RU2255967C1 - Installation for water and fuel extraction from spent motor oil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine-building, automotive, and oil refining industries, rail transport, and agricultural sector.

SUBSTANCE: proposed installation has heat-insulating evaporator incorporating spent motor oil feeders and dewatered motor oil outlet pipe; condenser connected to evaporator and to vacuum pump; heater; tandem-connected transfer pump and heater communicating with spent motor oil feeder; installation also has tank holding original spent motor oil whose space communicates with suction pipe of gear-type transfer pump and through heated barometer tube, with dewatered motor oil outlet pipe; heater is made in the form of steam jacket of original spent motor oil tank; reheater is made in the form of tubular heat exchanger whose tube space communicates with delivery pipe of gear-type pump and tube-to-tube space, with heating steam supply; evaporator is made in the form of horizontal heated cylinder accommodating at its ends spent motor oil feeders in the form of nozzles with filtering barriers at inlet; disposed in central part of evaporator space against nozzles are oil jet deflectors whose concave surface faces nozzles; bottom part of evaporator is provided with dewatered motor oil collector provided with its outlet pipe and heated tube disposed between jet deflectors; upper end of heated tube carries oil spray trap and its bottom end is joined to condenser case enclosed by cooling jacket and accommodating cooling coil that passes through its interior along condenser axis cooling medium discharge pipe; condensed water outlet pipe running from condenser is connected to this water collecting tank communicating with vacuum pump; installation is also provided with additional heat-insulated and heated evaporator, condenser, heater, reheater, gear-type and vacuum pumps, and heated barometer tube, which are physically identical to main evaporator, condenser, heater, reheater, gear-type and vacuum pumps, heated barometer tube, and tank for collecting fuel-containing dewatered motor oil that communicates with original spent motor oil pipeline connected to delivery pipe of main gear-type pump; additional heater is made in the form of steam jacket of fuel-containing dewatered motor oil tank whose space communicates with suction pipe of additional gear-type pump; tube space of additional heater communicates with delivery pipe of additional gear-type pump and with nozzles of additional evaporator whose collector is designed to accumulate clean motor oil; additional heated barometer tube is connected to pipe delivering clean motor oil from collector and to fuel-containing dewatered oil tank; pipe designed for discharging condensed fuel from additional condenser communicates with oil collecting tank communicating with additional vacuum pump.

EFFECT: enhanced degree of cleaning spent motor oil from water and fuel; enhanced safety and economic efficiency of process.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of purification of hydrocarbon oils, namely to the purification of used engine oil, and can be widely used in the engineering, automotive, chemical, oil refining industries, in the railway transport and in the agro-industrial complex, i.e. where lubricants are used oils.

Spent engine oils in their characteristics pose a significant environmental hazard to the environment: they are toxic, carcinogenic, and radioactive. It’s impossible to simply bury them or burn them during disposal. toxic compounds from used oil accumulate in the ground, pollute water and the atmosphere (only 1 liter of used oil pollutes about 7 million liters of water).

At the same time, used oils are raw materials for the production of secondary products used in the national economy. In this regard, the regeneration of waste oil, performed taking into account the environmental requirements and technical characteristics of the used oil, rightfully becomes one of the best ways to dispose of it.

Providing an increase in local oil production resources, it protects the environment from pollution, solving technical, environmental and economic problems.

Complete regeneration of used oil includes physical, chemical and physico-chemical refining methods. Each of these methods has the goal of removing any type of contamination: mechanical impurities (dust, sand, metal particles), water, light and heavy hydrocarbon fractions, tar asphaltic and coke-like substances, oil aging products and the spent mass of additives added to oil technique.

This application proposes a technical solution as an invention relating to the purification of used engine oil from water and fuel (light oil fractions), although prior to this, preliminary cleaning of mechanical impurities by water washing, settling, filtering, mechanical and centrifugal separation, processing in electric or vibration fields.

The removal of water and fuel from used engine oil is carried out mainly by evaporation followed by condensation of water vapor and fuel. The success of cleaning depends on what technology and equipment that implements it is involved in the cleaning of used engine oil. And, first of all, in this process, the optimal real parameters — temperature and pressure — must be determined, the observance and maintenance of which corresponds to the apparatus of the unit for cleaning used engine oil.

To evaluate the benefits of the invention by a patent examination, we analyze the known prior art solutions for cleaning used engine oil from water and fuel.

The known RTM-200 vacuum installation, in which distillation oil is used for dehydration of oil (see Shashkin PI, Bry IV. Regeneration of used petroleum oils. Khimiya Publishing House, Moscow, 1970, pp. 166-170) cube in the form of a thermally insulated horizontal cylindrical tank. At the ends of the tank there are spray nozzles for used oil. At the bottom of the tank is a collection box for dehydrated oil. The capacity is connected to a gear pump, a refrigerator and a vacuum pump. The installation has an electric furnace for heating the oil before it is sent to a distillation cube for drying. To carry out vacuum drying, the cube is preheated to a temperature of 70 ° C, and a residual pressure of 160-110 mm Hg is created in the distillation cube with a vacuum pump.

Under a pressure of 10 kg / cm ^2, oil heated to 70 ° C is supplied from an electric furnace by a gear pump to nozzles for spraying. Upon impact, the oil particles “break up to a foggy state, which dramatically increases the evaporation surface and improves the moisture removal conditions”. Water vapor from the cube is sent by a vacuum pump to the refrigerator located above the distillation cube, from where the condensate of water flows into the collector under the condenser, and the dehydrated oil is pumped to the oil pan by the gear pump. In addition, the installation specifically provides for air supply through the oil sump using a needle valve to increase the volatility of the vaporized medium.

Analysis of the design and operation of the installation showed that this technical solution cannot be used to clean spent engine oil from water and fuel due to the following disadvantages:

1. The installation of nozzles in the end walls of the distant cube causes a very enhanced dispersion of the used oil - “to a foggy state”, which can lead to the vacuum pump drawing the smallest particles of oil into the pipeline, and then into the condenser, into which only steam from the evaporator should enter ( distant cube). Thus, condensed water will be significantly contaminated with oil, and therefore additional purification is required.

2. The location of the condenser above the evaporator and even at a distance of the pipeline can lead to premature condensation of steam already in the pipeline and water flowing back into the evaporator, which leads to a decrease in the degree of oil purification and the need for its repeated cleaning.

3. The use of a known installation for cleaning used engine oil is unacceptable due to the fact that it contains an electric furnace for heating the oil before being fed to the evaporator, and the fuel contained in the oil can ignite and cause a fire at the installation.

4. Air supply with a needle valve to the distillation cube (evaporator) with preliminary passage through a layer of oil in the reservoir will undoubtedly cause oil splashes, which will increase the likelihood of additional vapor trapping particles of already dried (dehydrated) oil. In addition, the introduction of additional air into the evaporator will introduce unwanted changes in the condensation mode under vacuum.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed installation is the installation for the purification of used oil from light fractions and water, adopted as a prototype (see RF application No. 93007035/04, class G 10031/06, 1993, 1995 publication).

The installation (in the application, the system) contains a thermally insulated evaporator (in the prototype a thermally insulated tank) with a device for supplying used engine oil (in the prototype with a nozzle) connected to a source of chemically inactive gas, a gas distribution grill in its lower part (tank), a refrigerator a condenser connected to a thermally insulated tank in its upper part, a heater, a pump and a superheater connected in series, as well as a vacuum separator connected in series with a refrigerator-condenser mnym pump, wherein the heater is a thermally insulated container outlet in the bottom thereof, and a superheater located at the output of the thermally insulated container and interacts with a nozzle located on the inside wall of the container.

During the operation of the prototype installation, many of the disadvantages that are inherent in the installation — the analogue described earlier — are manifested.

The connection of the refrigerator-condenser “with a thermally insulated tank (evaporator) in its upper part” will determine under vacuum conditions:

- ablation of oil with steam, oil loss, the need for re-purification to obtain marketable secondary products;

- premature condensation of steam in the structures connecting the evaporator to the condenser, and therefore the condensed water flows back into the evaporator, i.e. in oil, which will necessitate re-purification or longer evaporation to obtain a salable secondary product;

- the supply through the gas distribution grid in the lower part of the evaporator of a chemically inactive gas or water vapor will violate the mode of both evaporation and condensation in a vacuum.

These shortcomings are deprived of the claimed installation for purification of used engine oil from water and fuel, during operation of which the expected result will be achieved in production - a high degree of purification of used engine oil from water and fuel in a safe and economical process.

The inventive installation, like the prototype, contains a thermally insulated evaporator, with used engine oil supply devices and a dehydrated oil supply pipe, a condenser connected to the evaporator, to which a vacuum pump, a heater, a transfer pump and a superheater connected to the used engine oil supply devices are connected in series .

The installation differs from the prototype in that it is equipped with a container for the original used engine oil, the cavity of which is connected to the suction port of the transfer gear pump and through the heated barometric pipe with the outlet of the dehydrated engine oil, the heater is made in the form of a steam jacket of the tank for the original used engine oil, superheater - in the form of a tubular heat exchanger, the tube space of which is communicated with the discharge pipe of gear gear a wasp, and the annular space with a source of heating steam, the evaporator is made in the form of a heated horizontal cylinder, at the ends of which there are installed devices for supplying used engine oil in the form of nozzles with filter baffles at the inlet, and oil jet reflectors are located in the central part of the evaporator cavity opposite the nozzles, the concave surface of which is facing the nozzles, while the lower part of the evaporator is equipped with a dehydrated motor oil collector with its delivery pipe and placed between the reflectors an oil jet with a heated pipe, the upper end of which is equipped with an oil spray trap, and the lower end of the pipe is connected to the condenser body covered by a cooling jacket, in the cavity of which a cooling coil with a pipe passing inside it along the condenser axis is placed along the condenser’s axis to discharge cooling medium from the coil, the condensate water outlet pipe from the condenser is connected to the collection tank connected to the vacuum pump, the installation is also equipped with additional heat-insulated heated evaporator, condenser sator, heater, superheater, gear and vacuum pumps, heated by a barometric pipe structurally identical to the main evaporator, condenser, heater, superheater, gear pump, vacuum pump, heated barometric pipe and a tank for dehydrated oil containing fuel, communicated with the tank of the original waste motor oil pipeline connected to the discharge pipe of the main gear pump, while the additional heater is made n in the form of a steam jacket of a tank for dehydrated oil containing fuel, the cavity of which is connected to the suction pipe of the additional gear pump, the pipe space of the additional superheater is communicated with the discharge pipe of the additional gear pump and with nozzles of the additional evaporator, in which the collector is designed for purified engine oil, additional heated barometric pipe connected to the outlet for the release of refined oil from the collector and to the tank for dehydrated oil containing fuel, the pipe for condensed fuel removal from the additional condenser is connected to the fuel collection tank in communication with the additional vacuum pump.

The inventive installation meets all conditions of patentability.

She is new because Patent studies carried out by the inventors revealed the technical solutions closest to the claimed one described above, the aggregate of essential features of which are not identical to the aggregate of essential features of the invention in this application.

The invention proposed for patent examination has an inventive step, since none of the known solutions identified, in addition to those described above, relating to the waste oil purification technique, contains signs of the claimed installation.

The described invention is industrially applicable, as it can be used in industry and agriculture. Moreover, there is a great need for it.

All the signs included in the set of essential features are feasible and reproducible, do not contradict each other and are used in full to achieve the expected technical result.

A proof of this is the description of the installation itself and its operation below.

Figure 1 schematically shows the inventive installation for cleaning used engine oil from water and fuel, figure 2 - place A on an enlarged scale, figure 3 - place B on an enlarged scale.

The installation contains a thermally insulated evaporator 1, made in the form of a heated horizontal cylinder, at the ends 2 of which are installed devices in the form of nozzles 3 for supplying the used engine oil to the evaporator 1.

At the entrance of each of the nozzles 3, filtering partitions 4 are installed, made, for example, in the form of perforated disks.

In the central part of the evaporator 1, opposite the nozzles 3, there are reflectors 5 of oil jets emerging from the nozzles 3, and the concave surface of the reflectors 5 is facing the nozzles 3. The lower part of the evaporator 1 is equipped with a dehydrated engine oil collector 6 with its outlet 7 and heated between the reflectors 5 pipe 8, the upper end of which is equipped with a trap 9 of oil spray.

A condenser 10 is connected to the evaporator 1. Its body 11 is connected to the lower end of the pipe 8, while the cooling coil 13 with the pipe 14 passing inside it is placed throughout the entire height of the housing cooled by the jacket 12 of the pipe 11 to withdraw the cooling medium from the coil 13. The outlet pipe 15 from the condenser of condensed water is connected to the tank 16 collecting it, in communication with the vacuum pump 17.

The installation contains a heater 18, connected in series to the transfer gear pump 19 and a superheater 20, made in the form of a tubular heat exchanger, the tube space of which is communicated with the discharge pipe of the gear pump 19 and nozzles 3, and the annular space - with a source of heating steam (not shown in the drawing) .

The installation is equipped with a tank 21 for the original used engine oil, the cavity of which is in communication with the suction pipe of the gear pump 19 and through the heated barometric pipe 22 with the pipe 7 for the delivery of dehydrated oil. The heater 18 is made in the form of a steam jacket capacity 21.

The installation is also equipped with an additional evaporator 23, a condenser 24, a heater 25, a superheater 26, a gear pump 27, a vacuum pump 28, heated by a barometric pipe 29 structurally identical, respectively, to the main evaporator 1, condenser 10, heater 18, gear pump 19, vacuum pump 17 heated barometric pipe 22, and a capacity of 30 for dehydrated oil containing fuel.

The tank 30 is in communication with the tank 21 by a pipe 31 connected to the discharge pipe of the main gear pump 19.

The additional heater 25 is made in the form of a steam jacket of the tank 30, the cavity is connected to the suction pipe of the additional gear pump 27.

The tube space of the additional superheater 26 is communicated with the discharge pipe of the gear pump 27 and with the nozzles 32 of the evaporator 23, the collector 33 of which is designed for purified engine oil. An additional barometric pipe 29 is connected to the pipe 34 for condensed fuel removal from the condenser 24, which is connected to the fuel collection tank 35 in communication with the vacuum pump 28.

Between the gear pump 19 and the superheater 20, a valve 36 is installed and the same valve 37 is installed on the pipe 31.

The inventive installation for cleaning used engine oil from water and fuel works as follows.

The used engine oil intended for cleaning from water and fuel is pretreated with physical and chemical methods (coagulation, clay bleaching, centrifugal separation, filtration, settling, reagent treatment) to remove sludge and reduce acidity, after which the oil is poured into a container 21.

Heated to a temperature of 60-70 ° C with the help of a steam jacket 18, the used engine oil located in the tank 21 is pumped by a gear pump 19 to the superheater 20, whereby the engine oil enters the tubes of the heat exchanger 20, and heating steam circulates in the annulus. From the superheater 20, the engine oil comes out heated to 80-90 ° C, and then it is fed to the nozzle 3. In order for the oil to be clean, without impurities, to the nozzle 3, the oil is filtered through the perforated disk 4 at the entrance to each nozzle 3. The oil dispersed in the nozzles 3 flies out of it into the evaporator 1 at a high speed in the form of a jet, which, having hit the concave surface of the reflectors 5, breaks up into small particles. At the same time, water is evaporating, as a low-temperature vacuum drying mode has been created in the evaporator: pressure 10–200 mm Hg. Art. and temperature not higher than 90 ° C. Evacuation is carried out by a vacuum pump 17. The dispersed oil particles, reflected by reflector 5, fly onto the walls of the evaporator 1 and, flowing down the walls of the horizontal cylinder 1 in the form of a thin film, fall into the reservoir 6 of dehydrated oil (but with fuel). When the oil moves along the walls of the evaporator 1, evaporation of the particles of water trapped by it additionally occurs. From the collection 6, dehydrated motor oil through the pipe 7 enters the barometric pipe 22, and from it into the tank 21.

If necessary, the described oil path from the source to dehydrated can be repeated many times to achieve the production of oil containing less than 0.005% moisture - the optimal degree of purification from water.

The steam formed in the evaporator 1 under the action of a driving force arising during the low-temperature vacuum drying is directed to a heated pipe 8, the upper end of which is equipped with a trap 9 of oil sprays carried away by particles of water and steam from the area of the reflectors 5. Oil sprays trapped by trap 9 flow into compilation 6.

Steam in a heated pipe 9 naturally goes down, enters the body 11 of the condenser 10. Here, the condensation occurs in the entire volume of the condenser 10 due to comprehensive intensive cooling of the steam by the cooled body 11, coil 13 and pipe 14. The temperature in the condenser is 10-12 ° C. Condensed water from the condenser 10 is discharged through the pipe 15 into the tank 16 for collecting water.

So in general, the waste engine oil bends are cleaned.

To clean the used engine oil from fuel, a second, additional, production line comes into operation.

The obtained dehydrated engine oil containing fuel uses a gear pump 19 to pump engine oil containing fuel from tank 21 to tank 30. For this, valve 36 between gear pump 19 and superheater 20 is closed, but valve 37 is opened on line 31.

Oil is transported from tank 21 to tank 30.

Heated to a temperature of 90 ° C using a steam jacket 25, located in the tank 30, the dehydrated engine oil is pumped by a gear pump 27 to the superheater 26, the dehydrated engine oil containing fuel entering the tubes of the heat exchanger 26, and heating steam circulating in the annulus. From the superheater 26, the engine oil comes out heated to 105-115 ° C, and then it is fed into the nozzles 32 of the evaporator 23. In order for the oil to be supplied to the nozzles 32 of the evaporator 23 without mechanical impurities, the oil is filtered through the perforated disk at the entrance to each nozzle 32 38.

The oil containing fuel dispersed in the nozzles 32 flies into the evaporator 23 at a high speed in the form of a jet, which, having fallen onto the concave surface of the reflectors 39, breaks into small particles. At the same time, fuel is evaporating, because in the evaporator 23 a vacuum drying mode is created: pressure 0.5-1.0 mm Hg and temperature not higher than 115 ° C.

Evacuation is carried out by a vacuum pump 28. The dispersed oil particles, reflected by the reflector 39, fly onto the walls of the evaporator 23, flowing down the walls of the horizontal cylinder 23 in the form of a thin film, fall into the reservoir 33 of purified oil (without water and fuel). When the oil moves along the walls of the evaporator 23, additional evaporation of the fuel particles trapped in the oil occurs. From the collection 33, the cleaned engine oil through the pipe 34 enters the barometric pipe 29, and from it into the tank 30.

If necessary, the described oil path from the original oil (containing fuel) to refined (without fuel) can be repeated, i.e. multiple circulation will be carried out to achieve the production of oil containing not more than 0.1% of fuel - the optimal result of cleaning oil from fuel.

The fuel vapor generated in the evaporator 23 under the action of a driving force arising in the process of low-temperature vacuum drying is directed to a heated pipe 40, the upper end of which is equipped with a trap 41 for spraying engine oil carried away by fuel particles and with fuel vapor from the reflectors 39. Trapped by trap 41 splashes of oil flow into reservoir 33.

The steam in the heated pipe 40 naturally goes down, enters the housing 42 of the condenser 24. Here the condensation of fuel vapor occurs in the entire volume of the condenser 24 due to comprehensive intensive cooling of the fuel vapor by the cooled housing 42, coil 43 and pipe 44. The temperature in the condenser is 10-12 ° FROM. Condensed fuel from the condenser 24 is discharged through the pipe 45 to the tank 35 of the fuel collection.

The process of cleaning used engine oil from water and fuel is completed. Obtained refined oil, which is a secondary commodity product, obtained usable fuel and environmentally friendly ("drain") water.

The engine oil purified from water and fuel is removed from the tank 30 to the next redistribution of the oil regeneration process, the next portion of the used engine oil is poured into the tank 21, which must be cleaned of water and fuel using the inventive installation.

Claims (1)

Installation for cleaning used engine oil from water and fuel, comprising a thermally insulated evaporator with used engine oil supply devices and a dehydrated engine oil discharge pipe, a condenser connected to the evaporator, to which a vacuum pump, a heater, a transfer pump and a superheater connected to the devices are connected in series supply of used engine oil, characterized in that it is equipped with a container for the original used engine oil, the cavity of the cat the swarm is connected to the suction port of the transfer gear pump and through a heated barometric tube with the outlet of the dehydrated engine oil, the heater is made in the form of a steam jacket of the tank for the original waste engine oil, the superheater is in the form of a tubular heat exchanger, the tube space of which is communicated with the gear pump discharge port pump, and annular space - with a source of heating steam, the evaporator is made in the form of a heated horizontal cylinder a core, in the ends of which there are installed devices for supplying used engine oil in the form of nozzles with filter baffles at the inlet, and in the central part of the evaporator cavity opposite the nozzles there are oil jet reflectors, the concave surface of which is facing the nozzles, while the lower part of the evaporator is equipped with a dehydrated engine oil collector with its discharge pipe and a heated pipe placed between the jet reflectors, the upper end of which is equipped with an oil spray trap, and the lower end of the pipe is connected to the condo body the cooler, covered by a cooling jacket, in the cavity of which a cooling coil with a pipe passing inside it along the condenser axis is placed along the condenser’s axis to withdraw the cooling medium from the coil, the condensate water outlet pipe is connected to the tank for collecting it, connected to the vacuum pump, the installation is also equipped with additional heat-insulated heated evaporator, condenser, heater, superheater, gear and vacuum pumps, heated barometric pipe, constructive identical to the main evaporator, condenser, heater, superheater, gear pump, vacuum pump, heated barometric pipe, and a tank for dehydrated engine oil containing fuel, connected to the tank of the original waste engine oil by a pipe connected to the discharge pipe of the main gear pump, while additional heater is made in the form of a steam jacket of the tank for dehydrated engine oil containing fuel, the cavity of which is connected to the suction pipe of the additional gear pump, the pipe space of the additional superheater is communicated with the discharge pipe of the additional gear pump and the nozzles of the additional evaporator, in which the collector is designed for cleaned engine oil, the additional heated barometric pipe is connected to the pipe for the release of cleaned engine oil from the collector and with a tank for dehydrated oil containing fuel, branch pipe for condensed fuel removal from the auxiliary cond The sensor is connected to a fuel collection tank in communication with an additional vacuum pump.

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