RU222951U1 - CULTIVATION BLOCK OF SUBSOILER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for deep loosening of soil. The cultivator block of the subsoiler includes two press rollers placed parallel to each other, each of which is mounted on a rotation shaft and contains asymmetrically shaped teeth welded to its surface with a cavity located on one side of the axis, and the teeth of the two rollers are made differently directed relative to each other, the distance between the surfaces of the rollers are less than twice the height of the teeth and the teeth of one roller are offset along the length of the cylinder relative to the teeth of the other roller. The technical result is effective and uniform mixing and crushing of plant residues and clods of soil throughout the entire processing strip of the subsoiler, while simultaneously compacting and leveling the surface layer of soil.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for deep loosening of soil.

A tool is known for grinding hard lumps and crusts on the soil surface, including a frame, knives, a support roller and a device for connecting the tool to a tractor. The implement has a ballast tank mounted on the frame, which makes it possible to change the pressure of the support roller on the soil. The support roller has pointed projections located on the periphery. Guide pushers are fixed to the gun frame. Along the entire periphery of the support roller there are ripening rods located in special holes, installed with the possibility of resting on the axis of the support roller (patent RU 2444876, published 03/20/2012)

A multifunctional mounted continuous cultivation cultivator is known (RF patent No. 2300864, published on June 20, 2007), equipped with compacting support rollers containing four sections of two ring rollers, interconnected by rods, which are attached through a hinge to racks mounted on a movable beam.

A mounted sub-ripper is known (patent RU 46141, MPK A01B 13/08, publ. 06/27/2005), containing a V-shaped frame with fastening elements to the tractor's mounted system, rippers mounted on the frame, and roller-levelers hingedly mounted on the rear wall of the frame , consisting of two coaxially located shafts with shaped corrugated disks for additional crumbling and leveling of the soil behind the rippers. The compactors-levelers have height adjustment relative to the rippers, and their disks have an S-shaped corrugated edge and the corrugations are located symmetrically relative to the plane of the disk.

Known devices have a high energy intensity of the loosening process with shaped corrugated discs or ring rollers; continuous embedding of stubble into the soil leads to the development of soil erosion and a decrease in soil moisture accumulation.

The technical objective of the utility model is to create a highly efficient, reliable soil subsoiler with the ability to maintain the necessary moisture in the deep layers of the soil to obtain high yields of agricultural crops.

The technical result is effective and uniform mixing and crushing of plant residues and clods of soil throughout the entire processing strip of the subsoiler, while simultaneously compacting and leveling the surface layer of soil.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the cultivator block of the subsoiler includes two press rollers placed parallel to each other, each of which is mounted on a rotation shaft and contains asymmetrically shaped teeth welded to its surface with a cavity located on one side of the axis, and the teeth of the two rollers are made in different directions relative to each other, the distance between the surfaces of the rollers is less than twice the height of the teeth and the teeth of one roller are offset along the length of the cylinder relative to the teeth of the other roller.

The cultivator unit is designed for installation on a mounted subsoiler, which provides non-moldboard cultivation of the soil to a depth of up to 45 cm, destruction of the plow base, grinding and mixing of plant residues in the upper layers of the soil. Loosening without turning over preserves the organic composition of the soil, and as a result, promotes long-term fertility. With this method of soil cultivation, the drainage properties of deep layers are improved and the oxygen content in the soil increases. The subsoiler can be attached to an agricultural tractor (tractor) equipped with a three-point linkage of the 3rd and 4th categories, as well as to a domestic tractor of the K700 type, which has its own standard size of attachment.

The utility model is illustrated by the following drawings:

In fig. Figure 1 shows a general view of the subsoiler.

In fig. Figure 2 shows a general view of the press roller.

Figure 3 shows a general view of the cultivator block with two press rollers.

Figure 4 shows a top view of the cultivator block with two press rollers.

The mounted subsoiler consists of an all-welded frame 1 with fastening elements to the tractor attachment, subsoilers 2 with working tools in the form of knives, a cultivator block 3 and a wheel block 4 (Fig. 1).

Frame 1 absorbs loads, transmits traction forces of the tractor and ensures reliable fastening of the ripper working parts.

Deep-loosening racks 2 are designed for loosening deep layers of soil and crushing the top layer of soil.

Cultivator block 3 is located behind the deep-loosening racks in the direction of movement of the subsoiler and is designed for finishing soil cultivation, which consists of crushing plant residues and clods of soil while simultaneously compacting and leveling the surface layer of soil.

Cultivator block 3 (Fig. 3, 4) includes two pressing rollers 4 equipped with teeth. The pressing roller 4 (Fig. 2) is a hollow cylinder 5 made of stainless steel, mounted on a shaft 6 with the possibility of rotation. The teeth 7 are fixed to the surface of the cylinder by welding with a certain pitch. The teeth 7 have an asymmetrical shape relative to the axis passing through the middle of the base of the tooth, and contain a cavity 8 on one side of the specified axis. Teeth 7 are located around the cylinder with a pitch h between groups of teeth located in the same cross-sectional plane of the cylinder. The axes of the teeth located in the same section plane are made at an angle of 90°, and the axes of the teeth of adjacent groups of teeth are offset.

The shaft 6, on which the roller 4 is mounted, is located inside the roller and in two end flanges 9, bolted to the end plates 10, which in turn are connected to the subsoiler frame 1 by means of hydraulic cylinders 11 of the hydraulic control system to ensure regulation of the depth of tillage.

Each end plate 10 is connected through a pin 12 to a lanyard 13 of the hydraulic control system and through a pin 14 to a bracket 15, which in turn is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 11 of the hydraulic control system.

For structural rigidity, the cultivator block is equipped with a beam 16, fixed between the end plates 10.

The pressing rollers 4 are placed parallel to each other and connected to the end plates 10 by means of end flanges 9, and the teeth of the two rollers are made in the direction from each other (the cavities 8 of the teeth of one roller are placed in the direction opposite to the direction of placement of the cavities 8 of the other roller), the distance A between the surfaces rollers are less than twice the height of the teeth, and the teeth of one roller are offset along the length of the cylinder relative to the teeth of the other roller (the teeth of one roller fit into the gap between the teeth of the second roller). The multidirectional design of the teeth of the two rollers ensures that the soil layer is lifted by the teeth 7 of the first roller 4 in the direction of travel, which is then picked up by the teeth 7 of the second roller 4, thus improving the breakdown of lumps of the surface layer of soil, mixing and grinding of plant residues. The arrangement of the teeth of the two rollers in a checkerboard pattern relative to the length of the cultivator block 3 ensures self-cleaning of the multidirectional teeth 7 from adhering plant residues in the process of loosening the soil, which ultimately prevents clogging of the roller and promotes effective loosening of the soil.

The subsoiler works as follows.

Start working at low speeds, gradually lowering the working parts of the rack 2 until the required depth is obtained. Gradual lowering is carried out with smooth regulation of the position of the cultivator unit 3 by a hydraulic control system with hydraulic cylinders 11, controlled from the tractor cabin. A constant depth of tillage during the operation of the subsoiler is ensured: at the front - by three-point tractor attachments and pneumatic wheels, at the rear - by adjusting the cultivator block 3 using a hydraulic control system with hydraulic cylinders 11.

Initially, the soil layers are processed using deep-loosening racks, during which the lower layers of the soil are loosened without turning it over and the crust of the top layer of soil is destroyed, after which the top layer of soil is loosened by compacting rollers and it and plant residues are broken down into smaller fragments. Due to the cylindrical surface of the roller, the soil surface is simultaneously leveled. This ensures the grinding of crop residues and weed roots, driving the plant mass into the fertile layer and mixing it with the ground.

Claims (2)

1. Cultivator block of a subsoiler, including two press rollers placed parallel to each other, each of which is mounted on a rotation shaft and contains asymmetrically shaped teeth welded to its surface with a cavity located on one side of the axis, and the teeth of the two rollers are made in different directions relative to each other , the distance between the surfaces of the rollers is less than twice the height of the teeth and the teeth of one roller are offset along the length of the cylinder relative to the teeth of the other roller. 2. The cultivator block of the subsoiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth of the compacting roller are located in groups in the same cross-sectional plane of the cylinder with an angle between the axes of 90° and the axes of the teeth of adjacent groups of teeth are offset.