h per 1000 pcs. and nauplii feeding artemia.

When feeding the larvae, the daily number of Artemia nauplii is established depending on the larval stage, starting from 11 pcs / spec. at the 1st stage, 23 pcs / copy at 2 stages, 31 pcs / copy. at 3 stages and 40 pcs / copy. at 4 stages, while creating their concentration in the tank of at least 600 pcs / l at stages 1 and 2 and at least 1200 pcs / l at stages 3 and 4.

Glaukotoe - at a flow rate of at least 19.2 l / h per 1000 pcs. and with endogenous nutrition, and fry of the first stage - with a water flow rate of at least 48 l / h per 1000 pcs. in tanks of horizontal type.

Claims (2)

1. A method for reproducing crustaceans (Kamchatka crab), including catching eggs of females, their transportation, keeping in a closed system of water use under optimal conditions until hatching of the larvae and subsequent rearing of larvae, glaucotoe and fry of the first stage, characterized in that the larvae are grown in vertical containers cone type with lower water supply in the upward flow, with a water flow rate of at least 4.8-9.6 l / h per 1000 pcs. and feeding nauplii of brine shrimp, glaucomotoe - at a water flow rate of at least 9.6-19.2 l / h and with endogenous nutrition, and fry of the first stage - at a water flow rate of at least 48 l / h in horizontal containers. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when feeding the larvae, the daily amount of Artemia nauplii is set depending on the larval stage, starting from 11 pcs / spec. at the 1st stage, 23 pcs / copy at 2 stages, 31 pcs / copy. at 3 stages and 40 pcs / copy. at 4 stages, while creating their concentration in the tank of at least 400-600 pcs / l at stages 1 and 2 and at least 800-1200 pcs / l at stages 3 and 4.