RU2256689C1 - Installation of hydrocarbon raw materials pyrolysis - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: thermal treatment of hydrocarbon raw materials.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of thermal treatment of hydrocarbon raw materials. The installation of hydrocarbon raw materials pyrolysis contains the first thermal reactor with the a located inside it a gas bleeder-heater and an outlet gas pipe. In the zone of outlet of the thermal reactor there is a layer of active coal, into which the gas bleeder-heater connected to the internal space of the thermal reactor is dipped. In series with the first thermal reactor at least one more thermal reactor is installed. The outlet gas-pipe of each previous thermal reactor, except for the last, is connected to the internal space of the following thermal reactor through a three-way valve, and the outlet gas-pipe of he last thermal reactor also through the three-way valve is connected to the internal space of the first thermal reactor. The technical result is provision of continuous process of hydrocarbon raw materials reprocessing into a fuel gas, simplification of the design due to exclusion of additional means of purification, drying and cooling of the fuel gas.

EFFECT: the invention ensures continuous process of hydrocarbon raw materials reprocessing into a fuel gas, simplification of the design due to exclusion of additional means of purification, drying and cooling of the fuel gas.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the thermal processing of hydrocarbons.

A known installation for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon waste containing a thermoreactor with indirect heating, a system for removing pyrolysis gases, including a condenser, as well as a system for removing flue gases with a cleaning system. Moreover, the system for removing pyrolysis gases sequentially behind a condenser made in the form of a refrigerator with running water includes a liquid sedimentation tank, a water trap with a catalyst, a water trap measuring with a catalyst, and a hydraulic filter connected to an electrostatic precipitator is included in the flue gas removal system, while liquid hydrocarbon receivers water traps and a hydraulic filter, as well as a receiver of liquid sediment of the sump, are connected through pumps to the corresponding nozzles located in the thermoset, in which electric direct heating heater (see US Pat. RF No. 2168676, F 23 G 5/027, claimed 18.06.99, published 10.06.2001).

The disadvantages of the installation are the presence of emissions into the atmosphere, the complexity of the design and the lack of efficiency of the pyrolysis process, due to the fact that the pyrolysis gas is not completely restored, leaving through the flue.

The closest to the proposed set of essential features and selected for the prototype is a plant for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon waste containing a thermoreactor with an electric heater located inside it and a pyrolysis gas exhaust system including a condenser. The electric heater is configured to form a coal sediment around it during pyrolysis, filtering the pyrolysis gas formed in the reactor and with an internal cavity in communication with the internal volume of the thermoreactor and with the pyrolysis gas removal system, and with the internal volume of the thermoreactor, this internal cavity is communicated through a gas reception slot (see patent No. 2225573, class F 23 G 5/027, filed July 29, 2002, published March 10, 2004).

The disadvantage of the prototype device is the need to dry the outgoing fuel gas, filtering it, i.e. separation of heavy fractions from it, contamination of the internal surfaces of the flues and their clogging by heavy fractions deposited from gas, as well as the need to interrupt the processing process for loading raw materials.

To eliminate these drawbacks, a hydrocarbon raw material pyrolysis unit is proposed that contains a first thermoreactor with a gas exhaust heater located inside it and an outlet gas duct, and in the zone of the thermoreactor exit there is a layer of activated carbon, into which the gas exhaust heater is connected, which is connected to the internal volume of the thermoreactor, while at least one more thermoreactor is installed with the first thermoreactor, while the outlet gas duct of each previous thermoreactor, except the last, is connected to the internal volume of the subsequent one through the three-way valve, and the outlet gas duct of the last thermoreactor is also connected through the three-way valve to the internal volume of the first thermoreactor.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically depicts the inventive installation.

The hydrocarbon pyrolysis unit consists of thermoreactors No. 1, No. 2, etc. No. N, containing a hermetically sealed housing 1, inside which there is a zone 2 of loading hydrocarbon raw materials. Under the loaded mass there is a layer 3 of finely dispersed activated carbon, into which a gas-heater 4 is immersed, connected to the loading zone of the subsequent thermoreactor through a gas duct 5 and a three-way valve 6. The outlet gas duct of the last thermoreactor through a three-way valve 7 is connected to the loading zone of thermoreactor No. 1.

Installation works as follows. Hydrocarbon feed is loaded into the reactor vessels No. 1, No. 2, ... No. N, the internal volumes of which are then sealed. Using a heater 4, the feedstock in reactor No. 1 is heated to the temperature necessary for the pyrolysis process. In this case, fuel gas is generated, which passes through the activated carbon layer 3, gas outlet 4 and through the gas duct 5, through the three-way valve 6 enters the next reactor No. 2, where it again passes through the loading layer and active carbon, cooling, cleaning and drying. In this way, several thermoreactors can be connected in series, which contributes to better cleaning and cooling of the fuel gas. Three-way valves 6, 7 have two positions. In the first position of the valve 6, the outlet gas duct 5 connects the gas outlet-heater 4 of the first thermoreactor with the internal volume of the second thermoreactor, and the valve 7 in the first position connects the gas-heater of the last thermoreactor with the internal volume of the first thermoreactor. In the second position of these valves, the flue 5 connects respectively the gas outlet-heater 4 and the gas-outlet-heater of the last thermoreactor with an external consumer (burner, storage tank, etc.). During operation of the installation, all three-way valves, except valve 7, are set to the first position, and valve 7 to the second position. At the end of processing in reactor No. 1, its heater is turned off, valve 7 is transferred to the first position, and valve 6 to the second. They turn on the power of the heater of the second thermoreactor and produce further processing of raw materials. Reactor No. 1 is loaded with a new portion of hydrocarbon feed. And so on. As a result, a continuous process of processing hydrocarbon feedstock into fuel gas is carried out.

Thus, the inventive installation in comparison with the prototype allows you to make the process of processing hydrocarbon raw materials continuous. The series connection of several thermoreactors with short flues allows avoiding the settling of heavy fractions from fuel gas on the internal surfaces of gas pipelines, and avoiding clogging, i.e. receive better, purified, cooled, drained fuel gas. Installation is simpler than a prototype because it was performed without the use of additional technical means of cleaning, drying and cooling (additional filters, dehumidifiers, condensers, sumps, bubblers, pumps and nozzles).

Claims (1)

A hydrocarbon feed pyrolysis installation, comprising a first thermoreactor with a gas exhaust heater located inside it and an exhaust gas duct, characterized in that a layer of activated carbon is located in the outlet zone of the thermoreactor, into which the gas exhaust heater is connected, connected to the internal volume of the thermoreactor, and in series with the first thermoreactor at least one more thermoreactor is installed, while the outlet gas duct of each previous thermoreactor, except the last, is connected to the internal volume of the subsequent without a three-way valve, and the outlet gas duct of the last thermoreactor is also connected through the three-way valve to the internal volume of the first thermoreactor.