RU225245U1 - SUBSOILER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for deep loosening of soil. The cultivator block of the subsoiler includes two compacting rollers placed parallel to each other, each of which is installed on a rotation shaft and contains teeth welded to its surface, and the compacting rollers are installed between two end plates connected to the subsoiler frame by means of units for adjusting the height of the compacting rollers, including hydraulic cylinders , connected to the lower and upper brackets of the guides connected to the frame of the subsoiler and turnbuckles placed between the end plate and said lower bracket. The technical result is that the design of the cultivator block provides the ability to regulate the depth of tillage and provides the ability to loosen soils of different densities.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for deep loosening of soil.

A tool is known for grinding hard lumps and crusts on the soil surface, including a frame, knives, a support roller and a device for connecting the tool to a tractor. The implement has a ballast tank mounted on the frame, which makes it possible to change the pressure of the support roller on the soil. The support roller has pointed projections located on the periphery. Guide pushers are fixed to the gun frame. Along the entire periphery of the support roller there are ripening rods located in special holes, installed with the possibility of resting on the axis of the support roller (patent RU2444876, published 03/20/2012)

A multifunctional mounted continuous cultivation cultivator is known (RF patent No. 2300864, published on June 20, 2007), equipped with compacting support rollers containing four sections of two ring rollers, interconnected by rods, which are attached through a hinge to racks mounted on a movable beam.

A mounted sub-ripper is known (patent RU 46141, MPK A01B 13/08, publ. 06/27/2005), containing a V-shaped frame with fastening elements to the tractor's mounted system, rippers mounted on the frame, and roller-levelers hingedly mounted on the rear wall of the frame , consisting of two coaxially located shafts with shaped corrugated disks for additional crumbling and leveling of the soil behind the rippers. The levelers are adjustable in height relative to the rippers, and their disks have an S-shaped corrugated edge and the corrugations are located symmetrically relative to the plane of the disk.

Known devices have a high energy intensity of the loosening process with shaped corrugated discs or ring rollers; continuous embedding of stubble into the soil leads to the development of soil erosion and a decrease in soil moisture accumulation.

The technical objective of the utility model is to create a highly efficient, reliable soil subsoiler with the ability to maintain the necessary moisture in the deep layers of the soil to obtain high yields of agricultural crops.

Technical result - the design of the cultivator unit provides the ability to regulate the depth of soil cultivation and provides the ability to loosen soils of different densities, as well as effective and uniform mixing and crushing of plant residues and clods of soil throughout the entire cultivation zone of the subsoiler, while simultaneously compacting and leveling the surface layer of soil.

The technical result is achieved in that the cultivator block of the subsoiler includes two press rollers placed parallel to each other, each of which is installed on a rotation shaft and contains teeth welded to its surface, and the press rollers are installed between two end plates connected to the frame of the subsoiler by means of height adjustment units the position of the compacting rollers, including hydraulic cylinders connected to the lower and upper brackets of the guides connected to the frame of the subsoiler and turnbuckles placed between the end plate and the specified lower bracket.

The cultivator unit is designed for installation on a mounted subsoiler, which provides non-moldboard cultivation of the soil to a depth of up to 45 cm, destruction of the plow base, grinding and mixing of plant residues in the upper layers of the soil. Loosening without turning over preserves the organic composition of the soil, and as a result, promotes long-term fertility. With this method of soil cultivation, the drainage properties of deep layers are improved and the oxygen content in the soil increases. The subsoiler can be attached to an agricultural tractor (tractor) equipped with a three-point linkage of the 3rd and 4th categories, as well as to a domestic tractor of the K700 type, which has its own standard size of attachment.

The utility model is illustrated by the following drawings:

In fig. 1 shows a general view of the subsoiler;

In fig. Figure 2 shows a general view of the press roller;

In fig. Figure 3 shows a general view of the cultivator block with two press rollers;

In fig. Figure 4 shows a top view of the cultivator block with two press rollers.

The mounted subsoiler consists of an all-welded frame 1 with fastening elements to the tractor attachment, subsoilers 2 with working tools in the form of knives, a cultivator block, a 3-wheel block 4 (Fig. 1).

Frame 1 absorbs loads, transmits traction forces of the tractor and ensures reliable fastening of the ripper working parts.

Deep-loosening racks 2 are designed for loosening deep layers of soil and crushing the top layer of soil.

Cultivator block 3 is located behind the deep-loosening racks in the direction of movement of the subsoiler and is designed for finishing soil cultivation, which consists of crushing plant residues and clods of soil while simultaneously compacting and leveling the surface layer of soil.

Cultivator block 3 (Fig. 3,4) includes two pressing rollers 4 equipped with teeth. The pressing roller 4 (Fig. 2) is a hollow cylinder 5 made of stainless steel, mounted on a shaft 6 with the possibility of rotation. Teeth-7 are fixed to the surface of the cylinder by welding with a certain pitch. The teeth 7 have an asymmetrical shape relative to an axis passing through the middle of the base of the tooth, and contain a cavity 8 on one side of this axis. Teeth 7 are located around the cylinder with a pitch h between groups of teeth located in the same cross-sectional plane of the cylinder. The axes of the teeth located in the same section plane are made at an angle of 90°, and the axes of the teeth of adjacent groups of teeth are offset.

The shaft 6, on which the roller 4 is mounted, is located inside the roller and in two end flanges 9, bolted to the end plates 10, which in turn are connected to the subsoiler frame 1 by means of hydraulic cylinders 11 of the height control unit to ensure regulation of the depth of tillage. The end plates are generally L-shaped.

The pressing rollers 4 are placed parallel to each other and connected to the end plates 10 by means of end flanges 9, and the teeth of the two rollers are made in the direction from each other (the cavities 8 of the teeth of one roller are placed in the direction opposite to the direction of placement of the cavities 8 of the other roller), the distance A between the surfaces of the rollers are less than twice the height of the teeth and the teeth of one roller are offset along the length of the cylinder relative to the teeth of the other roller (the teeth of one roller fit into the gap between the teeth of the second roller). The multidirectional design of the teeth of the two rollers ensures that the soil layer is lifted by the teeth 7 of the first roller 4 in the direction of travel, which is then picked up by the teeth 7 of the second roller 4, thus improving the breakdown of lumps of the surface layer of soil, mixing and grinding of plant residues. The arrangement of the teeth of the two rollers in a checkerboard pattern relative to the length of the cultivator block 3 ensures self-cleaning of the multidirectional teeth 7 from adhering plant residues in the process of loosening the soil, which ultimately prevents clogging of the roller and promotes effective loosening of the soil.

The cultivator unit is designed to regulate the depth of cultivation of the surface soil layer by means of a hydraulic control system that ensures lowering and raising of the compacting rollers to the required amount.

Units for adjusting the height of the compacting rollers connect the cultivator block to the frame of the subsoiler and include hydraulic cylinders 11, controlled from the tractor cabin by means of a hydraulic system, installed by means of pins 12 in the lower 13 and upper 14 brackets connected to guides 15, which in turn are fixed to the end plates 16 frame 1, and turnbuckles 17, installed by means of fingers 18 between the brackets 13 and the protruding part of the end plate 10. The upper brackets 13 are also connected by means of a finger 19 to the end plates 10

For structural rigidity, the cultivator block is equipped with a beam 20, fixed between the end surfaces 10 of the cultivator block 3.

For a more precise process of depth regulation, a ruler can be installed on the guide, relative to which the hydraulic cylinder rod moves.

The subsoiler works as follows:

Start working at low speeds, gradually lowering the working parts of the rack 2 until the required depth is obtained. Gradual lowering is carried out with smooth regulation of the position of the cultivator unit 3 by a hydraulic control system with hydraulic cylinders 11, controlled from the tractor cabin.

In this case, it is possible to provide regulation of the position of the cultivator unit in several options:

1. The location of both press rollers 4 at the same depth (height).

2. The location of the first pressing roller 4 in the direction of travel is more recessed in relation to the second roller 4.

The choice of installation option is carried out taking into account the preliminary manual adjustment of the length of the lanyard and the subsequent lowering of the cultivator unit using hydraulic cylinders 11.

A constant depth of tillage during the operation of the subsoiler is ensured: at the front - by three-point tractor attachments and pneumatic wheels, at the rear - by adjusting the cultivator block 3 using a hydraulic control system with hydraulic cylinders 11.

Initially, the soil layers are processed using deep-loosening racks, during which the lower layers of the soil are loosened - without turning it over and the crust of the top layer of soil is destroyed, after which the top layer of soil is loosened by compacting rollers and it and plant residues are broken down into smaller fragments. Due to the cylindrical surface of the roller, the soil surface is simultaneously leveled. This ensures the grinding of crop residues and weed roots, driving the plant mass into the fertile layer and mixing it with the ground.

Claims (4)

1. A subsoiler containing a cultivator block, including two press rollers placed parallel to each other, each of which is mounted on a rotation shaft and contains teeth welded to its surface, and the press rollers are installed between two end plates connected to the frame of the subsoiler by means of height adjustment units pressing rollers, including hydraulic cylinders connected to the lower and upper brackets of the guides connected to the frame of the subsoiler, and turnbuckles placed between the end plate and the specified lower bracket, while the teeth of the pressing rollers are made of an asymmetrical shape with a cavity located on one side of the axis, and the teeth two rollers are made in different directions relative to each other, the distance between the surfaces of the rollers is less than twice the height of the teeth, and the teeth of one roller are offset along the length of the cylinder relative to the teeth of the other roller. 2. Subsoiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the guides are connected to the end plates of the frame by means of brackets. 3. Subsoiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a ruler is installed on the guides, designed to control the amount of movement of the hydraulic cylinder rod. 4. Subsoiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth of the press roller are arranged in groups in the same cross-sectional plane of the cylinder with an angle between the axes of 90°, and the axes of the teeth of adjacent groups of teeth are offset.