RU207679U1 - Mounted deep-ripper - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for deep loosening of the soil, and allows you to improve the quality of soil cultivation, the strength and reliability of the structure, as well as to ensure the stability of the subsoiler's stroke. The subsoiler hinged includes a frame (1) with fasteners to the hinged device of the tractor. The working bodies-rippers, mounted on the frame (1), are racks (2), at the end of each there is a knife-chisel (3), on the working part of which there is a hard-facing from a wear-resistant alloy, and the knife is fixed with bolts on the sides of the rack (2 ), which reduces the possibility of their wear during operation. In the middle part of the rack (2) there is a central knife (4) of a triangular shape. On the lateral sides of the rack (2), side knives (4) of the L-shaped profile are fixed with the ability to move in height. Racks 2 are equipped with a safety system with shear bolts (7). The cultivating unit is fixed on the rear side of the frame (1) and consists of two drums (8) with teeth (9). The cultivating unit is equipped with a hydraulic control system, which includes a hydraulic cylinder (10), a lever (11), guides (12), a turnbuckle (13), which is fixed with one end (fork (26)) to the end of the drum (8), the other end (a hinge (25)) - to the lever (11). There is a caprolon antifriction support (14) between the lever (11) and the guides (12). In the front part of the frame (1), wheel blocks are installed. Each wheel unit includes a body (15) fixed stationary on the frame (1), a bracket (16) pivotally attached to the body (15), at the other end of the bracket (16) a wheel (18) is fixed. Lanyard (19) with one end (fork (26)) is installed on the body (15), the other end (hinge (25)) - on the bracket (16). Wheels (18) pneumatic with a diameter of (770 ± 10) mm and adjustable in height / angle of inclination. 4 c.p. f-ly, 6 dwg

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for deep loosening of the soil.

Known subsoiler mounted, (patent RU 46141, IPC А01В 13/08, publ. 27.06.2005), containing a V-shaped frame with attachment elements to the mounted system of the tractor, rippers mounted on the frame, and on the rear wall of the frame are pivotally mounted - levelers, consisting of two coaxially located shafts with shaped corrugated discs for additional crumbling and leveling of the soil behind the rippers. However, this device has a high energy consumption of the process of loosening with curly corrugated discs, continuous incorporation of stubble into the soil, which affects the development of soil erosion and a decrease in soil moisture accumulation.

Known subsoiler hinged, aggregated with a tractor (patent No. 148586, IPC А01В 13/08 Published: 10.12.2014 Bul. No. 34), containing a V-shaped frame with attachments to the mounted system of the tractor, working bodies-rippers installed on the frame, and a device for additional tillage after deep loosening, pivotally mounted on the rear wall of the frame. The device for additional tillage is made in the form of a ripper-hole-former, which is a drum on which teeth are arranged in a spiral with the possibility of additional loosening of the soil surface located between the working bodies-rippers, in addition, a hitch with support wheels is installed in the front part of the tool.

Various designs of deep loosening soil (analogs) are known: the company GASPARDO (brochure of the company for the cultivator model Artiglio), the company Kverneland. Some of these machines, like the Kverneland, have a frame with tines for deep loosening of the soil. However, they are not equipped with an additional device for leveling furrows behind the ripper tines and additional crumbling of the soil to a shallow depth of 20 cm. In this regard, an additional passage of other machines is required for leveling and crumbling the soil after the subsoilers.

A device for tillage is known (RF patent No. 2183917, IPC А01В 49/02, published on June 27, 2002 Bull. No. 18), containing disc knives, subsoilers and a roller mounted in the front part on the frame, equipped with removable plow bodies and a flat-cutting element, when In this case, two rows of circular knives and two rows of subsoilers are installed on the frame, and the plow bodies are fixed on a flat-cutting element, which is pivotally movably connected to the subsoilers. The first plow body in the direction of movement of the device is made without moldboard to ensure the laying of the soil layer on the surface of the adjacent furrow to the right. Above the last plow body in the direction of movement of the device, a soil tipper is installed, which is installed on a stand fixed on a plane-cutting element, with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination relative to this stand. On the flat-cutting element from below, along the trail of each subsoiler, field boards are installed. Such a constructive implementation will ensure the stability of the unit, reduce energy costs, preserve the natural structure of the plow horizon and improve the quality of processing of the topsoil.

Known subsoiler (RF patent No. 2360388, IPC А01В 13/08, published: 10.07.2009 Bul. No. 19), aggregated with a tractor, contains a frame with fasteners to its hinged system, rippers installed on the frame, roller-levelers. The leveling rollers are hingedly mounted on the rear wall of the frame and consist of two coaxially located drums. The chisel of the paw is set at an angle to the horizon no more than 15 ° and is moved forward relative to the centerline of the paw post by 2/3 of its length. The flat cutters are fixed on the tines of the tines with the ability to move along the height to set the depth of the soil layer they are cultivating up to 20 cm.The depth of travel of the chisel of the loosening paw is (35-65) cm. second. The teeth are placed on the surface of the drums along a helical line and have a longer length on the first than on the second. The gap between adjacent teeth of the first and second drums does not exceed 1.5 cm. The teeth of the first drum have a gap of up to 1 cm between their ends and the cylindrical surface of the second drum. The first drum is installed with a gap between the soil and its cylindrical surface of up to 5 cm. This design will improve the quality of soil cultivation.

Known subsoilers of the soil of the company MASCHIO GASPARDO (company brochure), taken as a prototype, containing a frame with attachments to its hinged system, the working bodies-rippers installed on the frame are racks with a proportionally increasing slope from bottom to top, at the end of each rack a knife is fixed - a chisel with a forward movement relative to the center line of the rack, side knives are fixed on the sides of the rack with the ability to move along the height to set the depth of the soil layer processed by them, the racks are equipped with a safety system with shear bolts and a system for automatic return of the rack to the working position, a device for additional processing soil after deep loosening (cultivator block), installed on the rear wall of the frame, is a drum on which teeth are located with the possibility of additional loosening of the soil surface and is equipped with a pneumatic control system, in addition, a hitch with reg adjustable support wheels. However, the known device does not reliably regulate the interaction of the ripper structure elements, which leads to a decrease in the strength and reliability of the structure and, consequently, to a decrease in the quality of soil cultivation.

The technical problem to be solved by the proposed utility model is the creation of a highly efficient and reliable subsoiler with the ability to preserve the necessary moisture in deep soil layers to obtain high yields of agricultural crops.

The technical result to be achieved by the proposed utility model is to improve the quality of soil cultivation, the strength and reliability of the structure, to ensure the stability of the subsoiler stroke by regulating the interaction of the ripper structure elements.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the subsoiler mounted, aggregated with a tractor, contains a frame with attachment elements to its mounted system, the working bodies-rippers installed on the frame are racks with an increasing inclination from the bottom up, at the end of each rack there is a knife-chisel with moving forward relative to the center line of the rack, lateral knives are fixed on the sides of the rack with the ability to move along the height to set the depth of the soil layer processed by them, a central knife is installed in the middle of the rack for cutting the soil layer. The uprights are equipped with a safety system with shear bolts. For additional soil cultivation after deep loosening, the subsoiler is equipped with a cultivator unit mounted on the rear of the frame, and is a drum on which teeth are located with the possibility of additional loosening of the soil surface and leveling it. The cultivating unit is equipped with a hydraulic height adjustment system. In the front part of the frame, adjustable wheel blocks are installed on the sides.

What is new is that each wheel block includes a body fixed motionlessly on the frame, a bracket pivotally attached to the body at one end, and a pneumatic wheel, a wheel block turnbuckle fixed at the other end of the bracket, fixed on the body at one end and on the bracket at the other, the hydraulic control system of the cultivator unit includes a hydraulic cylinder, a lever, guides, a lanyard of the cultivator unit, which is fixed at one end to the end of the drum, and at the other to the lever of the hydraulic cylinder, there is a caprolon antifriction support between the lever and the guides, the side knives on the racks have an L-shaped profile, and to move them along the height, holes are made on the lateral sides of the rack, while the fastening elements to the hinged system of the tractor are made in the form of replaceable pins and bushings.

Pneumatic wheels have a diameter of (770 ± 10) mm.

The central knife has a triangular shape.

On the working part of the knife-chisel there is a wear-resistant alloy surfacing.

The lanyard of the wheel block and the lanyard of the cultivator block are made identical, and each is a rod made of a hexagonal rod, in which holes are drilled from the ends, and a right thread is cut on one side, and a left thread on the other, while a hinge is screwed on one side, and on the other - a fork.

The technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the subsoiler;

FIG. 2 - working body - rack;

FIG. 3 - placement of side knives on the working body-rack;

FIG. 4 - subsoiler cultivator block;

FIG. 5 - subsoiler wheel block;

Figure 6 - lanyard cultivator and wheel blocks.

The mounted subsoiler is designed for plow-free, not damaging the topsoil, loosening. Loosening without turning over preserves the organic composition of the soil, as a result - contributes to long-term fertility. With this method of soil cultivation, the drainage properties of deep layers are improved, and the oxygen content in the soil increases. The equipment can be used on loose soils where clods pass freely between the tines without getting stuck. The subsoiler can be attached to an agricultural tractor (tractor) equipped with a three-point attachment of the 3rd and 4th categories, as well as to a domestic tractor of the K700 type, which has its own standard size of attachments.

The subsoiler hinged consists of a rigid frame-assembly structure - frame 1 with attachment elements to the hinged device of the tractor (Fig. 1), which receives the load and transmits the tractive forces of the tractor, providing reliable fastening of the working bodies-rippers. Depending on the number of working bodies-rippers, the design has different modifications with 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th shanks. The working bodies-rippers, installed on the frame 1, are racks 2 with an increasing slope from the bottom up, at the end of each rack 2 there is a knife-chisel 3 with a forward movement relative to the center line of the rack 2. On the working part of the knife-chisel 3 there is a wear-resistant surfacing alloy, which increases the strength and durability during the operation of the device. The chisel knife 3, installed in front of the working body-rack 2, is the main part of the structure that takes on the main load, and is bolted on the sides of the rack 2, which reduces the possibility of their wear during operation. In the middle part of the rack 2, a central knife 4 of a triangular shape is installed, which cuts the soil layer. On the lateral sides of the rack 2, side knives 5 are fixed with the ability to move along the height to change the depth of the soil layer processed by them, for which holes 6 are made on the side surfaces of the racks 2 in height. Side knives 5 have an L-shaped profile. Due to its shape, the cutting surface of the side knives 5 is fully utilized, while a larger volume of the root system of weeds is trimmed and a large area of the upper soil layer is loosened, thereby a better saturation of the soil with oxygen occurs. The tines 2 are equipped with a safety system with tear-off bolts 7. For additional soil cultivation after deep loosening, a cultivator unit is installed in the rear part of the frame 1, designed for crushing and leveling the traversed soil surface, provides setting the depth, and consists of at least two drums 8, on which teeth 9 are located. The cultivator unit is equipped with a hydraulic control system, which includes a hydraulic cylinder 10, a lever 11, guides 12, a turnbuckle 13 of the cultivator unit. Lanyard 13 with one end (fork) is fixed to the end of drum 8, the other end (hinge) - to the lever 11. Lanyard 13 of the cultivator block allows you to adjust the cultivator block, when unscrewing the lanyard 13, the parallelism of the drums 8 of the treated surface is ensured. Between the lever 11 and the guides 12 there is a caprolon antifriction support 14, which provides ease of sliding and excludes abrasion of metal on metal, which affects the durability and reliability of the subsoiler. In the front part of the frame 1, wheel blocks are installed on the sides on the right and left sides, which provide a clear setting of the depth of soil cultivation. Each wheel unit includes a body 15, which is fixed stationary on the frame 1, a bracket 16 pivotally fixed to the body 15 (attached through a pin 17 and rotatable), at the other end of the bracket 16 a pneumatic wheel 18 is attached. To adjust the height, the wheel unit is equipped with a turnbuckle 19. Lanyard 19 is mounted on one end (fork 26) on the body 15 with the other end (hinge 25) on the bracket 16. When the turnbuckle 19 is unscrewed, the wheel 18 is lowered (rotation on pin 17) and the loosening depth decreases ... When screwing in the lanyard 19, the wheel 18 rises, while the depth of loosening increases. Wheels 18 pneumatic with a diameter of (770 ± 10) mm and adjustable in height and angle of inclination due to the presence of a lanyard 19 in the wheel block design, which makes it possible to adjust the depth of loosening. Pneumatic wheels 18 have a sufficiently large diameter and width, which increases the permeability of the subsoiler, does not allow it to bog down in the soil. With this design of the wheel block of the subsoiler, the technical result is achieved in the form of a clear adjustment of the working depth due to the lanyard 19 and the holding of the subsoiler at the required depth due to the pneumatic wide wheel (770 ± 10) mm.

On the frame 1 there is a row of holes 20 required for attachment to the tractor hitch, which is a three-point hitch. The attachment elements to the tractor attachment are made in the form of replaceable pins 21 and bushings 22, thanks to which it is possible to attach the subsoiler to tractors with an attachment of the 3rd and 4th categories, which makes it possible to expand the range of used tractors (agricultural machines). These adjustments allow to achieve good breakdown of the bottom sole, leveling of the soil and the initial breakdown of surface clods.

The lanyard 19 of the wheel unit and the lanyard 13 of the cultivator unit are made identically, and each of them is a rod 23 made of a hexagonal rod, in which holes 24 are drilled from the ends, and a right thread is cut on one side, and a left thread on the other, while on the one hand, the hinge 25 is screwed in, and on the other, the fork 26. The design of the rod 23 from a standard hexagon makes it possible to adjust it using a standard wrench.

The subsoiler hinged works as follows. They begin work at low speeds, gradually lowering the working bodies of the rack 2 until the required depth is obtained. Gradual lowering is carried out with smooth regulation of the position of the cultivator unit by a hydraulic control system with hydraulic cylinders 10 (Fig. 4). The constant depth of tillage during the operation of the subsoiler is ensured: in the front - by three-point attachments of the tractor and pneumatic wheels 18 with the possibility of their height and inclination adjustment, in the rear - by adjusting the cultivator unit using a hydraulic control system with hydraulic cylinders 10. The position of the cultivator unit can be changed by manual adjustment , by reinstalling the hydraulic cylinder 10 in additional holes in the guide 11 and adjusting the lanyard 13 of the cultivator unit, when unscrewing the lanyard 13, the parallelism of the drums 8 of the treated surface is ensured) in order to load or unload the earth between the drums 8.

To protect the frame 1, each working body 2 has a protective tear-off bolt 7 to protect the subsoiler from extreme loads that may arise during its operation. The principle of operation of the protective bolt - each post 2 is equipped with a protective shear bolt 7, which, when the permissible load is exceeded, breaks off, releasing the post 2 (Fig. 3) from the load.

Side knives 5 L-shaped (Fig. 3) allow you to change the depth of the soil undercut using a series of adjusting holes 6. Knives - chisel 3 are installed directly on the base of the working body - rack 2. The knife - chisel 3, installed in front of the working body, is the main part of the structure that takes on the main load, and is bolted to the sides of the rack 2, which reduces the possibility of wear during operation. In case of significant wear (more than 80 mm) of one of the knife surfaces, it is necessary to remove the mount and turn it 180 degrees, which will double its resource.

Thus, the proposed technical solution makes it possible to ensure the stability of the subsoiler by adjusting the cultivator and wheel blocks, as well as by the design features of the working bodies of the cultivator, which improves the quality of soil cultivation, as well as the reliability and service life of the subsoiler.

Claims (5)

1. Subsoiler hinged, aggregated with a tractor, containing a frame with attachment elements to its hinged system, the working tools-rippers installed on the frame are racks with an increasing inclination from the bottom up, at the end of each rack there is a knife-chisel with a forward extension relative to the axial the lines of the rack, on the sides of the rack there are side knives fixed with the ability to move along the height to set the depth of the soil layer processed by them, in the middle of the rack there is a central knife for cutting the soil layer, in addition, the racks are equipped with a safety system with detachable bolts, at the rear of the frame a cultivator unit with a hydraulic height adjustment system is installed, representing drums on which teeth are located, adjustable wheel units are installed in the front part of the frame on the sides, characterized in that each wheel unit includes a body fixed motionlessly on the frame, a bracket, one end articulated fixed to the body, and at the other end of the bracket a pneumatic wheel is fixed, a wheel block turnbuckle, one end is fixed to the body, and the other to the bracket, the hydraulic control system of the cultivator block includes a hydraulic cylinder, a lever, guides, a turnbuckle of the cultivator block, which is fixed to the end of the drum, and the other to the lever of the hydraulic cylinder, there is a caprolon antifriction support between the lever and the guides, the side knives on the racks have an L-shaped profile, and holes are made to move them along the height on the sides of the rack, while fastening elements to the tractor hinged system made in the form of replaceable pins and bushings. 2. Subsoiler hinged according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic wheels have a diameter of (770 ± 10) mm. 3. Subsoiler mounted on p. 1, characterized in that the central knife has a triangular shape. 4. Subsoiler hinged according to claim 1, characterized in that on the working part of the knife-chisel there is a wear-resistant alloy surfacing. 5. Subsoiler hinged according to claim 1, characterized in that the lanyard of the wheel unit and the lanyard of the cultivator unit are made identical, and each is a rod made of a hexagonal bar, in which holes are drilled from the ends, and a right thread is cut on one side, and on the other - the left, with the hinge head screwed on one side, and the fork on the other.

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